Abstract：
:Recent identification of new selenocysteine-containing proteins has revealed relationships between the two trace elements selenium (Se) and iodine and the hormone network. Several selenoproteins participate in the protection of thyrocytes from damage by H(2)O(2) produced for thyroid hormone biosynthesis. Iodothyronine deiodinases are selenoproteins contributing to systemic or local thyroid hormone homeostasis. The Se content in endocrine tissues (thyroid, adrenals, pituitary, testes, ovary) is higher than in many other organs. Nutritional Se depletion results in retention, whereas Se repletion is followed by a rapid accumulation of Se in endocrine tissues, reproductive organs, and the brain. Selenoproteins such as thioredoxin reductases constitute the link between the Se metabolism and the regulation of transcription by redox sensitive ligand-modulated nuclear hormone receptors. Hormones and growth factors regulate the expression of selenoproteins and, conversely, Se supply modulates hormone actions. Selenoproteins are involved in bone metabolism as well as functions of the endocrine pancreas and adrenal glands. Furthermore, spermatogenesis depends on adequate Se supply, whereas Se excess may impair ovarian function. Comparative analysis of the genomes of several life forms reveals that higher mammals contain a limited number of identical genes encoding newly detected selenocysteine-containing proteins.
journal_name
Endocr Revjournal_title
Endocrine reviewsauthors
Köhrle J,Jakob F,Contempré B,Dumont JEdoi
10.1210/er.2001-0034subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-12-01 00:00:00pages
944-84issue
7eissn
0163-769Xissn
1945-7189pii
er.2001-0034journal_volume
26pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Many hormones, growth factors, and cytokines regulate proliferation of their target cells. Perhaps the most universal signaling cascades required for proliferative responses are those initiated by transient rises in intracellular calcium (Ca(2+)). The major intracellular receptor for Ca(2+) is calmodulin (CaM). CaM is...
journal_title：Endocrine reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1210/er.2003-0008
更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Disruption of the GH receptor (GHR) gene eliminates GH-induced intracellular signaling and, thus, its biological actions. Therefore, the GHR gene disrupted mouse (GHR-/-) has been and is a valuable tool for helping to define various parameters of GH physiology. Since its creation in 1995, this mouse strain has been us...
journal_title：Endocrine reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1210/er.2010-0009
更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rapid effects of steroid hormones result from the actions of specific receptors localized most often to the plasma membrane. Fast-acting membrane-initiated steroid signaling (MISS) leads to the modification of existing proteins and cell behaviors. Rapid steroid-triggered signaling through calcium, amine release, and k...
journal_title：Endocrine reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1210/er.2007-0022
更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Estrogens are essential for normal reproductive function. In addition, they exert important, complex, and diverse nonreproductive actions on multiple tissues. Although accumulating evidence from basic science studies using animal models suggests that estradiol plays a critical neuroprotective role against multiple typ...
journal_title：Endocrine reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1210/er.2004-0014
更新日期：2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is well established that the organ damage that complicates human diabetes is caused by prolonged hyperglycemia, but the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which high levels of glucose cause tissue damage in humans are still not fully understood. The prevalent hypothesis explaining the mechanisms that may underlie...
journal_title：Endocrine reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1210/er.2014-1099
更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Teeth are mineralized organs composed of three unique hard tissues, enamel, dentin, and cementum, and supported by the surrounding alveolar bone. Although odontogenesis differs from osteogenesis in several respects, tooth mineralization is susceptible to similar developmental failures as bone. Here we discuss conditio...
journal_title：Endocrine reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1210/er.2013-1009
更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To allow selection of embryos for transfer after in vitro fertilization, ovarian stimulation is usually carried out with exogenous gonadotropins. To compensate for changes induced by stimulation, GnRH analog cotreatment, oral contraceptive pretreatment, late follicular phase human chorionic gonadotropin, and luteal ph...
