Pharmacological inactivation of pretectal nuclei reveals different modulatory effects on retino-geniculate transmission by X and Y cells in the cat.

abstract：:Adult Japanese quail have an endogenous circadian clock located in their eyes that has been shown to regulate melatonin biosynthesis. We investigated if a circadian oscillator is present in cultures of dispersed embryonic quail retina. Melatonin release in retinal cell culture is modulated by the light cycle, indicati...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Pierce ME

更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The phosphoinositide (PI) intracellular signaling pathway, which triggers Ca2+ release from intracellular stores, appears to be a central feature of phototransduction in most invertebrate species studied. Procedures designed to inhibit PI-pathway reactions cause suppression of excitation to dim lights. However, in Lim...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Johnson EC,Gray-Keller MP,O'Day PM

更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Acetylcholine (ACh) is one of the transmitters utilized by extra-thalamic afferents to modulate stimulus-driven neurotransmission and experience-dependent plasticity in the visual cortex. Since these processes also depend on the activation of glutamatergic receptors, cholinergic terminals may exert their effects via d...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Aoki C,Kabak S

更新日期：1992-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Immunohistochemical techniques were used to survey the distribution of several conventional transmitters, receptors, and neuropeptides in the pigeon nucleus of the basal optic root (nBOR), a component of the accessory optic system. Amongst the conventional neurotransmitters/modulators, the most intense labeling of fib...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Britto LR,Hamassaki DE,Keyser KT,Karten HJ

更新日期：1989-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The discoloration illusion, a new visual phenomenon, is described. This phenomenon originates from the juxtaposition of eight chromatic parallel contours on a white background, creating a luminance gradient and enclosing a light red region. Under these conditions, the inner region appears white: the light red discolor...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Pinna B

更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We examined the grating acuity and contrast sensitivity of cats whose eye position was monitored with a scleral search-coil technique. During each trial, the cat was required to maintain fixation on a laser spot and respond to the presence or the absence of a grating by pressing a right or left pedal. With this proced...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Pasternak T,Horn K

更新日期：1991-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The sudden displacement of the retinal image during a saccade raises the visual threshold of human observers to foveal stimuli. The fall in visual sensitivity observed during this phenomenon, known as saccadic suppression, seems to occur very early in the visual processing chain. The lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) i...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Derrington AM,Felisberti F

更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Surround enhancement (sensitization) is a poorly understood form of network adaptation in which the kinetics of the responses of retinal neurons to test stimuli become faster, and absolute sensitivity of the responses increases with increasing level of steady, surrounding light. Surround enhancement has been observed ...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Reifsnider ES,Tranchina D

更新日期：1995-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the human eye, domination of the electroretinogram (ERG) by the b-wave and other postreceptor components ordinarily obscures all but the first few milliseconds of the rod photoreceptor response to a stimulating flash. However, recovery of the rod response after a bright rest flash can be analyzed using a paired-fla...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Pepperberg DR,Birch DG,Hood DC

更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We examined the effects of picrotoxin and pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) on the responses to motions of ON-OFF directionally selective (DS) ganglion cells of the turtle's retina. These drugs are antagonists of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA. For continuous motions, picrotoxin markedly reduced the overall directionality...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Smith RD,Grzywacz NM,Borg-Graham LJ

更新日期：1996-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Visual perception is not instantaneous; the perceptual representation of our environment builds up over time. This can strongly affect our responses to visual stimuli. Here, we study the temporal dynamics of visual processing by analyzing the time course of priming effects induced by the well-known Ebbinghaus illusion...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Schmidt F,Weber A,Haberkamp A

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ultrastructural examination of photoreceptor inner segment ellipsoids in larval (4, 8, and 15 days postfertilization; dpf) and adult zebrafish identified morphologically different types of mitochondria. All photoreceptors had mitochondria of different sizes (large and small). At 4 dpf, rods had small, moderately stain...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Tarboush R,Novales Flamarique I,Chapman GB,Connaughton VP

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The retina of salmonid fishes has two types of cone photoreceptors: single and double cones. At the nuclear level, these cones are distributed in a square mosaic such that the double cones form the sides of the square and the single cones occupy positions at the centre and at the corners of the square. Double cones co...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Cheng CL,Flamarique IN

更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We studied the functional connectivity of cells in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) with the primary visual cortex (V1) in anesthetized marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). The LGN sends signals to V1 along parallel visual pathways called parvocellular (P), magnocellular (M), and koniocellular (K). To better understand...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Cheong SK,Johannes Pietersen AN

更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Tennessee Mouse Genome Consortium (TMGC) is in its fifth year of a ethylnitrosourea (ENU)-based mutagenesis screen to detect recessive mutations that affect the eye and brain. Each pedigree is tested by various phenotyping domains including the eye, neurohistology, behavior, aging, ethanol, drug, social behavior, ...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Jablonski MM,Wang X,Lu L,Miller DR,Rinchik EM,Williams RW,Goldowitz D

