Abstract：
:Prostate cancer (PCa), the most common non-skin cancer in men, is a worldwide health concern. Treatment options for aggressive PCa are limited to androgen deprivation therapies (ADT), which are ineffective, with robust diagnostic options also being limited. The prostate specific antigen (PSA) test, for instance, is subject to high levels of false positive results and cannot distinguish between cancer confined to the prostate and aggressive metastatic cancer. As such, additional therapeutic and diagnostic options are urgently required. In recent years, a clear association between activins and prostate cancer has become evident. Activins are members of the TGF-β superfamily and are responsible for a plethora of physiological processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, immune surveillance, embryonic development, and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) regulation. Activin A normally inhibits cancer development and progression, however, cancer cell growth in high-grade PCa is not inhibited by this protein. The mechanism for this apparent acquired capability to resist activin A-mediated growth inhibition is currently not well understood. Thus, the aim of this review is to analyse the role of activin A in PCa progression and to present mechanisms by which transformed cells may escape its effects. The overarching hypothesis is that insensitivity to the growth inhibitory effects of activin A is an acquired capability in PCa progression. Therefore, local and genetic elements that may be responsible for this change in cellular sensitivity to activin A during cancer progression will be highlighted with a view to identifying potential diagnostic or therapeutic targets.
journal_name
Cytokine Growth Factor Revjournal_title
Cytokine & growth factor reviewsauthors
Ottley E,Gold Edoi
10.1016/j.cytogfr.2012.04.004subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-06-01 00:00:00pages
119-25issue
3eissn
1359-6101issn
1879-0305pii
S1359-6101(12)00019-6journal_volume
23pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Despite advances in therapies that target inflammation and tissue destruction in chronic arthritis, stimulation of tissue repair and restoration of joint function, the ultimate goal of treatment, is far from achieved. We introduce a new paradigm that may help to improve our understanding and management of chronic arth...
journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cytogfr.2005.02.009
更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), the genetic material for many RNA viruses, induces robust host immune responses via pattern recognition receptors, which include Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), retinoic acid-inducible gene-I-like receptors (RLRs) and the multi-protein NLRP3 inflammasome complex. The engagement of dsRNA recep...
journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cytogfr.2011.02.001
更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Th17 cells are a recently discovered subset of T helper cells characterised by the release of IL-17, and are thought to be important for mobilization of immune responses against microbial pathogens, but which also contribute to the development of autoimmune diseases. The identification of C-type lectin receptors which...
journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cytogfr.2010.10.001
更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Activins are transforming growth factor beta superfamily members, which were originally identified as inducers of follicle-stimulating hormone release from the pituitary. In recent years, however, additional functions of activins have been discovered, including a role in the morphogenesis of various tissues and organs...
journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cytogfr.2006.01.001
更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tuberculosis is a global health calamity. The causative agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis), has evolved elaborate survival mechanisms in humans, allowing it to remain in a clinically latent infection state, constantly engaging the immune system, with the possibility to progress to active disease. Auto...
journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cytogfr.2013.01.002
更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sclerosteosis and Van Buchem disease are two closely related bone disorders characterized by progressive bone thickening due to increased bone formation. Sclerosteosis is associated with mutations in the SOST gene and Van Buchem disease with a 52 kb deletion downstream of the SOST gene that probably affects transcript...
journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cytogfr.2005.02.005
更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The wider use of allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) is still limited by the immunologic recognition and destruction of host tissues, termed graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). The role of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha and IL-1, and their impact on immune effectors (mainly CD4+ and CD8+ T) cells h...
journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cytogfr.2007.10.010
更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vaccination, the revolutionary prophylactic immunotherapy developed in the eighteenth century, has become the most successful and cost-effective of medical remedies available to modern society. Due to the remarkable accomplishments of the past century, the number of diseases and pathogens for which a traditional vacci...
journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cytogfr.2011.07.001
更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) is the most extensively studied member of the cytokine family that signal through intracellular chains of the gp130/LIFRβ receptor. The severe phenotype in patients suffering from mutations inactivating LIFRβ indicates that members of this cytokine family play key, non-redundant role...
journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cytogfr.2015.07.007
更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The 22 members of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family of growth factors mediate their cellular responses by binding to and activating the different isoforms encoded by the four receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) designated FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3 and FGFR4. Unlike other growth factors, FGFs act in concert with heparin...
journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cytogfr.2005.01.001
更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:S100A7 (psoriasin), an EF-hand type calcium binding protein localized in epithelial cells, regulates cell proliferation and differentiation. An S100A7 overexpression may occur in response to inflammatory stimuli, such in psoriasis, a chronic inflammatory autoimmune-mediated skin disease. Increasing evidence suggests t...
journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cytogfr.2016.01.002
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A tumor is defined as a group of cancer cells and 'surrounding' stromal bio-entities. Alongside the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the tumor microenvironment (TME), the stromal cells play key roles in cancer affliction and progression. Carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in the area of the tumor, whether activated ...
journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cytogfr.2019.03.002
更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Wnt signaling pathway is conserved in various species from worms to mammals, and plays important roles in development, cellular proliferation, and differentiation. The molecular mechanisms by which the Wnt signal regulates cellular functions are becoming increasingly well understood. Wnt stabilizes cytoplasmic bet...
journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1359-6101(99)00017-9
更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cancer immunotherapy using tumor-selective, oncolytic viruses is an emerging therapeutic option for solid and hematologic malignancies. A considerable variety of viruses ranging from small picornaviruses to large poxviruses are currently being investigated as potential candidates. In the early days of virotherapy, non...
journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.07.005
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Clinical intervention in patients with corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has demonstrated a strong upregulation of cytokine production in patients who are critically ill with SARS-CoV2-induced pneumonia. In a retrospective study of 41 patients with COVID-19, most patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection developed mild sy...
journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.04.002
更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Microbial nucleic acids induce potent innate immune responses by stimulating the expression of type I interferons. Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) is a cytosolic dsDNA sensor mediating the innate immunity to microbial DNA. cGAS is activated by dsDNA and catalyze the synthesis of a cyclic dinucleotide cGAMP with 2',5' a...
journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cytogfr.2014.06.006
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Serine/Arginine splicing factor 1 (SRSF1) is an RNA binding protein abundantly expressed in most tissues. The pleiotropic functions of SRSF1 exert multiple roles in gene expression by regulating major steps in transcription, processing, export through the nuclear pores and translation of nascent RNA transcripts. The a...
journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.10.008
更新日期：2020-11-02 00:00:00
abstract：:Ectodysplasin (Eda), a signaling molecule belonging to the tumor necrosis factor family, is required for normal development of several ectodermally derived organs in humans and mice. Two closely related isoforms of ectodysplasin, Eda-A1 and Eda-A2, have been described which bind to and activate two different receptors...
journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1359-6101(03)00020-0
更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A decade after the first description of IL-2-deficient mice, the redundancy of IL-2 as a T cell growth factor is well accepted and the focus of research has shifted to the unexpected multiorgan autoimmunity and inflammation observed in mice lacking components of the IL-2/IL-2R system. So far, a set of defects at the l...
journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1359-6101(02)00022-9
更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A unique population of CD4(+) T lymphocytes that constitutively express CD25 has been recognized as anergic/suppressor cells. While the immunosuppressive activity of these CD4(+)CD25(+) cells has been validated and implicated in tolerance, autoimmunity, transplantation, cancer and infectious diseases, the mechanism(s)...
journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1359-6101(03)00003-0
更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The interleukin-6 cytokine family plays roles in a wide variety of tissues and organs, including the immune hematopoietic and nervous systems. Gp130 is a signal-transducing subunit shared by the receptors for the IL-6 family of cytokines. The binding of a ligand to its receptor induces the dimerization of gp130, leadi...
journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1359-6101(98)80005-1
更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A number of cell surface growth factor receptors are subject to presenilin-dependent regulated intramembrane proteolysis (PS-RIP) after ligand binding and/or ectodomain cleavage. PS-RIP is mediated by a highly conserved multi-component membrane-bound protease, termed gamma-secretase, responsible for generating Alzheim...
journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cytogfr.2004.04.001
更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The WFIKKN (WAP, Follistatin/kazal, Immunoglobulin, Kunitz and Netrin domain-containing) protein family is composed of two multidomain proteins: WFIKKN1 and WFIKKN2. They were formed by domain shuffling and are likely present in deuterostoms. The WFIKKN (also called GASP) proteins are well known for their function in ...
journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cytogfr.2016.06.003
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cytokines and vitamins play a central role in controlling neoplastic cell growth. The interferon (IFN) family of cytokines regulates antiviral, anti-tumor, antimicrobial, differentiation, and immune responses in mammals. Significant advances have been made with respect to IFN-induced signal transduction pathways and a...
journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cytogfr.2004.01.002
更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Detection of invading pathogens by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) is crucial for the activation of the innate immune response. These sensors signal through intertwining signaling cascades which result in the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and type I interferons. Conjugation, or binding, of ubiquitin an...
journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cytogfr.2012.08.003
更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dendritic cells (DCs) are powerful sensors of foreign pathogens as well as cancer cells and provide the first line of defence against infection. They also serve as a major link between innate and adaptive immunity. Immature DCs respond to incoming danger signals and undergo maturation to produce high levels of proinfl...
journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cytogfr.2007.06.008
更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) outbreak caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) had turned out to be highly pathogenic and transmittable. Researchers throughout the globe are still struggling to understand this strain's aggressiveness in search of putative therapies for its contro...
journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.08.002
更新日期：2020-08-25 00:00:00
abstract：:Osteopontin (Opn) is a multifunctional protein independently discovered by investigators from diverse scientific backgrounds and implicated in a broad array of pathological processes. Opn exists both intra- and extracellularly and in numerous pre- and post-translational isoforms. Structurally Opn resembles a matrix pr...
journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1359-6101(03)00055-8
更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The role of infectious agents in the development of cancer is well documented. The pathogenesis of various human neoplasms ranging from non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) to cervical carcinoma frequently involves a chronic, most often viral, infection. At the same time, there is compelling evidence that certain acute infectio...
journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1359-6101(02)00071-0
更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this short review, we summarize how insights into the structure and dynamics of interferon-receptor complex assembly and activation guided the design of a novel class of engineered type I interferons that combine a largely lost potency on non-targeted cells with high activity on targeted cells. These novel interfer...
journal_title：Cytokine & growth factor reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cytogfr.2014.10.006
更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00
