Abstract：
:This paper has reviewed current knowledge of clinical, biochemical, and morphological manifestations of extracranial GRH-producing tumors. Excessive GRH release stimulates pituitary somatotrophs causing elevation of blood GH levels and acromegaly. In some patients with GRH-containing tumor, blood GH concentrations are normal and no acromegaly develops. GRH-producing tumors associated with acromegaly are rare. Based on a critical analysis of the literature, 30 tumors are accepted as definitive. They possess unique features: occurrence in young age, female preponderance, foregut derivation, benign biological behavior, small secretory granules, and frequent association with MEN type I syndrome. The pancreas and lung are common primary sites. GRH-containing tumors unassociated with acromegaly include those of gut and thymus, small cell carcinoma of lung, and medullary carcinoma of thyroid. Several tumors are plurihormonal. In contrast to somatotroph adenoma seen in patients with classical acromegaly, the hypophysial lesion represents somatotroph hyperplasia in acromegalic patients with GRH-producing tumor. This finding indicates that GRH not only increases somatotroph secretory activity but causes somatotroph proliferation. Studies of GRH-producing tumors are of fundamental importance in obtaining a deeper insight into endocrine activity of pituitary somatotrophs and the pathogenesis of GH-secreting pituitary adenomas associated with acromegaly; the importance of GRH in the etiology of acromegaly is still unresolved. The relationship between GRH-secreting tumors and MEN type I syndrome is controversial; further studies are required to elucidate whether they represent two distinct entities or whether GRH-producing tumors accompanied by acromegaly are only forme fruste manifestations of MEN type I syndrome.
journal_name
Endocr Revjournal_title
Endocrine reviewsauthors
Sano T,Asa SL,Kovacs Kdoi
10.1210/edrv-9-3-357subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1988-08-01 00:00:00pages
357-73issue
3eissn
0163-769Xissn
1945-7189journal_volume
9pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:The discovery of myostatin and our introduction to the "Mighty Mouse" over a decade ago spurred both basic and applied research and impacted popular culture as well. The myostatin-null genotype produces "double muscling" in mice and livestock and was recently described in a child. The field's rapid growth is by no mea...
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journal_title：Endocrine reviews
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journal_title：Endocrine reviews
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pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Endocrine reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00
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更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Endocrine reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Endocrine reviews
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pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Endocrine reviews
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journal_title：Endocrine reviews
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journal_title：Endocrine reviews
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更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00
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更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00
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更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00
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更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00
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