更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To date, two cannabinoid receptors, CB1 and CB2, have been cloned. The CB1 receptor has been found in a variety of tissues, particularly in the brain. CB2 receptor mRNA is mainly expressed in the immune system, though one group has found it in mouse cerebellum. Previous immunostaining studies in our lab demonstrated t...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Lu Q,Straiker A,Lu Q,Maguire G

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The goal of the present study was to relate the dark and light-adapted flash sensitivity of the scotopic threshold response (STR) and rod b-wave of the electroretinogram (ERG) to behaviorally measured rod increment threshold responses. Small amplitudes of the dark-adapted STR and b-wave, the latter after application o...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Naarendorp F,Sato Y,Cajdric A,Hubbard NP

更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We investigated whether regenerating mature axons recapitulate embryonic features essential to successful reconnectivity within the injured nervous system. Strips from embryonic and adult chick retinae were cultured, and outgrowing axons were examined morphometrically and immunohistochemically. In addition, the target...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Vanselow J,Müller B,Thanos S

更新日期：1991-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The distribution of GABA-like immunoreactivity in the cat retina was studied through the use of preembedding immunocytochemistry for light microscopy and by postembedding immunogold techniques for electron microscopy. Staining was observed in both inner and outer plexiform layers. Approximately 30% of the somata in th...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Pourcho RG,Owczarzak MT

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Primate retinal bipolar cells synapsing with two adjacent cones (2C bipolars) are further described. Their synaptic contacts are either as the central (invaginating) component of the cone triads or as basal (flat) contacts on the membrane of the cone pedicle base. Correspondingly, their axons end either in the b (inne...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Boycott BB,Hopkins JM

更新日期：1991-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:During adaptation to an increase in environmental luminance, retinal signaling adjustments are mediated by the neuromodulator dopamine. Retinal dopamine is released with light and can affect center-surround receptive fields, the coupling state between neurons, and inhibitory pathways through inhibitory receptors and n...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Mazade RE,Eggers ED

更新日期：2020-02-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Transgenic mice overexpressing bcl-2, due to inhibition of naturally occurring cell death, have much larger brains and optic nerves as compared to wild-type mice. Since developmental cell death is believed to exert a crucial role in establishing the mature neural circuitry and function, we asked the question of whethe...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Porciatti V,Pizzorusso T,Maffei L

更新日期：1999-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Linking propositions have played an important role in refining our understanding of the relationship between neural activity and perception. Over the last 40 years, visual evoked potentials (VEPs) have been used in many different ways to address questions of the relationship between neural activity and perception. Thi...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Norcia AM

更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:GABA is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian retina and it acts at many different sites via a variety of postsynaptic receptors. These include GABAA receptors and bicuculline-resistant GABAC receptors. The release of acetylcholine (ACh) is inhibited by GABA and strongly potentiated by GABA antagonists....

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Massey SC,Linn DM,Kittila CA,Mirza W

更新日期：1997-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ganglion cells of the cat retina that are neither alpha nor beta cells are often lumped for convenience into a single anatomical group--the gamma cells (Boycott & Wässle, 1974; Stone, 1983; Wässle & Boycott, 1991). Defined in this way, gamma cells are the morphological counterpart to the physiological W-cell class, wh...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Stein JJ,Berson DM

更新日期：1995-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Immunocytochemistry and retrograde labeling were used to define the thalamic projections of calbindin- and parvalbumin-containing cells in superficial layers of the rat's superior colliculus (SC). Quantitative analysis revealed that 90.8 +/- 2.2% (mean +/- standard deviation) of the calbindin-immunoreactive neurons in...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Lane RD,Allan DM,Bennett-Clarke CA,Howell DL,Rhoades RW

更新日期：1997-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The abundance and spatial distribution of retinal cone photoreceptors change during thyroid hormone (TH)-induced and natural development of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). These changes are thought to allow the fish to adapt to different photic environments throughout its life history. To date, the ontogeny of ra...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Veldhoen K,Allison WT,Veldhoen N,Anholt BR,Helbing CC,Hawryshyn CW

更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Accommodation is more accurate with polychromatic stimuli than with narrowband or monochromatic stimuli. The aim of this paper is to develop a computational model for how the visual system uses the extra information in polychromatic stimuli to increase the accuracy of accommodation responses. The proposed model is dev...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Flitcroft DI

更新日期：1990-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The technique of current source-density analysis was applied to several components of the light-evoked field potentials (electroretinogram) from the retina of the superfused eyecup of rabbit. The depth distributions of the major current sources and sinks were: b-wave--sink at outer plexiform layer, source at inner ple...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Karwoski CJ,Xu X

更新日期：1999-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The human visual system is remarkably tolerant to degradation in image resolution: human performance in scene categorization remains high no matter whether low-resolution images or multimegapixel images are used. This observation raises the question of how many pixels are required to form a meaningful representation o...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Torralba A

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00