Abstract:
:This paper reviews evidence that the superior colliculus (SC) of the midbrain represents visual direction and certain aspects of saccadic eye movements in the distribution of activity across a population of cells. Accurate and precise eye movements appear to be mediated, in part at least, by cells of the SC that have large sensory receptive fields and/or discharge in association with a range of saccades. This implies that visual points or saccade targets are represented by patches rather than points of activity in the SC. Perturbation of the pattern of collicular discharge by focal inactivation modifies saccade amplitude and direction in a way consistent with distributed coding. Several models have been advanced to explain how such a code might be implemented in the colliculus. Evidence related to these hypotheses is examined and continuing uncertainties are identified.
journal_name
Vis Neuroscijournal_title
Visual neuroscienceauthors
McIlwain JTdoi
10.1017/s0952523800000857subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1991-01-01 00:00:00pages
3-13issue
1eissn
0952-5238issn
1469-8714pii
S0952523800000857journal_volume
6pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Human, macaque monkey, and rat retinas were immunostained with a polyclonal antibody preparation against purified recoverin, a 23-kD calcium-binding protein isolated from bovine retina that localizes to rods and cones (Dizhoor et al., 1991). In addition to immunoreactive photoreceptors, we have identified subpopulatio...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800003175
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Visual systems can undergo striking adaptations to specific visual environments during evolution, but they can also be very "conservative." This seems to be the case in motion vision, which is surprisingly similar in species as distant as honeybee and goldfish. In both visual systems, motion vision measured with the o...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0952523811000101
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Monocular deprivation (MD) by lid suture is one of the classic paradigms for the study of developmental plasticity in the cerebral cortex, and we have detailed knowledge of its anatomical and physiological consequences as well as underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms. However, the effects of other forms of mani...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0952523812000260
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Immunocytochemistry and retrograde labeling were used to define the thalamic projections of calbindin- and parvalbumin-containing cells in superficial layers of the rat's superior colliculus (SC). Quantitative analysis revealed that 90.8 +/- 2.2% (mean +/- standard deviation) of the calbindin-immunoreactive neurons in...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s095252380001141x
更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::To explore the possible influence of defined genetic backgrounds on photoreceptor viability and function in mice carrying a targeted disruption of the rhodopsin gene, the severities of retinopathies in Rho-/- mice on C57BL/6J and 129Sv congenic backgrounds were compared by light microscopy and electroretinography and ...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523801183100
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vision begins with photoisomerization of 11-cis retinal to the all-trans conformation within the chromophore-binding pocket of opsin, leading to activation of a biochemical cascade. Release of all-trans retinal from the binding pocket curtails but does not fully quench the ability of opsin to activate transducin. All-...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0952523809090105
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Electroretinogram (ERG) responses of the cone system to a flickering stimulus can exhibit a cyclic variation in amplitude. This phenomenon of synchronous period doubling has been attributed to a nonlinear feedback mechanism within the retina that alters response gain. The aim of the present study was to investigate in...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0952523805226111
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two groups of retinal cone bipolar cells (CBCs) in rats were found to express voltage-gated Na+ channels. The axon terminals of the first group stratify in sublamina 2 of the inner plexiform layer (IPL) and partially overlap with the OFF-cholinergic band. This group was identified as type 3 CBCs. The axon terminals of...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0952523808080851
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Transgenic mice overexpressing bcl-2, due to inhibition of naturally occurring cell death, have much larger brains and optic nerves as compared to wild-type mice. Since developmental cell death is believed to exert a crucial role in establishing the mature neural circuitry and function, we asked the question of whethe...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523899164113
更新日期:1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Extrastriate areas TEO and V4 have been associated with form and color vision. Area V4 has also been suggested to participate in processes concerned with attention, stimulus salience, and perceptual learning. In a continuing effort to elucidate the connectional interactions and microcircuitry of these areas, we descri...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800002480
更新日期:1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Unilateral retinal impulse blockage with tetrodotoxin (TTX) induces reversible shrinkage and decreased cytochrome oxidase (CO) activity in alternate rows of supragranular, CO-rich puffs in the adult macaque striate cortex (Wong-Riley & Carroll, 1984b: Carroll & Wong-Riley, 1987). The present study extended the finding...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800012396
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the reverse Stroop task, observers are instructed to ignore the ink color in which a color word is printed (the distractor color) and to respond to the meaning of the color word (the target). Reaction times (RTs) are faster with congruent combinations when the ink color matches the word than with incongruent combin...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0952523806233388
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The phosphoinositide (PI) intracellular signaling pathway, which triggers Ca2+ release from intracellular stores, appears to be a central feature of phototransduction in most invertebrate species studied. Procedures designed to inhibit PI-pathway reactions cause suppression of excitation to dim lights. However, in Lim...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523898151076
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several lines of evidence indicate that retinal photoreceptors produce melatonin. However, there are other potential melatonin sources in the retina, and melatonin synthesis can be regulated by feedback from the inner retina. To analyze cellular mechanisms of melatonin regulation in retinal photoreceptors, we have dev...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800005009
更新日期:1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Amacrine cells are a morphologically and functionally diverse group of inhibitory interneurons. Morphologically, they have been divided into approximately 30 types. Although this diversity is probably important to the fine structure and function of the retinal circuit, the amacrine cells have been more generally divid...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S0952523812000028
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::GABA is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian retina and it acts at many different sites via a variety of postsynaptic receptors. These include GABAA receptors and bicuculline-resistant GABAC receptors. The release of acetylcholine (ACh) is inhibited by GABA and strongly potentiated by GABA antagonists....