journal_title：Endocrine reviews
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1210/er.2005-0015
更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Normal reproductive function in mammals requires precise control of LH synthesis and secretion by gonadotropes of the anterior pituitary. Synthesis of LH requires expression of two genes [alpha-glycoprotein subunit (alphaGSU) and LHbeta] located on different chromosomes. Hormones from the hypothalamus and gonads modul...
journal_title：Endocrine reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1210/er.2003-0029
更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is a large body of literature showing that prolactin (PRL) exerts growth-promoting activities in breast cancer, and possibly in prostate cancer and prostate hyperplasia. In addition, increasing evidence argues for the involvement of locally produced (autocrine) PRL, perhaps even more than pituitary-secreted (end...
journal_title：Endocrine reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1210/er.2004-0016
更新日期：2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Insulin signaling plays a physiological role in traditional insulin target tissues controlling glucose homeostasis as well as in pancreatic β-cells and in the endothelium. Insulin signaling abnormalities may, therefore, be pathogenic for insulin resistance, impaired insulin secretion, endothelial dysfunction, and even...
journal_title：Endocrine reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1210/er.2011-1042
更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Natriuretic peptides are a family of structurally related but genetically distinct hormones/paracrine factors that regulate blood volume, blood pressure, ventricular hypertrophy, pulmonary hypertension, fat metabolism, and long bone growth. The mammalian members are atrial natriuretic peptide, B-type natriuretic pepti...
journal_title：Endocrine reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1210/er.2005-0014
更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ovary and uterus undergo extensive tissue remodeling throughout each reproductive cycle. This remodeling of the extracellular environment is dependent upon the cyclic hormonal changes associated with each estrous or menstrual cycle. In the ovary, tissue remodeling is requisite for growth and expansion of the folli...
journal_title：Endocrine reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1210/er.2002-0005
更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Iodine deficiency has multiple adverse effects in humans, termed iodine deficiency disorders, due to inadequate thyroid hormone production. Globally, it is estimated that 2 billion individuals have an insufficient iodine intake, and South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa are particularly affected. However, about 50% of Eur...
journal_title：Endocrine reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1210/er.2009-0011
更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) is a complex disease process presumed to emerge from autoimmunity occurring in the thyroid gland, most frequently in Graves disease (GD). It is disfiguring and potentially blinding, culminating in orbital tissue remodeling and disruption of function of structures adjacent to the...
journal_title：Endocrine reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1210/er.2018-00066
更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hormones and cytokines regulate many cellular functions by activating the ubiquitous cAMP-dependent protein kinase (A kinase) system. Newly synthesized cAMP molecules bind to regulatory (R) subunits in A kinase holoenzymes, causing them to release their catalytic (C) subunits. These free C subunits then phosphorylate ...
journal_title：Endocrine reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1210/edrv-14-5-632
更新日期：1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We applied decision analysis to the controversy over the management of the solitary nonfunctioning thyroid nodule. Three standard management plans were considered: immediate subtotal thyroidectomy; a six month trial of thyroid suppression with L-thyroxine, with non-suppressible lesions being removed surgically; and as...
journal_title：Endocrine reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1210/edrv-5-2-185
更新日期：1984-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) was hypothesized to result from functional ovarian hyperandrogenism (FOH) due to dysregulation of androgen secretion in 1989-1995. Subsequent studies have supported and amplified this hypothesis. When defined as otherwise unexplained hyperandrogenic oligoanovulation, two-thirds of PCOS...
journal_title：Endocrine reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1210/er.2015-1104
更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bile acids derived from cholesterol and oxysterols derived from cholesterol and bile acid synthesis pathways are signaling molecules that regulate cholesterol homeostasis in mammals. Many nuclear receptors play pivotal roles in the regulation of bile acid and cholesterol metabolism. Bile acids activate the farnesoid X...
