Abstract:
:To better understand the evolution of spatial and color vision, the number and spatial distributions of cones, rods, and optic nerve axon numbers were assessed in seven New World primates (Cebus apella, Saimiri ustius, Saguinus midas niger, Alouatta caraya, Aotus azarae, Calllithrix jacchus, and Callicebus moloch). The spatial distribution and number of rods and cones was determined from counts of retinal whole mounts. Optic axon number was determined from optic nerve sections by electron microscopy. These data were amassed with existing data on retinal cell number and distribution in Old World primates, and the scaling of relative densities and numbers with respect to retinal area, eye and brain sizes, and foveal specializations were evaluated. Regular scaling of all cell types was observed, with the exceptionally large, rod-enriched retina of the nocturnal owl monkey Aotus azarae, and the unusually high cone density of the fovea of the trichromatic howler monkey Alouatta caraya presenting interesting variations on this basic plan. Over all species, the lawful scaling of rods, cones, and retinal ganglion cell number is hypothesized to result from a conserved sequence of cell generation that defends retinal acuity and sensitivity over a large range of eye sizes.
journal_name
Vis Neuroscijournal_title
Visual neuroscienceauthors
Finlay BL,Franco EC,Yamada ES,Crowley JC,Parsons M,Muniz JA,Silveira LCdoi
10.1017/S0952523808080371subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-05-01 00:00:00pages
289-99issue
3eissn
0952-5238issn
1469-8714pii
S0952523808080371journal_volume
25pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Fish of the genus Anableps (Anablepidae, Cyprinodontiformes) have eyes that are adapted for simultaneous aerial and aquatic vision. In this study we investigate some of the corresponding retinal specializations of the adult Anableps anableps eye using retinal transverse sections and wholemounts. The linear dimensions ...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
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更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In previous work, we have shown that sudden image displacements well outside the classical receptive field modulate the visual sensitivity of LGN relay cells. Here we report the effect of image displacements on the response versus contrast function. The stimuli consisted of a central spot of optimal size and polarity ...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
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更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Visual neuroscience
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doi:10.1017/s0952523800000341
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journal_title:Visual neuroscience
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doi:10.1017/s095252389815304x
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journal_title:Visual neuroscience
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doi:10.1017/S0952523805225087
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Visual neuroscience
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更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::By establishing an avascular, highly elastic, region within the fetal area of high acuity (AHA), the developing primate eye has created a unique substrate on which the mechanical forces of intraocular pressure (IOP) and growth-induced retinal stretch (stretch) can act. We proposed (Springer & Hendrickson, 2004b) that ...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
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doi:10.1017/S095252380522206X
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have studied the influence of chromatic adaptation upon the perceived visual position of a test stimulus using a Vernier alignment task. Maximum and minimum offsets in spatial position are generated when the adapting and test stimuli lie on the same and orthogonal axes in MBDKL color space, respectively. When the t...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
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doi:10.1017/s0952523804213426
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Visual neuroscience
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doi:10.1017/S0952523809090105
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800007136
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Visual neuroscience
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doi:10.1017/S0952523804215073
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The activity of the endogenous retinal dopamine (DA) pathway has been examined in the pigmented rat using retinas obtained from normal adult (approximately 3 months) and senile adults (approximately 24 months) using an in vitro electrophysiological approach. By comparing the pharmacological sensitivity of the horizont...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
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doi:10.1017/s0952523800176035
更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A series of psychophysical tests examining early and later aspects of image-motion processing were conducted in a patient with bilateral lesions involving the posterior visual pathways, affecting the lateral parietal-temporal-occipital cortex and the underlying white matter (as shown by magnetic resonance imaging stud...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
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doi:10.1017/s0952523800000444
更新日期:1990-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Transgenic mice overexpressing bcl-2, due to inhibition of naturally occurring cell death, have much larger brains and optic nerves as compared to wild-type mice. Since developmental cell death is believed to exert a crucial role in establishing the mature neural circuitry and function, we asked the question of whethe...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
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doi:10.1017/s0952523899164113
更新日期:1999-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Visual neuroscience
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doi:10.1017/s0952523800005095
更新日期:1992-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Anatomical and electrophysiological studies have provided us with detailed information regarding the extent and topography of the primary (V1) and secondary (V2) visual areas in primates. The consensus about the V1 and V2 maps, however, is in sharp contrast with controversies regarding the organization of the cortical...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S0952523815000188
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The visual information that first-order cortical cells receive is contained in the visually evoked spike trains of geniculate relay cells. To address functional issues such as the ON/OFF structure of visual cortical receptive fields with modelling studies, a geniculate cell model is needed where the spatial and tempor...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
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doi:10.1017/s0952523898156158
更新日期:1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Following up on a prior study of contour and brightness processing in visual masking (Breitmeyer et al., 2006), we investigated the effects of a binocular and dichoptic para-contrast masking on the visibility of the contour and brightness of a target presented to the other eye. Combined, the results support the contri...
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更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
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doi:10.1017/S0952523804216054
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Visual neuroscience
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doi:10.1017/s0952523800004831
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journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800002182
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Population-based studies of retinal neurons have helped to reveal their natural types in mammals and teleost fishes. In this, the first such study in a frog, labeled ganglion cells of the mesobatrachian Xenopus laevis were examined in flatmounts. Cells with large somata and thick dendrites could be divided into three ...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
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更新日期:1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We used qualitative tests to assess the sensitivity of 1043 V2 neurons (predominantly multiunits) in anesthetised macaque monkeys to direction, length, orientation, and color of moving bar stimuli. Spectral sensitivity was additionally tested by noting ON or OFF responses to flashed stimuli of varied size and color. T...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
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更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In order to elucidate the role of putative indoleaminergic amacrine cells in visual processing, we have employed pharmacological agents specific for the two classes of serotonin receptor, 5-HT2 and 5-HT1, which have been identified in both the retina and brain. Perfusion of the rabbit retina with 5-HT2 selective antag...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Visual neuroscience
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doi:10.1017/s0952523800002376
更新日期:1994-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Visual neuroscience
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doi:10.1017/s095252380000612x
更新日期:1993-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Some visual stimuli produce a strong percept of motion, even though they fail to excite motion detectors based on Fourier energy or cross correlation. Models which suffice to explain the motion percept in these non-Fourier motion (NFM) stimuli include linear spatiotemporal filtering, followed by rectification, followe...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
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doi:10.1017/s0952523800009573
更新日期:1992-08-01 00:00:00