Abstract:
:Tritiated neurotransmitter candidates were unilaterally injected in visual cortical regions with abundant corpus callosum connections. D-aspartate (Asp) or gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was injected along the area 17/18 border in cat, and the area 17/18a and 17/18b borders in rat. Retrograde Asp label was found contralaterally in supragranular and infragranular laminae in areas 17, 18, 19, PMLS, and PLLS in cat, and in areas 29, 18b, 17, and 18a in rat. No contralateral GABA label was found in cat or rat. Thus, the cat and rat corpus callosum may use Asp or a related substance as a neurotransmitter.
journal_name
Vis Neuroscijournal_title
Visual neuroscienceauthors
Elberger AJdoi
10.1017/s0952523800004351subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1989-01-01 00:00:00pages
81-5issue
1eissn
0952-5238issn
1469-8714pii
S0952523800004351journal_volume
2pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Thresholds for detection of light by a dark-adapted test eye were measured while the other, non-test eye was either similarly dark adapted or while it was exposed to an intense red adapting field. An interocular effect that depends on the retinal location of the test was found: compared to the threshold during binocul...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800005095
更新日期:1992-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several studies document rudimentary color vision under dim illumination. Here, hue perceptions of paper color samples were determined for a wide range of light levels, including very low light levels where rods alone mediate vision. The appearances of 24 paper color samples from the OSA Uniform Color Scales were gaug...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0952523806233492
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have described the currents flowing across the presynaptic membranes of the four median photoreceptors of the giant barnacle, Balanus nubilus, using a quasi-voltage clamp arrangement. Membrane potential, measured in the terminal region of one photoreceptor, was controlled in all four terminals by feedback current s...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800003667
更新日期:1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The phosphoinositide (PI) intracellular signaling pathway, which triggers Ca2+ release from intracellular stores, appears to be a central feature of phototransduction in most invertebrate species studied. Procedures designed to inhibit PI-pathway reactions cause suppression of excitation to dim lights. However, in Lim...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523898151076
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rod and cone photoresponses in a variety of species have been accurately described with linear multistage filter models. In this study, the response latency and initial coding of intensity at two higher levels of visual processing are related to such photoreceptor responses. One level is the retinal output (spiking di...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800012499
更新日期:1989-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Eye growth and refraction are regulated by visual processing in the retina. Until now, the messengers released by the retina to induce these changes are largely unknown. Previously, it was found that glucagon amacrine cells respond to defocus in the retinal image and even to its sign. The expression of the immediate-e...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523802196064
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The human visual system is remarkably tolerant to degradation in image resolution: human performance in scene categorization remains high no matter whether low-resolution images or multimegapixel images are used. This observation raises the question of how many pixels are required to form a meaningful representation o...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0952523808080930
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Using autoradiographic and biochemical techniques, we studied the sodium-dependent forward and reverse transport of the neurotransmitter histamine in an arthropod photoreceptor in order to test whether the transporter plays a central role in visual signal transfer at this synapse. In particular, we asked whether the h...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523802193084
更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reduction of blood flow to the rat retina was achieved by either clamping both carotid arteries briefly (24 min) or combining clamping of the carotid arteries with permanent occlusion of the vertebral arteries. Analysis of retinas 6 days after operations showed that GFAP immunoreactivity is expressed throughout the re...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800010427
更新日期:1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent work has revealed multiple pathways for cross-orientation suppression in cat and human vision. In particular, ipsiocular and interocular pathways appear to assert their influence before binocular summation in human but have different (1) spatial tuning, (2) temporal dependencies, and (3) adaptation after-effect...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S095252380808070X
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Embryonic chick retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells can undergo transdifferentiation upon appropriate stimulation. For example, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) induces intact RPE tissue younger than embryonic day 4.5 (E4.5) to transdifferentiate into a neural retina. NeuroD, a gene encoding a basic helix-loop...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800171172
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::AMPA-selective glutamate receptors play a major role in glutamatergic neurotransmission in the retina and are expressed in a variety of neuronal subpopulations. In the present study, immunocytochemical techniques were used to visualize the distribution of GluR2 and GluR4 subunits in the cat retina. Results were compar...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523899166100
更新日期:1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Increment threshold functions of the electroretinogram (ERG) b-wave were obtained from goldfish using an in vivo preparation to study intraretinal mechanisms underlying the increase in perceived brightness induced by depletion of retinal dopamine by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). Goldfish received unilateral intraocular ...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s095252380000300x
更新日期:1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Immunocytochemistry and retrograde labeling were used to define the thalamic projections of calbindin- and parvalbumin-containing cells in superficial layers of the rat's superior colliculus (SC). Quantitative analysis revealed that 90.8 +/- 2.2% (mean +/- standard deviation) of the calbindin-immunoreactive neurons in...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s095252380001141x
