Abstract：
:The related Axl, Sky and Mer receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are increasingly being implicated in a host of discrete cellular responses including cell survival, proliferation, migration and phagocytosis. Furthermore, their ligands Gas6 and protein S are characteristically dependent on vitamin K for expression of their functions. The Gas6/Axl system is implicated in several types of human cancer as well as inflammatory, autoimmune, vascular and kidney diseases. Each member of the Axl RTK subfamily possesses distinct expression profiles as well as discrete functions. In this article, we review the knowledge so far on the intracellular signalling interactions and pathways concerning each of the Axl RTKs. In this way, we hope to gain a greater understanding of the mechanisms that set each of them apart, and that relay their associated functions.
journal_name
Cytokine Growth Factor Revjournal_title
Cytokine & growth factor reviewsauthors
Hafizi S,Dahlbäck Bdoi
10.1016/j.cytogfr.2006.04.004subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2006-08-01 00:00:00pages
295-304issue
4eissn
1359-6101issn
1879-0305pii
S1359-6101(06)00028-1journal_volume
17pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Prostate cancer (PCa), the most common non-skin cancer in men, is a worldwide health concern. Treatment options for aggressive PCa are limited to androgen deprivation therapies (ADT), which are ineffective, with robust diagnostic options also being limited. The prostate specific antigen (PSA) test, for instance, is su...
journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cytogfr.2012.04.004
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:TGF-beta signaling regulates tumorigenesis and in human cancer its signaling pathways are often modified during tumor progression. Prior to initiation and early during progression TGF-beta acts upon the epithelium as a tumor suppressor, however at later stages it is often a tumor promoter. Over the years, many studies...
journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cytogfr.2005.09.006
更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A decade after the first description of IL-2-deficient mice, the redundancy of IL-2 as a T cell growth factor is well accepted and the focus of research has shifted to the unexpected multiorgan autoimmunity and inflammation observed in mice lacking components of the IL-2/IL-2R system. So far, a set of defects at the l...
journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1359-6101(02)00022-9
更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The WFIKKN (WAP, Follistatin/kazal, Immunoglobulin, Kunitz and Netrin domain-containing) protein family is composed of two multidomain proteins: WFIKKN1 and WFIKKN2. They were formed by domain shuffling and are likely present in deuterostoms. The WFIKKN (also called GASP) proteins are well known for their function in ...
journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cytogfr.2016.06.003
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cytokines coordinate the activities of innate and adaptive immune systems and the Interleukin 12 (IL-12) family of cytokines has emerged as critical regulators of immunity in infectious and autoimmune diseases. While some members (IL-12 and IL-23) are associated with the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases, ...
journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cytogfr.2015.07.013
更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A family of latent cytoplasmic transcription factors termed Stats are activated by a variety of cytokines, and are then translocated into the nucleus where they activate transcription. Recent advances in nuclear protein import have shown that the extracellular signal-dependent nuclear import of Stat1 is mediated via c...
journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1359-6101(98)00012-4
更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The TNF signaling pathway is a valuable target in the therapy of autoimmune diseases, and anti-TNF drugs are successfully used to treat diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease and psoriasis. By their ability to interfere with inflammatory processes at multiple levels, these TNF blockers have become inva...
journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cytogfr.2011.09.004
更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Human Interleukin (IL)-11 is a multifunctional cytokine, recognized for its thrombopoietic effects for more than two decades; clinically, IL-11 is used in the treatment of thrombocytopenia. IL-11 shares structural and functional similarities with IL-6, a related family member. In recent years, there has been a renewed...
journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cytogfr.2016.06.002
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The exposure of cells to TGF-beta1 can trigger a variety of cellular responses including the inhibition of cell growth, migration, differentiation and apoptosis. TGF-beta1-regulated apoptosis is cell type and context-dependent, indeed TGF-beta1 provides signals for both cell survival or apoptosis. The molecular mechan...
journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cytogfr.2004.11.002
更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Members of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) family regulate fundamental physiological process, such as cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis. As a result, defects in this pathway have been linked to uncontrolled proliferation and cancer progression. Here we explore the signal transduction mechanism of TGF...
journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cytogfr.2013.04.006
更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Wnt signaling pathway is conserved in various species from worms to mammals, and plays important roles in development, cellular proliferation, and differentiation. The molecular mechanisms by which the Wnt signal regulates cellular functions are becoming increasingly well understood. Wnt stabilizes cytoplasmic bet...
journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1359-6101(99)00017-9
更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The discovery of the Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling (SOCS) family of proteins has resulted in a significant body of research dedicated to dissecting their biological functions and the molecular mechanisms by which they achieve potent and specific inhibition of cytokine and growth factor signaling. The Australian con...
journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cytogfr.2013.03.005
更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Microbial nucleic acids induce potent innate immune responses by stimulating the expression of type I interferons. Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) is a cytosolic dsDNA sensor mediating the innate immunity to microbial DNA. cGAS is activated by dsDNA and catalyze the synthesis of a cyclic dinucleotide cGAMP with 2',5' a...
journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cytogfr.2014.06.006
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Interferon-beta (IFN-beta) is routinely prescribed as an immunomodulatory treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS), but is associated with variable clinical efficacy. Ideally an early predictor of response status would allow more rational provision of this therapy. Both pharmacogenomic and expression analysis have highli...
journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cytogfr.2007.04.012
更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:When T-lymphocytes (CD4+, CD8+, or TCR gamma delta +) and NK cells proliferate in vivo or in vitro in response to exposure to antigen or other stimuli, they often segregate into subsets with the ability to produce either type-1 [interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-2 (IL-2)] or type-2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL...
journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/1359-6101(96)00018-4
更新日期：1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Eph receptors are the largest receptor tyrosine kinase family of transmembrane proteins with an extracellular domain capable of recognizing signals from the cells' environment and influencing cell-cell interaction and cell migration. Ephrins are the ligands to Eph receptors and stimulate bi-directional signaling of th...
journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cytogfr.2004.09.002
更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ectodysplasin (Eda), a signaling molecule belonging to the tumor necrosis factor family, is required for normal development of several ectodermally derived organs in humans and mice. Two closely related isoforms of ectodysplasin, Eda-A1 and Eda-A2, have been described which bind to and activate two different receptors...
journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1359-6101(03)00020-0
更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cancer immunotherapy using tumor-selective, oncolytic viruses is an emerging therapeutic option for solid and hematologic malignancies. A considerable variety of viruses ranging from small picornaviruses to large poxviruses are currently being investigated as potential candidates. In the early days of virotherapy, non...
journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.07.005
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The interleukin-6 cytokine family plays roles in a wide variety of tissues and organs, including the immune hematopoietic and nervous systems. Gp130 is a signal-transducing subunit shared by the receptors for the IL-6 family of cytokines. The binding of a ligand to its receptor induces the dimerization of gp130, leadi...
journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1359-6101(98)80005-1
更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:MicroRNAs are involved in multiple pathophysiological networks and in the pathogenesis of a broad spectrum of human disorders, including cancer and inflammatory diseases. Impaired linear growth is encountered in children with chronic inflammatory conditions such as cystic fibrosis, inflammatory bowel diseases, juvenil...
journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cytogfr.2017.12.004
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Osteopontin (Opn) is a multifunctional protein independently discovered by investigators from diverse scientific backgrounds and implicated in a broad array of pathological processes. Opn exists both intra- and extracellularly and in numerous pre- and post-translational isoforms. Structurally Opn resembles a matrix pr...
journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1359-6101(03)00055-8
更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) outbreak caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) had turned out to be highly pathogenic and transmittable. Researchers throughout the globe are still struggling to understand this strain's aggressiveness in search of putative therapies for its contro...
journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.08.002
更新日期：2020-08-25 00:00:00
abstract：:Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been described as being able to give rise to several quite different mesenchymal cell phenotypes. However, the ability to differentiate is not the only characteristic that makes these cells attractive for therapeutic purposes. The secretion of a broad range of bioactive molecules by ...
journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cytogfr.2009.10.002
更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although initially identified and best characterized for their role in innate antiviral defence, type I interferons (IFN-I) are also known to have an important impact on the adaptive immune response. In part, this is linked to another long-recognised property of IFN-I, namely their ability to modify cellular prolifera...
journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cytogfr.2010.05.002
更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:TNF is an exciting cytokine which has helped to establish many paradigms in immunology. Although TNF itself has found only very limited use in the clinic, anti-cytokine therapy, which targets this single molecule, has enjoyed astounding success in treatment of a growing number of human diseases. However, since TNF med...
journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cytogfr.2008.04.010
更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Scatter Factors are two homologous proteins, named Scatter Factor/Hepatocyte Growth Factor and Macrophage Stimulating Protein. Their receptors are the products of two oncogenes, Met and Ron, respectively. The Scatter Factors induce movement, stimulate proliferation, regulate apoptosis and are morphogenic, i.e. ope...
journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cytogfr.2009.01.004
更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Viral infection is detected by cellular sensors as foreign nucleic acid and initiates innate antiviral responses, including the activation of type I interferon (IFN) and proinflammatory cytokines. Recent advances in cytoplasmic virus sensors highlight their essential role in the induction of innate immunity. Moreover,...
journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cytogfr.2007.06.023
更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Liver pathologies (fibrosis, cirrhosis, alcoholic, non-alcoholic diseases and hepatocellular carcinoma) represent one of the most common causes of death worldwide. A number of genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of liver diseases. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine, exerting var...
journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cytogfr.2018.01.002
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The induction of hundreds of Interferon Stimulated Genes (ISGs) subsequent to virus infection generates an antiviral state that functions to restrict virus growth at multiple steps of their replication cycles. In the context of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1), ISGs also possess antiviral functions, but some ISG...
journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cytogfr.2018.03.007
更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The current pandemic outbreak of COVID-19 originated from Wuhan, China. It is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with significant mortality and morbidity rate. The severe risk factors are commonly detected in patients of older age and with medical comorbidities like cancer and d...
journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.05.001
更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00