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800011652
更新日期:1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In order to elucidate the role of putative indoleaminergic amacrine cells in visual processing, we have employed pharmacological agents specific for the two classes of serotonin receptor, 5-HT2 and 5-HT1, which have been identified in both the retina and brain. Perfusion of the rabbit retina with 5-HT2 selective antag...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/s0952523800001930
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated whether regenerating mature axons recapitulate embryonic features essential to successful reconnectivity within the injured nervous system. Strips from embryonic and adult chick retinae were cultured, and outgrowing axons were examined morphometrically and immunohistochemically. In addition, the target...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800002558
更新日期:1991-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Early in life, visual experience appears to influence the refinement and maintenance of the orientation-selective responses of neurons in the primary visual cortex. After eye opening, the statistical structure of visually driven neural responses depends not only on the stimulus, but also on how the stimulus is scanned...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0952523804215073
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The visual information that first-order cortical cells receive is contained in the visually evoked spike trains of geniculate relay cells. To address functional issues such as the ON/OFF structure of visual cortical receptive fields with modelling studies, a geniculate cell model is needed where the spatial and tempor...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523898156158
更新日期:1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The hypothesis that dichromatic behavior on a clinical anomaloscope can be explained by the complement and arrangement of the long- (L) and middle-wavelength (M) pigment genes was tested. It was predicted that dichromacy is associated with an X-chromosome pigment gene array capable of producing only a single functiona...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523804213293
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The modulatory influence of pretectal neurons on retino-geniculate transmission in the cat was studied by cross-correlation analysis of single-unit activity simultaneously recorded from the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) and the pretectum (PT) and with reversible inactivation of the PT by GABA microiontophor...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800007288
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Visual perception is not instantaneous; the perceptual representation of our environment builds up over time. This can strongly affect our responses to visual stimuli. Here, we study the temporal dynamics of visual processing by analyzing the time course of priming effects induced by the well-known Ebbinghaus illusion...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0952523816000134
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::To provide a quantitative description of postnatal retinal expansion in rabbits, a new procedure was developed to map the retinae, which cover the inner surface of hemispheres or parts of rotation ellipsoids, in situ, onto a single plane. This method, as well as the known distribution of Müller cells per unit retinal ...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800004703
更新日期:1993-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In human subjects, the blind spot is perceptually filled-in by color and brightness from the surrounding visual field. The present behavioral study examined the occurrence of color filling-in at the blind spot in monkeys. First, the location of the blind spot was determined using a monocular saccade task. The blind sp...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800006921
更新日期:1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The activity of the endogenous retinal dopamine (DA) pathway has been examined in the pigmented rat using retinas obtained from normal adult (approximately 3 months) and senile adults (approximately 24 months) using an in vitro electrophysiological approach. By comparing the pharmacological sensitivity of the horizont...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800176035
更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::To date, two cannabinoid receptors, CB1 and CB2, have been cloned. The CB1 receptor has been found in a variety of tissues, particularly in the brain. CB2 receptor mRNA is mainly expressed in the immune system, though one group has found it in mouse cerebellum. Previous immunostaining studies in our lab demonstrated t...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800171093
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The distribution of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the lateral eye and brain of the horseshoe crab was investigated with histochemical means using standard controls to eliminate butyrylcholinesterase and nonspecific staining. Intense staining was observed in the neural plexus of the lateral compound eye, in the latera...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800003928
更新日期:1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The technique of current source-density analysis was applied to several components of the light-evoked field potentials (electroretinogram) from the retina of the superfused eyecup of rabbit. The depth distributions of the major current sources and sinks were: b-wave--sink at outer plexiform layer, source at inner ple...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523899162163
更新日期:1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A new tissue slice preparation of the cuttlefish eye is described that permits patch-clamp recordings to be acquired from intact photoreceptors during stimulation of the retina with controlled light flashes. Whole-cell recordings using this preparation, from the retinas of very young Sepia officinalis demonstrated tha...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0952523805223106
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00