Abstract:
:Chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factors (COUP-TFs) belong to the steroid/thyroid hormone receptor superfamily. Cloning of their cDNAs demonstrated the existence of two distinct but related genes: COUP-TFI (EAR-3, NR2F1) and COUP-TFII (ARP-1, NR2F2). They are referred to as orphan receptors because ligands for COUP-TFs have yet to be identified. Since 1998, extensive studies have demonstrated their physiological importance in cell-fate specification, organogenesis, angiogenesis, and metabolism, as well as a variety of diseases. In this article, we will comprehensively review the biological functions of COUP-TFII and its underlying mechanism in various developmental processes and diseases. In addition, we will briefly summarize some of the current findings of COUP-TFI.
journal_name
Endocr Revjournal_title
Endocrine reviewsauthors
Lin FJ,Qin J,Tang K,Tsai SY,Tsai MJdoi
10.1210/er.2010-0021subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-06-01 00:00:00pages
404-21issue
3eissn
0163-769Xissn
1945-7189pii
er.2010-0021journal_volume
32pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:OBJECTIVE:To summarize controlled trials examining the effect of calcium on bone density and fractures in postmenopausal women. DATA SOURCE:We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE up to 1998 and the Cochrane Controlled Register up to 2000, and we examined citations of relevant articles and proceedings of international meetings...
journal_title:Endocrine reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1210/er.2001-7002
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Relaxin has vital physiological roles in pregnant rats, mice, and pigs. Relaxin promotes growth and softening of the cervix, thus facilitating rapid delivery of live young. Relaxin also promotes development of the mammary apparatus, thus enabling normal lactational performance. The actions of relaxin on the mammary ap...
journal_title:Endocrine reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1210/er.2003-0013
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The etiology of the AITDs remains unclear but it is now generally believed that both genetic and environmental factors contribute to their development. Some recent findings have begun to directly and indirectly implicate the possibility of infectious agents in the pathogenesis of AITD, and these data serve as the basi...
journal_title:Endocrine reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1210/edrv-14-1-107
更新日期:1993-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is well established that the organ damage that complicates human diabetes is caused by prolonged hyperglycemia, but the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which high levels of glucose cause tissue damage in humans are still not fully understood. The prevalent hypothesis explaining the mechanisms that may underlie...
journal_title:Endocrine reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1210/er.2014-1099
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ovarian steroids normally exert homeostatic negative feedback on GnRH release. During sustained exposure to elevated estradiol in the late follicular phase of the reproductive cycle, however, the feedback action of estradiol switches to positive, inducing a surge of GnRH release from the brain, which signals the pitui...
journal_title:Endocrine reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1210/er.2009-0023
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is well known that GH is important in the regulation of longitudinal bone growth. Its role in the regulation of bone metabolism in man has not been understood until recently. Several in vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated that GH is important in the regulation of both bone formation and bone resorption. In ...
journal_title:Endocrine reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1210/edrv.19.1.0324
更新日期:1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Obesity and dyslipidemia are risk factors for metabolic disorders including diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Sphingolipids such as ceramide and glucosylceramides, while being a relatively minor component of the lipid milieu in most tissues, may be among the most pathogenic lipids in the onset of the sequelae assoc...
journal_title:Endocrine reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1210/er.2007-0025
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several components of the GH axis are involved in tumor progression, and GH-induced intracellular signaling has been strongly associated with breast cancer susceptibility in genome-wide association studies. In the general population, high IGF-I levels and low IGF-binding protein-3 levels within the normal range are as...
journal_title:Endocrine reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1210/er.2018-00166
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) is a complex disease process presumed to emerge from autoimmunity occurring in the thyroid gland, most frequently in Graves disease (GD). It is disfiguring and potentially blinding, culminating in orbital tissue remodeling and disruption of function of structures adjacent to the...
journal_title:Endocrine reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1210/er.2018-00066
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Breast cancer, the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths in American women, varies substantially in incidence and mortality according to race and ethnicity in the United States. Although the overall incidence of breast cancer among African-American (AA) women is lower than in white American women, this can...
journal_title:Endocrine reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1210/er.2006-0019
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In humans and other mammalian species, the pool of resting primordial follicles serves as the source of developing follicles and fertilizable ova for the entire length of female reproductive life. One question that has intrigued biologists is: what are the mechanisms controlling the activation of dormant primordial fo...
journal_title:Endocrine reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1210/er.2008-0048
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Immune checkpoints are small molecules expressed by immune cells that play critical roles in maintaining immune homeostasis. Targeting the immune checkpoints cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed death 1 (PD-1) with inhibitory antibodies has demonstrated effective and durable antitumor ac...
journal_title:Endocrine reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1210/er.2018-00006
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Normal development and function of the testis are controlled by endocrine and paracrine signaling pathways. Platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs) are growth factors that mediate epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in various tissues during normal and abnormal processes such as embryo development, wound healing, tiss...
journal_title:Endocrine reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1210/er.2010-0004
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper has reviewed current knowledge of clinical, biochemical, and morphological manifestations of extracranial GRH-producing tumors. Excessive GRH release stimulates pituitary somatotrophs causing elevation of blood GH levels and acromegaly. In some patients with GRH-containing tumor, blood GH concentrations are...
