Context-dependent representation of reinforcement in monkey amygdala.

abstract：:We examined covert and overt orienting in response to non-predictive gaze direction cues and investigated whether the subcortical superior colliculus (SC) plays a role in this type of orienting. Participants viewed a centrally presented gazing schematic face and responded to targets appearing at gazed-at or non-gazed-...

journal_title：Neuroreport

authors： Friesen CK,Kingstone A

更新日期：2003-03-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) plays critical roles in neurotransmission, synaptic plasticity, learning and memory. The aim of this study was to examine, by in situ hybridization, prefrontal cortical expression of CaMKII alpha mRNA in postmortem brains of unipolar, bipolar, schizophrenic, and con...

journal_title：Neuroreport

authors： Xing G,Russell S,Hough C,O'Grady J,Zhang L,Yang S,Zhang LX,Post R

更新日期：2002-03-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Glutamatergic excitotoxicity has been implicated in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) is neuroprotective in several paradigms. We therefore tested the effect of selective mGluR agonists on cultured chick embryonic motor neurons. Ac...

journal_title：Neuroreport

authors： Anneser JM,Horstmann S,Weydt P,Borasio GD

更新日期：1998-06-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to determine effects of acute and chronic alcohol exposure on brain intracellular free magnesium concentration (Mgf) and bioenergetic state in rats. Acute alcohol (3 mg kg-1, i.p.) resulted in a transient ( < 2h) decline in brain Mgf and cytosolic phosphorylation rat...

journal_title：Neuroreport

authors： Mullins PG,Vink R

更新日期：1995-08-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Homotopic and isochronic transplantation of the alar plate of the rhombomeres 7 and 8 was performed between chick and quail embryos at the stage of 10-14 somites. Analysis of the graft derivatives in 12-day-old chimeric embryos by means of the quail nucleolar marker showed that the ipsilateral inferior olive is formed...

journal_title：Neuroreport

authors： Ambrosiani J,Armengol JA,Martinez S,Puelles L

更新日期：1996-05-17 00:00:00

abstract：:The present study examined the effect of peripherally applied morphine and GABA on jaw muscle electromyographic activity reflexly evoked by co-injection of glutamate into the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) of lightly anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats of both sexes. In male but not female rats, morphine significantly sup...

journal_title：Neuroreport

authors： Cai BB,Cairns BE,Sessle BJ,Hu JW

更新日期：2001-11-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Mouse retinal explants were transfected with recombinant adenovirus vector carrying the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene and the rat bcl-x(L) gene (Adeno-Bcl-xL) to determine its ability to protect retinal ganglion cells against apoptotic cell death and to promote retinal ganglion cell neurite regeneration. Adeno-...

journal_title：Neuroreport

authors： Oshitari T,Okada S,Tokuhisa T,Adachi-Usami E

更新日期：2003-06-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Cortical processes underlying perception of musical consonance were investigated by long-latency auditory evoked potentials (EPs). Subjects listened to a random sequence of dyadic pure tones paired at various pitch intervals (1, 4, 6, 7, or 9 semitones). Amplitudes of P2 and N2 components of auditory EPs were signific...

journal_title：Neuroreport

authors： Itoh K,Suwazono S,Nakada T

更新日期：2003-12-19 00:00:00

abstract：:We examined the protective effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on the death of glia-free neurons in culture. Under normoxic conditions, the protection by NAC was observed only in cystine-free but not complete medium. When the cells were cultured under hypoxic conditions, NAC much elongated their survival even in the pre...

journal_title：Neuroreport

authors： Sagara J,Bannai S,Shikano N,Makino N

更新日期：2010-04-21 00:00:00

abstract：:The hippocampus is the key structure for learning and memory in mammals and long-term potentiation (LTP) is an important cellular mechanism responsible for learning and memory. The influences of norepinephrine (NE) on the modulation of learning and memory, as well as LTP, through β-adrenoceptors are well documented, w...

