Abstract：
:The induction of hundreds of Interferon Stimulated Genes (ISGs) subsequent to virus infection generates an antiviral state that functions to restrict virus growth at multiple steps of their replication cycles. In the context of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1), ISGs also possess antiviral functions, but some ISGs show proapoptotic or proviral activity. One of the most studied ISGs, the RNA activated Protein Kinase (PKR), shuts down the viral protein synthesis upon activation. HIV-1 has evolved to evade its inhibition by PKR through viral and cellular mechanisms. One of the cellular mechanisms is the induction of another ISG, the Adenosine Deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1). ADAR1 promotes viral replication by acting as an RNA sensing inhibitor, by editing viral RNA and by inhibiting PKR. This review challenges the orthodox dogma of ISGs as antiviral proteins, by demonstrating that two ISGs have opposing and clashing effects on viral replication.
journal_name
Cytokine Growth Factor Revjournal_title
Cytokine & growth factor reviewsauthors
Radetskyy R,Daher A,Gatignol Adoi
10.1016/j.cytogfr.2018.03.007subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-04-01 00:00:00pages
48-58eissn
1359-6101issn
1879-0305pii
S1359-6101(18)30032-7journal_volume
40pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:The evolutionally conserved transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) affects multiple cell types in the immune system by either stimulating or inhibiting their differentiation and function. Studies using transgenic mice with ablation of TGFβ or its receptor have revealed the biological significance of TGFβ signaling in the...
journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cytogfr.2014.07.014
更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The BMP signaling pathway controls a number of cell processes during development and in adult tissues. At the cellular level, ligands of the BMP family act by binding a hetero-tetrameric signaling complex, composed of two type I and two type II receptors. BMP ligands make use of a limited number of receptors, which in...
journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cytogfr.2009.10.008
更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:S100A7 (psoriasin), an EF-hand type calcium binding protein localized in epithelial cells, regulates cell proliferation and differentiation. An S100A7 overexpression may occur in response to inflammatory stimuli, such in psoriasis, a chronic inflammatory autoimmune-mediated skin disease. Increasing evidence suggests t...
journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cytogfr.2016.01.002
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Normal signaling by TGFbeta, in the absence of serum or exogenous factors, involves a rapid activation of Ras, Erks, and Sapks in proliferating cultures of TGFbeta-sensitive untransformed epithelial cells and human carcinoma cells. Expression of either RasN17 or dominant-negative (DN) MKK4, or addition of the MEK1 inh...
journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1359-6101(99)00026-x
更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fibroblast growth factors 1 and 2 (FGF1 and FGF2) are mainly considered as ligands of surface receptors through which they regulate a broad spectrum of biological processes. They are secreted in non-canonical way and, unlike other growth factors, they are able to translocate from the endosome to the cell interior. The...
journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.05.004
更新日期：2020-05-18 00:00:00
abstract：:MicroRNAs are involved in multiple pathophysiological networks and in the pathogenesis of a broad spectrum of human disorders, including cancer and inflammatory diseases. Impaired linear growth is encountered in children with chronic inflammatory conditions such as cystic fibrosis, inflammatory bowel diseases, juvenil...
journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cytogfr.2017.12.004
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) is the most extensively studied member of the cytokine family that signal through intracellular chains of the gp130/LIFRβ receptor. The severe phenotype in patients suffering from mutations inactivating LIFRβ indicates that members of this cytokine family play key, non-redundant role...
journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cytogfr.2015.07.007
更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritic disease, leading to disability and impaired quality of life and no curative treatments exist. Increasing evidence indicates that low-grade inflammation plays a pivotal role in the onset and progression of OA. In this review, we summarize emerging findings on the...
journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cytogfr.2019.03.004
更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Apo2 ligand or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (Apo2L/TRAIL) is one of several members of the TNF gene superfamily that induce apoptosis through engagement of death receptors. Apo2L/TRAIL is unusual as compared to any other cytokine as it interacts with a complex system of receptors: two ...
journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1359-6101(03)00029-7
更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The role of infectious agents in the development of cancer is well documented. The pathogenesis of various human neoplasms ranging from non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) to cervical carcinoma frequently involves a chronic, most often viral, infection. At the same time, there is compelling evidence that certain acute infectio...
journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1359-6101(02)00071-0
更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cancer immunotherapy using tumor-selective, oncolytic viruses is an emerging therapeutic option for solid and hematologic malignancies. A considerable variety of viruses ranging from small picornaviruses to large poxviruses are currently being investigated as potential candidates. In the early days of virotherapy, non...
journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.07.005
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Activated phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/Protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) signalling with increased or reduced mTOR and GSK3β activity influences the wound repair process. Diabetic wounds, usually ulcerated, are characterised by reduced growth factors and cellular performance. The occurrence of diabetic ulcers is linked to ...
journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cytogfr.2019.03.001
更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Despite advances in therapies that target inflammation and tissue destruction in chronic arthritis, stimulation of tissue repair and restoration of joint function, the ultimate goal of treatment, is far from achieved. We introduce a new paradigm that may help to improve our understanding and management of chronic arth...
journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cytogfr.2005.02.009
更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Wnt signaling pathway is conserved in various species from worms to mammals, and plays important roles in development, cellular proliferation, and differentiation. The molecular mechanisms by which the Wnt signal regulates cellular functions are becoming increasingly well understood. Wnt stabilizes cytoplasmic bet...
journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1359-6101(99)00017-9
更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:IL-26 is classified as a member of the IL-10 cytokine family because it has limited sequence homology to IL-10 and the IL-10-related cytokines. The human IL-26 gene, IL26, is located on chromosome 12q15 between the genes for two other important class-2 cytokines, IFNG (IFN-γ) and IL22 (IL-22). IL-26 is often co-expres...
journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cytogfr.2010.09.001
更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Concern regarding safety with respect to the clinical use of human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) has become an increasingly controversial topic. The role of BMP-2 in carcinogenesis is of particular concern. Although there have been many studies of this topic, the results have been contradictory and confusing. W...
journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cytogfr.2017.01.002
更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) is a severe inflammatory childhood disorder, characterized by a specific pattern of systemic features and a typical cytokine profile. Patients are at risk to develop macrophage activation syndrome (MAS), an acute life-threatening condition defined by excessive proliferatio...
journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cytogfr.2014.05.005
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:TNF is an exciting cytokine which has helped to establish many paradigms in immunology. Although TNF itself has found only very limited use in the clinic, anti-cytokine therapy, which targets this single molecule, has enjoyed astounding success in treatment of a growing number of human diseases. However, since TNF med...
journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cytogfr.2008.04.010
更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fibrosis leads to destruction of organ architecture accompanied by chronic inflammation and loss of function. Fibrosis affects nearly every organ in the body and accounts for ∼45% of total deaths worldwide. Over the past decade, tremendous progress has been made in understanding the basic mechanisms leading to organ f...
journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.08.004
更新日期：2020-08-30 00:00:00
abstract：:The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) outbreak caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) had turned out to be highly pathogenic and transmittable. Researchers throughout the globe are still struggling to understand this strain's aggressiveness in search of putative therapies for its contro...
journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.08.002
更新日期：2020-08-25 00:00:00
abstract：:Oncostatin M (OSM) and interleukin-31 (IL-31) are two cytokines belonging to the IL-6 family which share a common signaling receptor subunit, the OSM receptor beta (OSMRβ). Both of them are released by monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells and T lymphocytes in inflammatory situations and upon binding to their respect...
journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cytogfr.2015.07.006
更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The cyclins are a family of proteins that are centrally involved in cell cycle regulation and which are structurally identified by conserved "cyclin box" regions. They are regulatory subunits of holoenzyme cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) complexes controlling progression through cell cycle checkpoints by phosphorylating...
journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1359-6101(00)00018-6
更新日期：2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF), which belongs to the EGF-family growth factors, is synthesized as a membrane-anchored form (proHB-EGF). Proteolytic cleavage of proHB-EGF at the extracellular domain yields the soluble form of HB-EGF (sHB-EGF). ProHB-EGF is not only the precursor molecule for sHB-EGF bu...
journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1359-6101(00)00013-7
更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Multiple myeloma is characterized by slowly growing clones of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow. The malignant state is frequently accompanied by osteolytic bone disease due to a disturbed balance between osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are present in the bone marrow and are imp...
journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cytogfr.2014.04.009
更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Since its discovery, SUMOylation has emerged as a key post-translational modification involved in the regulation of host-virus interactions. SUMOylation has been associated with the replication of a large number of viruses, either through the direct modification of viral proteins or through the modulation of cellular ...
journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cytogfr.2016.04.003
更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fortepren(®), a product of the phosphorylation of polyprenols from fir needles (with sodium polyprenyl phosphate being the main active ingredient), belongs to the class of antiviral drugs with immunomodulating activity. Fortepren(®) may be used as the drug of choice in the treatment of herpes diseases. It was shown th...
journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cytogfr.2016.04.001
更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cellular adhesion molecules (CAMs) play an essential role in tethering circulating leukocytes to the vascular endothelium at sites of inflammation. They are also instrumental in enabling leukocytes to transmigrate from blood vessels into adjacent inflamed tissues. In the absence of signals to stimulate expression of C...
journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1359-6101(98)00024-0
更新日期：1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cells in vivo do not act in isolation. Therefore, when attempting to predict the results of pharmaceutical modulation of the function of a protein, we must also take into account the non-cell-autonomous consequences of such modulation. Studies of caspase-8 initially indicated that it serves as the proximal enzyme in c...
journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.cytogfr.2008.04.012
更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Interest in the biology of white adipose tissue (WAT) has increased dramatically since the discovery of leptin in 1994. The identification of the product of the gene obese (ob) threw light on the role of adipose tissue in the physiopathology of obesity-related diseases, and spurred the identification of numerous other...
journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cytogfr.2007.04.007
更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), the genetic material for many RNA viruses, induces robust host immune responses via pattern recognition receptors, which include Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), retinoic acid-inducible gene-I-like receptors (RLRs) and the multi-protein NLRP3 inflammasome complex. The engagement of dsRNA recep...
journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cytogfr.2011.02.001
更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00
