Abstract：
:Neurofunctional mechanisms underlying cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) are still not clearly understood. This functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study focused on changes in brain activation as a result of one-session CBT in patients suffering from spider phobia. Twenty-six female spider phobics and 25 non-phobic subjects were presented with spider pictures, generally disgust-inducing, generally fear-inducing and affectively neutral scenes in an initial fMRI session. Afterwards, the patients were randomly assigned to either a therapy group (TG) or a waiting list group (WG). The scans were repeated one week after the treatment or after a one-week waiting period. Relative to the non-phobic participants, the patients displayed increased activation in the amygdala and the fusiform gyrus as well as decreased activation in the medial orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) during the first exposure. The therapy effect consisted of increased medial OFC activity in the TG relative to the WG. Further, therapy-related reductions in experienced somatic anxiety symptoms were positively correlated with activation decreases in the amygdala and the insula. We conclude that successful treatment of spider phobia is primarily accompanied by functional changes of the medial OFC. This brain region is crucial for the self-regulation of emotions and the relearning of stimulus-reinforcement associations.
journal_name
Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosciauthors
Schienle A,Schäfer A,Hermann A,Rohrmann S,Vaitl Ddoi
10.1007/s00406-007-0754-ysubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-12-01 00:00:00pages
486-93issue
8eissn
0940-1334issn
1433-8491journal_volume
257pub_type
杂志文章,随机对照试验abstract：:MAOA and, to a lesser extent, MAOB polymorphisms have been related to aggression traits and suicidality. We aimed to investigate the role of MAOA and MAOB in suicidal versus non-suicidal participants and interactions between genetic variation and suicidal status on aggression and anger-related traits. The sample was c...
journal_title：European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00406-012-0378-8
更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sustainable observations suggest that suicidal behaviour by itself may have biological correlates, among which those related to the serotonergic synapse hold the key position. Based on the association of suicide and serotonergic dysfunction, it was proposed that genetic mechanisms affecting suicidal behaviour could be...
journal_title：European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00406-004-0482-5
更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The aims of this study are threefold: to depict characteristics of homeless at discharge from a psychiatric hospital; to describe the utilisation of inpatient care and treatment measures during hospitalisation; and to analyse to what extent psychiatric disorders and clinical variables contribute to the risk f...
journal_title：European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00406-005-0616-4
更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Advances in psychopathological research advocate a personality-centred model of common mental disorders (CMD). We tested four hypotheses to test such a model. First, personality relates to critical life events; second, both personality and critical life events relate to CMD; third, interaction effects between personal...
journal_title：European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00406-017-0796-8
更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Five cases of acute pandysautonomia and one case of acute autonomic and sensory neuropathy are described with special reference to psychiatric symptoms. They originally presented as psychiatric disorders, such as hysterical neurosis, epilepsy, anorexia nervosa and hypochondriacal neurosis. Psychiatric symptoms arise f...
journal_title：European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02189983
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have recorded postural performance in 50 HIV-infected patients in different stages of the disease (Walter Reed (WR) stages I-VI) by means of a force measuring platform. The results were compared with 50 age-matched controls. A significant instability was particularly evident when standing on an unstable foot suppor...
journal_title：European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02195975
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Apathy is a frequent and debilitating condition with few treatment options available in schizophrenia patients. Despite evidence of its multidimensional structure, most of past studies have explored apathy through a categorical approach. The main objective of this study was to identify the cognitive, emotional, motiva...
journal_title：European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00406-018-0907-1
更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Schizophrenia is a severe neuropsychiatric disease that is associated with neurobiological alterations in multiple brain regions and peripheral organs. Negative symptoms and cognitive deficits are present in about half of patients and are difficult to treat, leading to an unfavorable functional outcome. To investigate...
journal_title：European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00406-019-01025-w
更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cerebrospinal fluid acetylcholinesterase (CSF AChE) was determined for elderly delirious patients during the acute stage and after a 1- and 4-year follow-up periods, and the AChE levels were compared with age-equivalent controls. The AChE levels measured during the index admission correlated with the length of life af...
journal_title：European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02195729
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ability of humans to predict and explain other people's behaviour by attributing independent mental states such as desires and beliefs to them, is considered to be due to our ability to construct a "Theory of Mind". Recently, several neuroimaging studies have implicated the medial frontal lobes as playing a critic...
journal_title：European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00406-006-0676-0
更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It has been suggested that dopaminergic neurotransmission plays important roles for the psychotic symptoms and probably etiology of schizophrenia. In our recent preliminary study, we demonstrated that the specific allele combinations of dopamine-related functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs10770141, rs...
journal_title：European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00406-020-01158-3
更新日期：2020-07-04 00:00:00
abstract：:In the present study, quantitative EEG analysis was performed at rest and during 10 Hz photic stimulation in 14 drug-naive patients with first-episode paranoid schizophrenia and 20 sex- and age-matched control subjects. Compared with the normal controls, the patients had significantly lower alpha-2 band amplitude in t...
journal_title：European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02190377
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Refsum's disease (Heredopathia atactica polyneuritiformis) is caused by accumulation of phytanic acid in all body tissues due to an inherited failure of alpha-oxidation of branched chain fatty acids. Plasmapheresis has been reported to be beneficial by removal of phytanic acid from the blood. We describe a patient wit...