journal_title：Neuroreport

authors： Lv J,Zhan SY,Li GX,Wang D,Li YS,Jin QH

更新日期：2016-11-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF), oncostatin M (OSM), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-11 (IL-11) are structurally and functionally related cytokines. We compared their survival-promoting activities on embryonic chick and newborn rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurones. Human ...

journal_title：Neuroreport

authors： Simon R,Thier M,Krüttgen A,Rose-John S,Weiergräber O,Heinrich PC,Schröder JM,Weis J

更新日期：1995-12-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Evoked magnetic fields over the entire head were measured during a semantic judgment task, in which conditions of the pre-test learning session were manipulated. Subjects learnt related and unrelated category-noun pairs, and were then asked to judge the relationship between category and noun. Unrelated pairs evoked ac...

journal_title：Neuroreport

authors： Suzuki K,Okuda J,Otsuka Y,Sugawara A,Hatanaka K,Nakasato N,Kanno A,Yoshimoto T,Fujii T,Yamadori A

更新日期：2001-02-12 00:00:00

abstract：:We describe the use of an immunoblotting technique to investigate the potential role of reaction oxygen species in the pathogenesis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Quadriceps femoris muscle biopsy samples were obtained from six patients with Duchenne and six with Becker muscular dystrophy, and from six control subject...

journal_title：Neuroreport

authors： Haycock JW,Mac Neil S,Mantle D

更新日期：1998-07-13 00:00:00

abstract：:24S-hydroxycholesterol, the primary oxidation product of cholesterol in the brain, plays a key role in cholesterol elimination and homeostasis. While the concentration of this neurotoxic oxysterol decreases with age, 24S-hydroxycholesterol is elevated in Alzheimer's disease. In this study, we examined the effects of 2...

journal_title：Neuroreport

authors： Alexandrov P,Cui JG,Zhao Y,Lukiw WJ

更新日期：2005-06-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Network tools have been extensively applied to study the properties of brain functional and anatomical networks. In this paper, resiliency of Caenorhabditis elegans cortical networks against cascaded failures is studied. To this end, directed network formed by chemical connections and undirected network formed by elec...

journal_title：Neuroreport

authors： Jalili M

更新日期：2015-08-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Multiple regression voxel-based morphometry analyses were used to examine the relationship between regional gray matter volumes and neurocognitive performance in 10 patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment and 20 healthy age-matched controls. Cognitive functioning was assessed with seven standardized neuropsyc...

journal_title：Neuroreport

authors： Bonekamp D,Yassa MA,Munro CA,Geckle RJ,Yousem DM,Barker PB,Schretlen DJ,Brandt J,Horská A

更新日期：2010-03-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Selective degeneration of hypothalamic orexin neurons, a hallmark of pathology in narcolepsy patients, is in part reproduced in hypothalamic slice cultures by application of an endogenous excitotoxin quinolinic acid. Depolarized membrane potential may be responsible for the vulnerability of orexin neurons to excitotox...

journal_title：Neuroreport

authors： Katsuki H,Akaike A

更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Differences related to development were investigated using a finger isometric force task in children with cerebral palsy and control children. The increase in force and force control observed in controls did not take place in patients. In the younger subset of patients (< 10 years) the force produced by the non-affect...

journal_title：Neuroreport

authors： Smits-Engelsman BC,Rameckers EA,Duysens J

更新日期：2004-08-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 can lead to neurological complications that range from mild cognitive and motor impairment to HIV-associated dementia (HAD). The mechanism of brain injury and dementia remains poorly understood. Interestingly, post mortem brain specimen from HAD patients and transgen...

journal_title：Neuroreport

authors： Digicaylioglu M,Kaul M,Fletcher L,Dowen R,Lipton SA

更新日期：2004-04-09 00:00:00

abstract：:The distribution and cellular localization of the somatostatin sst2(a) receptor was investigated in selected human brain areas using an anti-peptide antibody raised against a carboxy-terminal portion of the receptor protein. The sst2(a) receptor was found to be present on neurones and processes in the deep layers of t...

journal_title：Neuroreport

authors： Schindler M,Holloway S,Humphrey PP,Waldvogel H,Faull RL,Berger W,Emson PC

