Abstract:
:Natriuretic peptides are a family of structurally related but genetically distinct hormones/paracrine factors that regulate blood volume, blood pressure, ventricular hypertrophy, pulmonary hypertension, fat metabolism, and long bone growth. The mammalian members are atrial natriuretic peptide, B-type natriuretic peptide, C-type natriuretic peptide, and possibly osteocrin/musclin. Three single membrane-spanning natriuretic peptide receptors (NPRs) have been identified. Two, NPR-A/GC-A/NPR1 and NPR-B/GC-B/NPR2, are transmembrane guanylyl cyclases, enzymes that catalyze the synthesis of cGMP. One, NPR-C/NPR3, lacks intrinsic enzymatic activity and controls the local concentrations of natriuretic peptides through constitutive receptor-mediated internalization and degradation. Single allele-inactivating mutations in the promoter of human NPR-A are associated with hypertension and heart failure, whereas homozygous inactivating mutations in human NPR-B cause a form of short-limbed dwarfism known as acromesomelic dysplasia type Maroteaux. The physiological effects of natriuretic peptides are elicited through three classes of cGMP binding proteins: cGMP-dependent protein kinases, cGMP-regulated phosphodiesterases, and cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels. In this comprehensive review, the structure, function, regulation, and biological consequences of natriuretic peptides and their associated signaling proteins are described.
journal_name
Endocr Revjournal_title
Endocrine reviewsauthors
Potter LR,Abbey-Hosch S,Dickey DMdoi
10.1210/er.2005-0014subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2006-02-01 00:00:00pages
47-72issue
1eissn
0163-769Xissn
1945-7189pii
er.2005-0014journal_volume
27pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Rapid effects of steroid hormones result from the actions of specific receptors localized most often to the plasma membrane. Fast-acting membrane-initiated steroid signaling (MISS) leads to the modification of existing proteins and cell behaviors. Rapid steroid-triggered signaling through calcium, amine release, and k...
journal_title:Endocrine reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Teeth are mineralized organs composed of three unique hard tissues, enamel, dentin, and cementum, and supported by the surrounding alveolar bone. Although odontogenesis differs from osteogenesis in several respects, tooth mineralization is susceptible to similar developmental failures as bone. Here we discuss conditio...
journal_title:Endocrine reviews
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abstract::This review presents a comprehensive discussion of the clinical condition of delayed puberty, a common presentation to the pediatric endocrinologist, which may present both diagnostic and prognostic challenges. Our understanding of the genetic control of pubertal timing has advanced thanks to active investigation in t...
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pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent, rapid changes in the treatment of type 1 diabetes have allowed for commercialization of an "artificial pancreas" that is better described as a closed-loop controller of insulin delivery. This review presents the current state of closed-loop control systems and expected future developments with a discussion of ...
journal_title:Endocrine reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1210/er.2018-00174
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Skeletal homeostasis is determined by systemic hormones and local factors. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) are unique because they induce the differentiation of mesenchymal cells toward cells of the osteoblastic lineage and also enhance the differentiated function of the osteoblast. However, the activity of BMPs nee...
journal_title:Endocrine reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is well known that GH is important in the regulation of longitudinal bone growth. Its role in the regulation of bone metabolism in man has not been understood until recently. Several in vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated that GH is important in the regulation of both bone formation and bone resorption. In ...
journal_title:Endocrine reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gut hormones signal to the central nervous system to influence energy homeostasis. Evidence supports the existence of a system in the gut that senses the presence of food in the gastrointestinal tract and signals to the brain via neural and endocrine mechanisms to regulate short-term appetite and satiety. Recent evide...
journal_title:Endocrine reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bile acids derived from cholesterol and oxysterols derived from cholesterol and bile acid synthesis pathways are signaling molecules that regulate cholesterol homeostasis in mammals. Many nuclear receptors play pivotal roles in the regulation of bile acid and cholesterol metabolism. Bile acids activate the farnesoid X...
journal_title:Endocrine reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1210/er.2000-0035
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper has reviewed current knowledge of clinical, biochemical, and morphological manifestations of extracranial GRH-producing tumors. Excessive GRH release stimulates pituitary somatotrophs causing elevation of blood GH levels and acromegaly. In some patients with GRH-containing tumor, blood GH concentrations are...
journal_title:Endocrine reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:1988-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is well established that the organ damage that complicates human diabetes is caused by prolonged hyperglycemia, but the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which high levels of glucose cause tissue damage in humans are still not fully understood. The prevalent hypothesis explaining the mechanisms that may underlie...
journal_title:Endocrine reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1210/er.2014-1099
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Endocrine reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1210/er.2010-0021
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The secretion of glucocorticoids (GCs) is a classic endocrine response to stress. Despite that, it remains controversial as to what purpose GCs serve at such times. One view, stretching back to the time of Hans Selye, posits that GCs help mediate the ongoing or pending stress response, either via basal levels of GCs p...
journal_title:Endocrine reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1210/edrv.21.1.0389
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The most active corticosteroids are 11 beta-hydroxylated. Humans have two isozymes with 11 beta-hydroxylase activity that are respectively required for cortisol and aldosterone synthesis. CYP11B1 (11 beta-hydroxylase) is expressed at high levels and is regulated by ACTH, whereas CYP11B2 (aldosterone synthase) is norma...
