Abstract:
:The secretion of glucocorticoids (GCs) is a classic endocrine response to stress. Despite that, it remains controversial as to what purpose GCs serve at such times. One view, stretching back to the time of Hans Selye, posits that GCs help mediate the ongoing or pending stress response, either via basal levels of GCs permitting other facets of the stress response to emerge efficaciously, and/or by stress levels of GCs actively stimulating the stress response. In contrast, a revisionist viewpoint posits that GCs suppress the stress response, preventing it from being pathologically overactivated. In this review, we consider recent findings regarding GC action and, based on them, generate criteria for determining whether a particular GC action permits, stimulates, or suppresses an ongoing stress-response or, as an additional category, is preparative for a subsequent stressor. We apply these GC actions to the realms of cardiovascular function, fluid volume and hemorrhage, immunity and inflammation, metabolism, neurobiology, and reproductive physiology. We find that GC actions fall into markedly different categories, depending on the physiological endpoint in question, with evidence for mediating effects in some cases, and suppressive or preparative in others. We then attempt to assimilate these heterogeneous GC actions into a physiological whole.
journal_name
Endocr Revjournal_title
Endocrine reviewsauthors
Sapolsky RM,Romero LM,Munck AUdoi
10.1210/edrv.21.1.0389subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2000-02-01 00:00:00pages
55-89issue
1eissn
0163-769Xissn
1945-7189journal_volume
21pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::During the past decade, possible advancement in timing of puberty has been reported in the United States. In addition, early pubertal development and an increased incidence of sexual precocity have been noticed in children, primarily girls, migrating for foreign adoption in several Western European countries. These ob...
journal_title:Endocrine reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1210/er.2002-0019
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The past few years have provided substantial evidence for the vital role of the local tumor microenvironment for various aspects of tumor progression. With obesity and its pathophysiological sequelae still on the rise, the adipocyte is increasingly moving center stage in the context of tumor stroma-related studies. To...
journal_title:Endocrine reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1210/er.2010-0030
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The integrity of the Tg structure as a protein is essential for adequate synthesis of thyroid hormone. Also a large supply of iodine and of thyroid hormone is stored into the Tg molecule and available for secretion on demand. Mutations in Tg gene or hyposialylated Tg due to a defective sialyltransferase activity would...
journal_title:Endocrine reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To summarize controlled trials examining the effect of calcium on bone density and fractures in postmenopausal women. DATA SOURCE:We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE up to 1998 and the Cochrane Controlled Register up to 2000, and we examined citations of relevant articles and proceedings of international meetings...
journal_title:Endocrine reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1210/er.2001-7002
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Endocrine reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1210/edrv.19.1.0324
更新日期:1998-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Endocrine reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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abstract::The major goal of this review is to summarize recent exciting findings that have been published within the past 10 years that, to our knowledge, have not been presented in detail in previous reviews and that may impact altered follicular development in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and premature ovarian failure i...
journal_title:Endocrine reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Endocrine reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1210/er.2006-0033
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Endocrine reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1210/er.2004-0016
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Endocrine reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Endocrine reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1210/endrev/bnaa020
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In human beings, two forms of GnRH, termed GnRH-I and GnRH-II, encoded by separate genes have been identified. Although these hormones share comparable cDNA and genomic structures, their tissue distribution and regulation of gene expression are significantly dissimilar. The actions of GnRH are mediated by the GnRH rec...
journal_title:Endocrine reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1210/er.2003-0039
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Endocrine reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1210/er.2007-0022
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Endocrine reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The discovery of myostatin and our introduction to the "Mighty Mouse" over a decade ago spurred both basic and applied research and impacted popular culture as well. The myostatin-null genotype produces "double muscling" in mice and livestock and was recently described in a child. The field's rapid growth is by no mea...
journal_title:Endocrine reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1210/er.2008-0003
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In recent years, much interest has been devoted to defining the role of the IGF system in the nervous system. The ubiquitous IGFs, their cell membrane receptors, and their carrier binding proteins, the IGFBPs, are expressed early in the development of the nervous system and are therefore considered to play a key role ...
journal_title:Endocrine reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1210/er.2004-0024
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Endocrine reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1210/er.2011-1015
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Endocrine reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1210/er.2002-0005
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Normal development and function of the testis are controlled by endocrine and paracrine signaling pathways. Platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs) are growth factors that mediate epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in various tissues during normal and abnormal processes such as embryo development, wound healing, tiss...
journal_title:Endocrine reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1210/er.2010-0004
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Endocrine reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Endocrine reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Endocrine reviews
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journal_title:Endocrine reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1210/er.2007-0004
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Endocrine reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1210/er.2006-0028
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Endocrine reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Endocrine reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:1993-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Endocrine reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Endocrine reviews
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更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Endocrine reviews
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更新日期:1991-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Natriuretic peptides are a family of structurally related but genetically distinct hormones/paracrine factors that regulate blood volume, blood pressure, ventricular hypertrophy, pulmonary hypertension, fat metabolism, and long bone growth. The mammalian members are atrial natriuretic peptide, B-type natriuretic pepti...
journal_title:Endocrine reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00