更新日期：1998-02-16 00:00:00

abstract：:The distribution of the enzyme NADPH diaphorase in the region of the periaqueductal gray (PAG) was studied in the rat, rabbit, cat, monkey and human. In each species, the enzyme labelled a small band of neurones located below the level of the aqueduct and directly above the supraoculomotor gray in the middle of the an...

journal_title：Neuroreport

authors： Carrive P,Paxinos G

更新日期：1994-11-21 00:00:00

abstract：:(-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is the most abundant polyphenolic extract in green tea and it has attracted increasing attention for its multiple bioactive effects. However, the mechanisms by which EGCG exerts its neuroprotective actions in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are presently lacking. In the present study, a ...

journal_title：Neuroreport

authors： Guo Y,Zhao Y,Nan Y,Wang X,Chen Y,Wang S

更新日期：2017-07-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Levels of mRNAs encoding for the two isoforms of glutamate decarboxylase, GAD67 and GAD65, were quantified in the rat striatum and cerebral cortex following single injections of the non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801. Acute MK-801 induced a dose-dependent decrease in GAD65 mRNA levels in ventral sectors o...

journal_title：Neuroreport

authors： Laprade N,Soghomonian JJ

更新日期：1995-10-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase (HIOMT), is the last enzyme of the melatonin biosynthesis pathway. We have applied immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization to localize HIOMT producing cells, in the chicken epithalamus including the pineal gland. The selectivity of the hybridization signal over melatoninergic ce...

journal_title：Neuroreport

authors： Grève P,Bernard M,Voisin P,Cogné M,Collin JP,Guerlotte J

更新日期：1993-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Integrating information across the senses can enhance our ability to detect and classify stimuli in the environment. For example, auditory speech perception is substantially improved when the speaker's face is visible. In an fMRI study designed to investigate the neural mechanisms underlying these crossmodal behaviour...

journal_title：Neuroreport

authors： Calvert GA,Brammer MJ,Bullmore ET,Campbell R,Iversen SD,David AS

更新日期：1999-08-20 00:00:00

abstract：:We examined effects of trial averaging upon spatial extent, spatial topography, and temporal properties of fMRI activation. Two subjects participated in an event-related visual stimulation design. There was an exponential relation between number of trials and spatial extent, such that additional trials identified, on ...

journal_title：Neuroreport

authors： Huettel SA,McCarthy G

更新日期：2001-08-08 00:00:00

abstract：:The aim of the present study was to determine if both inactivating and non-inactivating potassium currents occur in skeletal muscle cells at early times in culture. Whole cell current was recorded from embryonic muscle cells within 4-10 h of plating. We found that in the cells which had an outward current, half had a ...

journal_title：Neuroreport

authors： Moody-Corbett F,Gilbert R

更新日期：1992-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Satiety signals from the gastrointestinal tract travel via vagal afferents to the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) in the brain stem, the first central relay in a neural network which controls food intake. The non-competitive NMDA antagonist MK-801 facilitates food intake in rats by acting on the NTS. Here we repor...

journal_title：Neuroreport

authors： Qian M,Zhu SW,Johnson AE,Södersten P

更新日期：2000-08-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Although the self-referential effect was widely supported by several previous studies, there was few event-related potential (ERP) evidence for the encoding mechanism of the self-referential effect. The present study employed ERPs to investigate whether the electrophysiological indices of the encoding processing could...

journal_title：Neuroreport

authors： Yang X,Mao X,Han M,Li X,Guo C

更新日期：2019-09-04 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of systemic treatment with 1-aminocyclopro-panecarboxylic acid (ACPC), a partial agonist at the glycine site of the NMDA receptor, on convulsions and neurodegeneration induced by intrahippocampal injection of NMDA was investigated in mice. Five days after intrahippocampal NMDA infusion, 80-100% pyramidal ce...

journal_title：Neuroreport

authors： Zapata A,Capdevila JL,Viu E,Trullas R

更新日期：1996-01-31 00:00:00