Abstract:
:White noise stimuli were used to estimate second-order kernels for complex cells in cortical area V1 of the macaque monkey, and drifting grating stimuli were presented to the sample of neurons to obtain orientation and spatial-frequency tuning curves. Using these data, we quantified how well second-order kernels predict the normalized tuning of the average response of complex cells to drifting gratings. The estimated second-order kernel of each complex cell was transformed into an interaction function defined over all spatial and temporal lags without regard to absolute position or delay. The Fourier transform of each interaction function was then computed to obtain an interaction spectrum. For a cell that is well modeled by a second-order system, the cell's interaction spectrum is proportional to the tuning of its average spike rate to drifting gratings. This result was used to obtain spatial-frequency and orientation tuning predictions for each cell based on its second-order kernel. From the spatial-frequency and orientation tuning curves, we computed peaks and bandwidths, and an index for directional selectivity. We found that the predictions derived from second-order kernels provide an accurate description of the change in the average spike rate of complex cells to single drifting sine-wave gratings. These findings are consistent with a model for complex cells that has a quadratic spectral energy operator at its core but are inconsistent with a spectral amplitude model.
journal_name
Vis Neuroscijournal_title
Visual neuroscienceauthors
Gaska JP,Jacobson LD,Chen HW,Pollen DAdoi
10.1017/s0952523800003102subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1994-07-01 00:00:00pages
805-21issue
4eissn
0952-5238issn
1469-8714pii
S0952523800003102journal_volume
11pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Thresholds for detection of light by a dark-adapted test eye were measured while the other, non-test eye was either similarly dark adapted or while it was exposed to an intense red adapting field. An interocular effect that depends on the retinal location of the test was found: compared to the threshold during binocul...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800005095
更新日期:1992-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intrinsic interneurons within the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) provide a feed-forward inhibitory pathway for afferent visual information originating from the retina. These interneurons are unique because in addition to traditional axodendritic output onto thalamocortical neurons, these interneurons have pr...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S0952523817000141
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Visual systems can undergo striking adaptations to specific visual environments during evolution, but they can also be very "conservative." This seems to be the case in motion vision, which is surprisingly similar in species as distant as honeybee and goldfish. In both visual systems, motion vision measured with the o...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0952523811000101
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We studied the functional connectivity of cells in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) with the primary visual cortex (V1) in anesthetized marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). The LGN sends signals to V1 along parallel visual pathways called parvocellular (P), magnocellular (M), and koniocellular (K). To better understand...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0952523814000066
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The outer plexiform layer of the retina contains a neural circuit in which cone synaptic terminals are electrically coupled and release glutamate onto wide-field and narrow-field horizontal cells. These are also electrically coupled and feed back through a GABAergic synapse to cones. In cat this circuit's structure is...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800008440
更新日期:1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent interest in nitric oxide and its relationship to cGMP has produced many attempts to anatomically localize the enzyme synthesizing nitric oxide, nitric oxide synthase. In the retina, numerous previous studies have used the NADPH-diaphorase enzyme activity of nitric oxide synthase as a histochemical method to loc...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800012670
更新日期:1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ability of freely-flying honeybees to track moving targets was examined by training them to collect a reward on a target, and then videotaping their approach to the target while it was in motion. Training experiments were carried out with several groups of bees, using various colors for the target and the backgrou...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800004582
更新日期:1990-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Primate retinal bipolar cells synapsing with two adjacent cones (2C bipolars) are further described. Their synaptic contacts are either as the central (invaginating) component of the cone triads or as basal (flat) contacts on the membrane of the cone pedicle base. Correspondingly, their axons end either in the b (inne...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800010932
更新日期:1991-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined achromatic contrast discrimination in asymptomatic carriers of 11778 Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON 18 controls) and 18 age-match were also tested. To evaluate magnocellular (MC) and Parvocellular (PC) contrast discrimination, we used a version of Pokorny and Smith's (1997) pulsed/steady-pedesta...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0952523808080462
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The visual response to a flash given in the dark is known to saturate according to the Michaelis-Menten relationship. Nevertheless, the incremental response from increasing levels of mean luminance tends to follow a Weber-Fechner relationship well into the saturation range determined from the Michaelis-Menten results....