journal_title:Endocrine reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1210/edrv-15-4-421
更新日期:1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pregnancy dramatically affects the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis leading to increased circulating cortisol and ACTH levels during gestation, reaching values in the range seen in Cushing's syndrome (CS). The cause(s) of increased ACTH may include placental synthesis and release of biologically active CRH and ACTH...
journal_title:Endocrine reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1210/er.2004-0025
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a relatively poorly understood class of RNAs with little or no coding capacity transcribed from a set of incompletely annotated genes. They have received considerable attention in the past few years and are emerging as potentially important players in biological regulation. Here we di...
journal_title:Endocrine reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1210/er.2014-1034
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::There has been an alarming increase in the prevalence of obesity in people with type 1 diabetes in recent years. Although obesity has long been recognized as a major risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes and a catalyst for complications, much less is known about the role of obesity in the initiation and p...
journal_title:Endocrine reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1210/er.2017-00191
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Normal reproductive function in mammals requires precise control of LH synthesis and secretion by gonadotropes of the anterior pituitary. Synthesis of LH requires expression of two genes [alpha-glycoprotein subunit (alphaGSU) and LHbeta] located on different chromosomes. Hormones from the hypothalamus and gonads modul...
journal_title:Endocrine reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1210/er.2003-0029
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hormones and cytokines regulate many cellular functions by activating the ubiquitous cAMP-dependent protein kinase (A kinase) system. Newly synthesized cAMP molecules bind to regulatory (R) subunits in A kinase holoenzymes, causing them to release their catalytic (C) subunits. These free C subunits then phosphorylate ...
journal_title:Endocrine reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1210/edrv-14-5-632
更新日期:1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Normal development and function of the testis are controlled by endocrine and paracrine signaling pathways. Platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs) are growth factors that mediate epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in various tissues during normal and abnormal processes such as embryo development, wound healing, tiss...
journal_title:Endocrine reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1210/er.2010-0004
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::TRH is a tripeptide amide that functions as a neurotransmitter but also serves as a neurohormone that has a critical role in the central regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. Hypophysiotropic TRH neurons involved in this neuroendocrine process are located in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus an...
journal_title:Endocrine reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In humans and other mammalian species, the pool of resting primordial follicles serves as the source of developing follicles and fertilizable ova for the entire length of female reproductive life. One question that has intrigued biologists is: what are the mechanisms controlling the activation of dormant primordial fo...
journal_title:Endocrine reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1210/er.2008-0048
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Endocrine reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1210/er.2003-0022
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In recent years, ovarian tissue cryopreservation has rapidly developed as a successful method for preserving the fertility of girls and young women with cancer or benign conditions requiring gonadotoxic therapy, and is now becoming widely recognized as an effective alternative to oocyte and embryo freezing when not fe...
journal_title:Endocrine reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1210/endrev/bnaa020
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Loss of estrogens or androgens increases the rate of bone remodeling by removing restraining effects on osteoblastogenesis and osteoclastogenesis, and also causes a focal imbalance between resorption and formation by prolonging the lifespan of osteoclasts and shortening the lifespan of osteoblasts. Conversely, androge...
journal_title:Endocrine reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1210/er.2003-0003
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Insulin degradation is a regulated process that plays a role in controlling insulin action by removing and inactivating the hormone. Abnormalities in insulin clearance and degradation are present in various pathological conditions including type 2 diabetes and obesity and may be important in producing clinical problem...
journal_title:Endocrine reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1210/edrv.19.5.0349
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vitamin D deficiency is common in the elderly, especially in the housebound and in geriatric patients. The establishment of strict diagnostic criteria is hampered by differences in assay methods for 25-hydroxyvitamin D. The synthesis of vitamin D3 in the skin under influence of UV light decreases with aging due to ins...
journal_title:Endocrine reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Substantial advances have been made recently in the pathobiology of pituitary tumors. Similar to many other endocrine tumors, over the last few years we have recognized the role of germline and somatic mutations in a number of syndromic or nonsyndromic conditions with pituitary tumor predisposition. These include the ...
journal_title:Endocrine reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1210/endrev/bnaa006
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Disruption of the GH receptor (GHR) gene eliminates GH-induced intracellular signaling and, thus, its biological actions. Therefore, the GHR gene disrupted mouse (GHR-/-) has been and is a valuable tool for helping to define various parameters of GH physiology. Since its creation in 1995, this mouse strain has been us...
journal_title:Endocrine reviews
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更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The glycation gap (GGap) and the similar hemoglobin glycation index (HGI) define consistent differences between glycated hemoglobin and actual glycemia derived from fructosamine or mean blood glucose, respectively. Such a disparity may be found in a substantial proportion of people with diabetes, being >1 U of glycate...
journal_title:Endocrine reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1210/er.2018-00284
更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human parturition is a complex process involving interactions between the myometrium and signals derived from the placenta, fetal membranes, and fetus. Signals originating from fetal membranes are crucial components that trigger parturition, which is clearly illustrated by the labor-initiating consequence of membrane ...
journal_title:Endocrine reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1210/er.2017-00188
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00