Abstract:
:In binocular vision, the lateral displacement of the eyes gives rise to both horizontal and vertical disparities between the images projected onto the left and right retinae. While it is well known that horizontal disparity is exploited by the binocular visual system of birds and mammals to enable depth perception, the role of vertical disparity is still largely unclear. In this study, neuronal activity in the visual forebrain (visual Wulst) of behaving barn owls to vertical disparity was investigated. Single-unit responses to global random-dot stereograms (RDS) were recorded with chronically implanted electrodes and transmitted via radiotelemetry. Nearly half of the cells investigated (44%, 16/36) varied the discharge as a function of vertical disparity. Like horizontal-disparity tuning profiles, vertical-disparity tuning curves typically exhibited periodic modulation with side peaks flanking a prominent main peak, and thus, could be fitted well with a Gabor function. This indicates that tuning to vertical disparity was not caused by disrupting horizontal-disparity tuning via vertical stimulus offset, but by classical disparity detectors whose orientation tuning was tilted. When tested with horizontal in addition to vertical disparity, almost all cells investigated (92%, 12/13) were tuned to both kinds of disparity. The emergence of disparity detectors sensitive in two dimensions (horizontal and vertical) is discussed within the framework of the disparity energy model.
journal_name
Vis Neuroscijournal_title
Visual neuroscienceauthors
Nieder A,Wagner Hdoi
10.1017/s095252380118404xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-07-01 00:00:00pages
541-7issue
4eissn
0952-5238issn
1469-8714pii
S095252380118404Xjournal_volume
18pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The technique of current source-density analysis was applied to several components of the light-evoked field potentials (electroretinogram) from the retina of the superfused eyecup of rabbit. The depth distributions of the major current sources and sinks were: b-wave--sink at outer plexiform layer, source at inner ple...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523899162163
更新日期:1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have studied the presence and distribution of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate (AMPA)-selective glutamate receptor subunits (GluR1, 2, 3, and 4) in the adult cat visual cortical areas 17, 18, 19, and the lateral suprasylvian areas (LSA). Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) a...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800007136
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intrinsic interneurons within the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) provide a feed-forward inhibitory pathway for afferent visual information originating from the retina. These interneurons are unique because in addition to traditional axodendritic output onto thalamocortical neurons, these interneurons have pr...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S0952523817000141
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Thresholds for detection of light by a dark-adapted test eye were measured while the other, non-test eye was either similarly dark adapted or while it was exposed to an intense red adapting field. An interocular effect that depends on the retinal location of the test was found: compared to the threshold during binocul...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800005095
更新日期:1992-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined achromatic contrast discrimination in asymptomatic carriers of 11778 Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON 18 controls) and 18 age-match were also tested. To evaluate magnocellular (MC) and Parvocellular (PC) contrast discrimination, we used a version of Pokorny and Smith's (1997) pulsed/steady-pedesta...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0952523808080462
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent interest in nitric oxide and its relationship to cGMP has produced many attempts to anatomically localize the enzyme synthesizing nitric oxide, nitric oxide synthase. In the retina, numerous previous studies have used the NADPH-diaphorase enzyme activity of nitric oxide synthase as a histochemical method to loc...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800012670
更新日期:1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Single isolated photoreceptors can be taken through a visual cycle of light adaptation by bleaching visual pigment, followed by dark adaptation when supplied with 11-cis retinal. Light adaptation after bleaching is manifested by faster response kinetics and a permanent reduction in sensitivity to light flashes, presum...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800001735
更新日期:1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We studied the functional connectivity of cells in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) with the primary visual cortex (V1) in anesthetized marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). The LGN sends signals to V1 along parallel visual pathways called parvocellular (P), magnocellular (M), and koniocellular (K). To better understand...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0952523814000066
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Using autoradiographic and biochemical techniques, we studied the sodium-dependent forward and reverse transport of the neurotransmitter histamine in an arthropod photoreceptor in order to test whether the transporter plays a central role in visual signal transfer at this synapse. In particular, we asked whether the h...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523802193084
更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of the present study was to compare standard multifocal visual evoked potential (mfVEP) pattern-reversal responses with those produced by pattern-onset, pattern-offset, and pulsed pattern stimuli. mfVEP recordings were obtained from five normal subjects using VERIS and a 4-electrode array. The standard rev...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0952523808080954
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Immunohistochemical techniques were used to survey the distribution of several conventional transmitters, receptors, and neuropeptides in the pigeon nucleus of the basal optic root (nBOR), a component of the accessory optic system. Amongst the conventional neurotransmitters/modulators, the most intense labeling of fib...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800005964
更新日期:1989-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alpha ganglion cells from the midperiphery of the rabbit retina were recorded intracellularly under visual control, in a superfused everted eyecup, and labeled with HRP. Their physiology and large somata with broad dendritic arbors identified them as uniform populations of ON- and OFF-center alpha ganglion cells, whic...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800011512
更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have developed two brain slice preparations for studying tectofugal visual pathways in the chick: conventional, 400-microns slices ("thin slices"), and "thick slices" which encompass the rostral pole of the optic tectum and the contralateral optic nerve. Stimulation was delivered with a bipolar electrode positioned...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800008622