journal_title：Endocrine reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1210/er.2000-0035
更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The secretion of glucocorticoids (GCs) is a classic endocrine response to stress. Despite that, it remains controversial as to what purpose GCs serve at such times. One view, stretching back to the time of Hans Selye, posits that GCs help mediate the ongoing or pending stress response, either via basal levels of GCs p...
journal_title：Endocrine reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1210/edrv.21.1.0389
更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In recent years, ovarian tissue cryopreservation has rapidly developed as a successful method for preserving the fertility of girls and young women with cancer or benign conditions requiring gonadotoxic therapy, and is now becoming widely recognized as an effective alternative to oocyte and embryo freezing when not fe...
journal_title：Endocrine reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1210/endrev/bnaa020
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The integrity of the Tg structure as a protein is essential for adequate synthesis of thyroid hormone. Also a large supply of iodine and of thyroid hormone is stored into the Tg molecule and available for secretion on demand. Mutations in Tg gene or hyposialylated Tg due to a defective sialyltransferase activity would...
journal_title：Endocrine reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1210/edrv-14-2-165
更新日期：1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cells from the chorionic girdle of the equine trophoblast invade the maternal endometrium at day 36 of gestation and become established as secretory elements known as the endometrial cups. These structures, which persist for 40-60 days, produce a gonadotropin which can be found in circulation until about day 130 of ge...
journal_title：Endocrine reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1210/edrv-12-1-27
更新日期：1991-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper has reviewed current knowledge of clinical, biochemical, and morphological manifestations of extracranial GRH-producing tumors. Excessive GRH release stimulates pituitary somatotrophs causing elevation of blood GH levels and acromegaly. In some patients with GRH-containing tumor, blood GH concentrations are...
journal_title：Endocrine reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1210/edrv-9-3-357
更新日期：1988-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Access to effective affordable contraception is critical for individual and public health. A wide range of hormonal contraceptives (HCs), which differ in composition, concentration of the progestin component, frequency of dosage, and method of administration, is currently available globally. However, the options are r...
journal_title：Endocrine reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1210/er.2017-00103
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a relatively poorly understood class of RNAs with little or no coding capacity transcribed from a set of incompletely annotated genes. They have received considerable attention in the past few years and are emerging as potentially important players in biological regulation. Here we di...
journal_title：Endocrine reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1210/er.2014-1034
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Breast cancer, the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths in American women, varies substantially in incidence and mortality according to race and ethnicity in the United States. Although the overall incidence of breast cancer among African-American (AA) women is lower than in white American women, this can...
journal_title：Endocrine reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1210/er.2006-0019
更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:PRL and GH are hormones with a wide spectrum of actions. Specific receptors are widely distributed in a number of classical target organs, but other tissues that are not known targets also contain measurable binding sites or receptor mRNA. The most likely explanation is that PRL and GH cause effects that have not yet ...
journal_title：Endocrine reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1210/edrv-12-3-235
更新日期：1991-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Spermatogenesis is the process by which a single spermatogonium develops into 256 spermatozoa, one of which will fertilize the ovum. Since the 1950s when the stages of the epithelial cycle were first described, reproductive biologists have been in pursuit of one question: How can a spermatogonium traverse the epitheli...
journal_title：Endocrine reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1210/er.2003-0022
更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Insulin resistance is increasingly recognized as a chronic, low-level, inflammatory state. Hyperinsulinemia and insulin action were initially proposed as the common preceding factors of hypertension, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, hypertriglyceridemia, abdominal obesity, and altered glucose tolerance, linki...
journal_title：Endocrine reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1210/er.2002-0010
更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Independently, endocrinology, radiology, and nuclear medicine can not optimally differentiate the etiology of the incidental adrenal mass. Rather, the insight necessary for this task must be contributed by all three disciplines. Incidentally discovered adrenal masses are being detected at an increasing rate. This tren...
journal_title：Endocrine reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1210/edrv-16-4-460
更新日期：1995-08-01 00:00:00