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800006593
更新日期:1991-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examine the assumptions that the fovea contains equal numbers of inner (invaginating or ON) and outer (flat or OFF) midget bipolar cells and equal numbers of inner and outer diffuse bipolar cells. Based on reconstruction from electron photomicrographs of serial thin sections through the fovea of a macaque monkey, w...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523803202091
更新日期:2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Color vision impairment was examined in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) without retinopathy. We assessed the type and degree of distortions of individual color spaces. DM2 patients (n = 32), and age-matched controls (n = 20) were tested using the Farnsworth D-15 and the Lanthony D-15d tests. In addition, ...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0952523806233546
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::There are four cone morphologies in zebrafish, corresponding to UV (U), blue (B), green (G), and red (R)-sensing types; yet genetically, eight cone opsins are expressed. How eight opsins are physiologically siloed in four cone types is not well understood, and in larvae, cone physiological spectral peaks are unstudied...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0952523819000075
更新日期:2019-07-30 00:00:00
abstract::Observers performed red-green and yellow-blue hue cancellation tasks for a 0.8-deg circular test field on a dark surround, by manipulating the excitation level of one cone class while the other two classes were held constant. The results of the red-green judgments conformed to classical opponent color theory in that b...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523801186062
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Visually guided saccadic eye movements to singly presented stationary targets form a bimodal distribution. After superior colliculus lesions, the so called "express saccades" that form the first mode of the distribution are no longer obtained. The aim of this study was to determine what role several other neural syste...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800001590
更新日期:1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mechanisms that mediate the calcium influx in mammalian horizontal cells were studied. Horizontal cells (HCs) enzymatically dissociated from the rabbit retina were recorded by the whole-cell configuration of the patch-clamp technique and by calcium image ratioespectrophotometry of Fura-2 loaded cells. AMPA-preferring ...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A series of psychophysical tests examining early and later aspects of image-motion processing were conducted in a patient with bilateral lesions involving the posterior visual pathways, affecting the lateral parietal-temporal-occipital cortex and the underlying white matter (as shown by magnetic resonance imaging stud...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800000444
更新日期:1990-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the human eye, domination of the electroretinogram (ERG) by the b-wave and other postreceptor components ordinarily obscures all but the first few milliseconds of the rod photoreceptor response to a stimulating flash. However, recovery of the rod response after a bright rest flash can be analyzed using a paired-fla...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800008774
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::To better understand the evolution of spatial and color vision, the number and spatial distributions of cones, rods, and optic nerve axon numbers were assessed in seven New World primates (Cebus apella, Saimiri ustius, Saguinus midas niger, Alouatta caraya, Aotus azarae, Calllithrix jacchus, and Callicebus moloch). Th...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0952523808080371
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acetylcholine (ACh) is one of the transmitters utilized by extra-thalamic afferents to modulate stimulus-driven neurotransmission and experience-dependent plasticity in the visual cortex. Since these processes also depend on the activation of glutamatergic receptors, cholinergic terminals may exert their effects via d...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800002832
更新日期:1992-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::L and M cones, divided into two groups by absorption spectra, have not been distinguished by structure. Here, we report what may be such a difference. We reconstructed the synaptic terminals of 16 non-S cones and the dendritic arbors of their ON and OFF midget bipolar cells from high-magnification electron micrographs...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0952523810000477
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::One type of retinal ganglion cells prefers object motion in a particular direction. Neuronal mechanisms for the computation of motion direction are still unknown. We quantitatively mapped excitatory and inhibitory regions of receptive fields for directionally selective retinal ganglion cells in the Japanese quail, and...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800172086
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Saccadic suppression is the reduced visibility that occurs during saccadic eye movements. Recent psychophysical studies have suggested that this is due to a reduction in responsiveness of magnocellular (M), but not parvocellular (P), cells of the lateral geniculate nucleus. To address this and other phenomena of respo...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523801182106
更新日期:2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::To date, two cannabinoid receptors, CB1 and CB2, have been cloned. The CB1 receptor has been found in a variety of tissues, particularly in the brain. CB2 receptor mRNA is mainly expressed in the immune system, though one group has found it in mouse cerebellum. Previous immunostaining studies in our lab demonstrated t...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800171093
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inferior temporal (IT) cortex is a "high-order" region of extrastriate visual cortex important for visual form perception and recognition in adult primates. The pattern of cortical afferents from both ipsilateral and contralateral hemispheres to anterior IT cortex was determined in infant macaque monkeys 7-18 weeks of...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800011160
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Anterograde transport of cholera toxin subunit B (CTb) was used to study the retinal projections in birds, with an emphasis on retinohypothalamic connections. Pigeons (Columbia livia) were deeply anesthetized and received unilateral intraocular injections of CTb. In addition to known contralateral retinorecipient regi...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800002376
更新日期:1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::By establishing an avascular, highly elastic, region within the fetal area of high acuity (AHA), the developing primate eye has created a unique substrate on which the mechanical forces of intraocular pressure (IOP) and growth-induced retinal stretch (stretch) can act. We proposed (Springer & Hendrickson, 2004b) that ...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S095252380522206X
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to determine whether agmatine, a channel permeable probe, can identify photoreceptor dysfunction in the Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) retina at an earlier stage to that shown by apoptosis or anatomical markers, and also characterize the neurochemical development of the inner retina in the n...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523801191066
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The sudden displacement of the retinal image during a saccade raises the visual threshold of human observers to foveal stimuli. The fall in visual sensitivity observed during this phenomenon, known as saccadic suppression, seems to occur very early in the visual processing chain. The lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) i...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523898155128
更新日期:1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Starburst amacrine cells (SACs), the only acetylcholine (ACh)-releasing amacrine cells (ACs) in adult rabbit retina, contain GABA and are key elements in the retina's directionally selective (DS) mechanism. Unlike many other GABAergic ACs, they use glutamic acid decarboxlyase (GAD)(67), not GAD(65), to synthesize GABA...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0952523810000052
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00