journal_title：European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02191145
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Childhood traumatic experiences, rearing styles, familial mental disorders and birth risk factors have been associated with the development of social anxiety disorder. METHOD:Patients with social anxiety disorder (n=50) and healthy controls (n=120) were investigated using a retrospective interview with 203 q...
journal_title：European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00406-004-0521-2
更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to reexamine and compare the characteristics of the deficit and nondeficit schizophrenic patients. This cross-sectional study consisted of 62 in- and out-patients, 18-65 years of age, diagnosed with schizophrenia according to DSM-IV. The sociodemographic variables, premorbid adjustment, clini...
journal_title：European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00406-003-0434-5
更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Despite the lack of clinical data about the role of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) in affective disorders, preclinical work suggests that the ECS is relevant in both with regard to the etiology of depression as well as the mediation of antidepressant effects. We measured the intraindividual levels of the endocannabi...
journal_title：European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00406-017-0789-7
更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:DTNBP1 is one of the most established susceptibility genes for schizophrenia, and hippocampal volume reduction is one of the major neuropathological findings in this severe disorder. Consistent with these findings, the encoded protein dysbindin-1 has been shown to be diminished in glutamatergic hippocampal neurons in ...
journal_title：European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00406-012-0320-0
更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The objective of this study is to determine whether cannabis influences BDNF levels in patients with psychosis (FEP) and healthy volunteers (HV) to help understand the role of BDNF in psychosis. We assessed the association between BDNF and cannabis in a cohort of FEP antipsychotic-naïve patients and HV, whilst control...
journal_title：European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00406-020-01117-y
更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Mental health is one of the priorities of the European Commission. Studies of the use and cost of mental health facilities are needed in order to improve the planning and efficiey of mental health resources. We analyze the patterns of mental health service use in multiple clinical settings to identify factors a...
journal_title：European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00406-007-0763-x
更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper reports on psychiatric case identification by the application of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (SCID) in a sample of 198 Greek migrants repatriated from western europe in a northwestern province of Greece. The current (1 month) prevalence of psychiatric morbidity, based on the total number...
journal_title：European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/BF02191542
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In recent studies, the glutamate (Glu) level has been quantified using the modified STEAM sequence on 3T MRI. We enrolled 15 healthy volunteers and a group of 51 patients who experienced stroke for the first time and had a good prognosis. The patients with infarction were divided into three groups according to their s...
journal_title：European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00406-011-0209-3
更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This 4-6-year prospective follow-up study compared reactive depressives with (n = 48) and without suicide attempts before index admission (n = 24). Both groups showed a favourable course and outcome concerning psychiatric diagnoses (DSM-III), psychopathology, social integration, and social functioning as well as displ...
journal_title：European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02190337
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In a previous publication we reported lifetime and 3-month prevalence estimates for substance use in two large samples of schizophrenic inpatients (Soyka et al. 1993). A subsequent analysis of psychopathological findings assessed by means of the AMDP Manual (Guy and Ban 1982) in schizophrenic in-patients of the Haar M...
journal_title：European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004060170032
更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Refractory psychosis units currently have little information regarding which symptoms profiles should be expected to respond to treatment. In the current study, we provide this information using structural equation modeling of Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) ratings at admission and discharge on a sample ...
journal_title：European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00406-013-0460-x
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The goal of this study was to identify adverse effects of the atypical neuroleptic clozapine on liver function and lipid metabolism. METHODS:Data which included serum levels of clozapine and its hepatic metabolite N-desmethyl clozapine were collected from medical records of patients treated with clozapine an...
journal_title：European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/pl00007544
更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:All operationalized diagnostic systems contain a diagnostic category, which corresponds to the concept of major depression. Yet, these corresponding definitions are not identical. Up to now, no comprehensive comparisons of the competing diagnoses have been published. We will therefore present a series of studies, desc...
journal_title：European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/BF02189537
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Savoxepine, an atypical neuroleptic compound developed in the 1980s, was believed to act via selective limbic dopamine D(2)-receptor blockade. The results of the presented double-blind, randomised, controlled clinical trial comparing savoxepine (n = 58) with haloperidol (n = 29) did not confirm the preclinical data su...
journal_title：European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00406-002-0364-7
更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In a recent randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we established a robust efficacy (Cohen's d = 2.17) of osmotic release oral system-methylphenidate (OROS-methylphenidate) delivered 72 mg daily for 5 weeks versus placebo on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, global severity and glo...
journal_title：European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00406-012-0317-8
更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Visually scored and power spectral analyses (PSA) of polysomnography (PSG) recordings reveal abnormalities in alcohol dependence (AD) and major depressive disorder (MDD), including deficiencies in slow wave activity (SWA) during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. SWA parameters reflect the integrity of the homeostat...
journal_title：European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00406-011-0195-5
更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study concerns the validation of an instrument, the SAB2, designed to measure child behaviour and to help identify emotional problems which arise because the child has been a victim of child sexual abuse. Clinically disturbed children, mainstream school children and sexually abused youngsters were assessed. Relia...
journal_title：European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02916247
更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