更新日期:1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ablation of visual cortical areas 17 and 18 in neonatal and young adult cats induces novel retinal projections to terminate bilaterally in the lateral posterior nucleus (LP) at a position ventromedial from the medial interlaminar nucleus. Comparison with the visual-field maps of LP indicate that the terminations are f...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800005435
更新日期:1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined the grating acuity and contrast sensitivity of cats whose eye position was monitored with a scleral search-coil technique. During each trial, the cat was required to maintain fixation on a laser spot and respond to the presence or the absence of a grating by pressing a right or left pedal. With this proced...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800010531
更新日期:1991-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Embryonic chick retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells can undergo transdifferentiation upon appropriate stimulation. For example, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) induces intact RPE tissue younger than embryonic day 4.5 (E4.5) to transdifferentiate into a neural retina. NeuroD, a gene encoding a basic helix-loop...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800171172
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lesion or inactivation of the superior colliculus (SC) of the cat results in an animal that fails to orient toward peripheral visual stimuli which normally evoke a brisk, reflexive orienting response. A failure to orient toward a visual stimulus could be the result of a sensory impairment (a failure to detect the visu...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s095252380320609x
更新日期:2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rod and cone photoresponses in a variety of species have been accurately described with linear multistage filter models. In this study, the response latency and initial coding of intensity at two higher levels of visual processing are related to such photoreceptor responses. One level is the retinal output (spiking di...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800012499
更新日期:1989-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) has been shown to influence the responses of ganglion cells in the mammalian retina. Consistently, GABA(A) receptor subunits have been localized to different ganglion cell types. In this study, the distribution of the alpha1 subunit of the GABA(A) receptor...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800173109
更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The modulatory influence of pretectal neurons on retino-geniculate transmission in the cat was studied by cross-correlation analysis of single-unit activity simultaneously recorded from the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) and the pretectum (PT) and with reversible inactivation of the PT by GABA microiontophor...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800007288
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tritiated neurotransmitter candidates were unilaterally injected in visual cortical regions with abundant corpus callosum connections. D-aspartate (Asp) or gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was injected along the area 17/18 border in cat, and the area 17/18a and 17/18b borders in rat. Retrograde Asp label was found contr...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800004351
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The goal of the present study was to relate the dark and light-adapted flash sensitivity of the scotopic threshold response (STR) and rod b-wave of the electroretinogram (ERG) to behaviorally measured rod increment threshold responses. Small amplitudes of the dark-adapted STR and b-wave, the latter after application o...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523801184142
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Arrestins participate in the termination of phototransduction in both vertebrates and invertebrates. However, the visual arrestins of invertebrates and vertebrates differ significantly from one another in that the invertebrate visual arrestins become phosphorylated rapidly in response to light while those in the photo...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800175145
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::R1-6 dominated electroretinographic (ERG) spectral sensitivities were determined as a function of days posteclosion from carotenoid deprived and replaced white-eyed Drosophila. The sensitivity of flies deprived from egg to adult waxed (about 1.5 log units by day 3), and then waned gradually from 3-11 days (over 2 log ...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800011263
更新日期:1992-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nucleus rotundus and nucleus dorsolateralis posterior (DLP) are the thalamic components of two parallel pathways within the tectofugal division of the pigeon visual system. An earlier study (Hodos, Weiss & Bessette, 1986) had shown that lesions in direct telencephalic recipients of projections from rotundus and DLP pr...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800001036
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper reviews evidence that the superior colliculus (SC) of the midbrain represents visual direction and certain aspects of saccadic eye movements in the distribution of activity across a population of cells. Accurate and precise eye movements appear to be mediated, in part at least, by cells of the SC that have ...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/s0952523800000857
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have studied the steady-state PERG in human subjects in response to red-green plaid patterns modulated either in luminance or in chromaticity or both. By varying the relative luminance of the red and green components, a value could be obtained at which the PERG amplitude was either minimum or locally maximum. This ...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800003825
更新日期:1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have investigated the effects of inactivation of localized sites in area 17 on the visual responses of cells in visuotopically corresponding regions of area 18. Experiments were performed on adult normal cats. The striate cortex was inactivated by the injection of nanoliters of lidocaine hydrochloride or of gamma-a...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800001826
更新日期:1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::White noise stimuli were used to estimate second-order kernels for complex cells in cortical area V1 of the macaque monkey, and drifting grating stimuli were presented to the sample of neurons to obtain orientation and spatial-frequency tuning curves. Using these data, we quantified how well second-order kernels predi...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800003102
更新日期:1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Five lagged cells were recognized by extracellular recording in the lateral geniculate nucleus of an awake, behaving macaque monkey. Previous reports of lagged cells were all in the anesthetized cat. Both parvocellular and magnocellular lagged cells were observed. Response timing was distributed continuously across th...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0952523808080784
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00