更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although excitotoxins derived from acidic amino acids are known to damage neurons in the inner nuclear and ganglion cell layers of the retina, little is known about their effects on photoreceptors. This study examines the acute and long-term effects of excitotoxins on photoreceptors of the chick retina. The zinc-iodid...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800001152
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Contrast adaptation occurs in both the retina and the cortex. Defining its spatial dependence is crucial for understanding its potential roles. We thus asked to what degree contrast adaptation depends on spatial frequency, including cross-adaptation. Measuring the pattern electroretinogram (PERG) and the visual evoked...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523802195095
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Much of what is currently known about the visual response of retinal bipolar cells is based on studies of rod-dominant responses to flashes in the dark in the isolated retina. This minireview summarizes quantitative findings on contrast processing in the intact light-adapted retina based on intracellular recording fro...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S0952523810000313
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent interest in nitric oxide and its relationship to cGMP has produced many attempts to anatomically localize the enzyme synthesizing nitric oxide, nitric oxide synthase. In the retina, numerous previous studies have used the NADPH-diaphorase enzyme activity of nitric oxide synthase as a histochemical method to loc...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800012670
更新日期:1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Parallel processing of visual information begins at the first synapse in the retina between the photoreceptors and bipolar cells. Ten bipolar cell types have been previously described in the primate retina: one rod and nine cone bipolar types. In this paper, we describe an 11th type of bipolar cell identified in Golgi...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0952523810000374
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is widely accepted that human color vision is based on two types of cone-opponent mechanism, one differencing L and M cone types (loosely termed "red-green"), and the other differencing S with the L and M cones (loosely termed "blue-yellow"). The traditional view of the early processing of human color vision sugges...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523801181125
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adult Japanese quail have an endogenous circadian clock located in their eyes that has been shown to regulate melatonin biosynthesis. We investigated if a circadian oscillator is present in cultures of dispersed embryonic quail retina. Melatonin release in retinal cell culture is modulated by the light cycle, indicati...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523899165040
更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many cell types in the retina are coupled via gap junctions and so there is a pressing need for a potent and reversible gap junction antagonist. We screened a series of potential gap junction antagonists by evaluating their effects on dye coupling in the network of A-type horizontal cells. We evaluated the following c...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0952523807070472
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) dendritic atrophy is an early feature of many forms of retinal degeneration, providing a challenge to RGC classification. The characterization of these changes is complicated by the possibility that selective labeling of any particular class can confound the estimation of dendritic remodeli...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0952523814000248
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objective of this study was to evaluate the maturity of three inhibitory mechanisms (end-inhibition, side-inhibition, and cross-orientation inhibition) in the striate cortex of kittens at 4 weeks postnatal. To accomplish this, we made extracellular recordings from area 17 neurons while presenting visual stimuli co...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800007756
更新日期:1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Psychophysical research has documented the existence of three processes in light adaptation: a fast subtractive process, a divisive process that is fast at light onset and slower at light offset, and a very slow subtractive process (Hayhoe et al., 1987). In the neural model developed here, the fast subtractive process...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/s0952523800012098
更新日期:1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::While color vision mediated by rod photoreceptors in dim light is possible (Kelber & Roth, 2006), most animals, including humans, do not see in color at night. This is because their retinas contain only a single class of rod photoreceptors. Many of these same animals have daylight color vision, mediated by multiple cl...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S095252380808084X
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Anatomical and electrophysiological studies have provided us with detailed information regarding the extent and topography of the primary (V1) and secondary (V2) visual areas in primates. The consensus about the V1 and V2 maps, however, is in sharp contrast with controversies regarding the organization of the cortical...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S0952523815000188
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The representation of the visual field in the part of area 17 containing neurons that project axons across the corpus callosum to the contralateral hemisphere was defined in the cat. Of 1424 sites sampled along 77 electrode tracks, 768 proved to be in the callosal sending zone, which was identified by retrograde trans...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s095252380000403x
更新日期:1991-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The responses of neurons in primary visual cortex (V1) are suppressed by stimuli presented in the region surrounding the receptive field. There is debate as to whether this surround suppression is due to intracortical inhibition, is inherited from lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), or is due to a combination of these f...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0952523807070563
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The abundance and spatial distribution of retinal cone photoreceptors change during thyroid hormone (TH)-induced and natural development of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). These changes are thought to allow the fish to adapt to different photic environments throughout its life history. To date, the ontogeny of ra...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0952523806232139
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00