journal_title:Endocrine reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1210/edrv-9-3-357
更新日期:1988-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::PRL and GH are hormones with a wide spectrum of actions. Specific receptors are widely distributed in a number of classical target organs, but other tissues that are not known targets also contain measurable binding sites or receptor mRNA. The most likely explanation is that PRL and GH cause effects that have not yet ...
journal_title:Endocrine reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1210/edrv-12-3-235
更新日期:1991-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Teeth are mineralized organs composed of three unique hard tissues, enamel, dentin, and cementum, and supported by the surrounding alveolar bone. Although odontogenesis differs from osteogenesis in several respects, tooth mineralization is susceptible to similar developmental failures as bone. Here we discuss conditio...
journal_title:Endocrine reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1210/er.2013-1009
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Skeletal homeostasis is determined by systemic hormones and local factors. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) are unique because they induce the differentiation of mesenchymal cells toward cells of the osteoblastic lineage and also enhance the differentiated function of the osteoblast. However, the activity of BMPs nee...
journal_title:Endocrine reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1210/er.2002-0023
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The most active corticosteroids are 11 beta-hydroxylated. Humans have two isozymes with 11 beta-hydroxylase activity that are respectively required for cortisol and aldosterone synthesis. CYP11B1 (11 beta-hydroxylase) is expressed at high levels and is regulated by ACTH, whereas CYP11B2 (aldosterone synthase) is norma...
journal_title:Endocrine reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1210/edrv-15-4-421
更新日期:1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent, rapid changes in the treatment of type 1 diabetes have allowed for commercialization of an "artificial pancreas" that is better described as a closed-loop controller of insulin delivery. This review presents the current state of closed-loop control systems and expected future developments with a discussion of ...
journal_title:Endocrine reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1210/er.2018-00174
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Independently, endocrinology, radiology, and nuclear medicine can not optimally differentiate the etiology of the incidental adrenal mass. Rather, the insight necessary for this task must be contributed by all three disciplines. Incidentally discovered adrenal masses are being detected at an increasing rate. This tren...
journal_title:Endocrine reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1210/edrv-16-4-460
更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The endocrine functions of the adipose organ are widely studied at this stage. The adipose organ, and in particular adipocytes, communicate with almost all other organs. Although some adipose tissue pads assume the functions as distinct "miniorgans," adipocytes can also be present in smaller numbers interspersed with ...
journal_title:Endocrine reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1210/er.2006-0033
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Substantial advances have been made recently in the pathobiology of pituitary tumors. Similar to many other endocrine tumors, over the last few years we have recognized the role of germline and somatic mutations in a number of syndromic or nonsyndromic conditions with pituitary tumor predisposition. These include the ...
journal_title:Endocrine reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1210/endrev/bnaa006
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The major goal of this review is to summarize recent exciting findings that have been published within the past 10 years that, to our knowledge, have not been presented in detail in previous reviews and that may impact altered follicular development in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and premature ovarian failure i...
journal_title:Endocrine reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1210/er.2017-00164
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The past few years have provided substantial evidence for the vital role of the local tumor microenvironment for various aspects of tumor progression. With obesity and its pathophysiological sequelae still on the rise, the adipocyte is increasingly moving center stage in the context of tumor stroma-related studies. To...
journal_title:Endocrine reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1210/er.2010-0030
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) was hypothesized to result from functional ovarian hyperandrogenism (FOH) due to dysregulation of androgen secretion in 1989-1995. Subsequent studies have supported and amplified this hypothesis. When defined as otherwise unexplained hyperandrogenic oligoanovulation, two-thirds of PCOS...
journal_title:Endocrine reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1210/er.2015-1104
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Phosphate plays essential roles in many biological processes, and the serum phosphate level is tightly controlled. Chronic hypophosphatemia causes impaired mineralization of the bone matrix and results in rickets and osteomalacia. Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is a bone-derived hormone that regulates phosphate m...
journal_title:Endocrine reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1210/er.2017-00220
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rapid effects of steroid hormones result from the actions of specific receptors localized most often to the plasma membrane. Fast-acting membrane-initiated steroid signaling (MISS) leads to the modification of existing proteins and cell behaviors. Rapid steroid-triggered signaling through calcium, amine release, and k...
journal_title:Endocrine reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1210/er.2007-0022
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This review presents a comprehensive discussion of the clinical condition of delayed puberty, a common presentation to the pediatric endocrinologist, which may present both diagnostic and prognostic challenges. Our understanding of the genetic control of pubertal timing has advanced thanks to active investigation in t...
journal_title:Endocrine reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1210/er.2018-00248
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Insulin resistance is increasingly recognized as a chronic, low-level, inflammatory state. Hyperinsulinemia and insulin action were initially proposed as the common preceding factors of hypertension, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, hypertriglyceridemia, abdominal obesity, and altered glucose tolerance, linki...
journal_title:Endocrine reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1210/er.2002-0010
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Insulin signaling plays a physiological role in traditional insulin target tissues controlling glucose homeostasis as well as in pancreatic β-cells and in the endothelium. Insulin signaling abnormalities may, therefore, be pathogenic for insulin resistance, impaired insulin secretion, endothelial dysfunction, and even...
journal_title:Endocrine reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1210/er.2011-1042
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00