Abstract：
BACKGROUND:Nicotine is highly addictive when it is inhaled from tobacco smoke, whereas nicotine replacement products, which usually deliver nicotine orally or transdermally, rarely lead to addiction. It has been proposed that this is due in part to differences in the rate of nicotine delivery to the brain under the two conditions. However, the mechanism by which rapid nicotine delivery facilitates the transition to addiction is not known. The ability of drugs to alter gene regulation and to produce sensitization has been implicated in addiction. We hypothesized, therefore, that varying the rate of nicotine administration may modulate its ability to elicit this form of plasticity. METHODS:Animals were treated with repeated intravenous infusions of nicotine over 5, 25, or 100 sec, and their locomotor responses were monitored over treatment days. RESULTS:We found that increasing the rate of intravenous nicotine infusion potentiated its ability to produce locomotor sensitization, and to induce c-fos and arc mRNA expression in mesocorticolimbic structures. CONCLUSIONS:We suggest that rapid administration may increase vulnerability to addiction by altering the neurobiological impact of nicotine and promoting a form of neurobehavioral plasticity (i.e., sensitization) that can lead to pathological incentive motivation for drugs.
journal_name
Biol Psychiatryjournal_title
Biological psychiatryauthors
Samaha AN,Yau WY,Yang P,Robinson TEdoi
10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.11.040subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-02-15 00:00:00pages
351-60issue
4eissn
0006-3223issn
1873-2402pii
S0006-3223(04)01263-6journal_volume
57pub_type
杂志文章abstract：BACKGROUND:Identifying trait markers specific to schizophrenia might uncover mechanisms underlying illness susceptibility. Previous research shows the N2 and P3 event-related potentials are abnormal in schizophrenia; specificity of these potential trait markers has not been well established. METHODS:Electroencephalogr...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.09.018
更新日期：2008-04-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The addition of lithium to perphenazine altered the pattern of plasma homovanillic acid (HVA) during the course of treatment for acute psychosis. In the perphenazine-treated group plasma HVA declined significantly by days 7-9 of treatment, whereas in the perphenazine-plus-lithium group plasma HVA tended to increase. T...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-3223(92)90190-b
更新日期：1992-12-15 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2010-08-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00202-4
更新日期：2000-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The benzodiazepines are generally safe and effective drugs with usually only minor side effects, dose-related sedation being the most common. A range of paradoxical effects can occur of which release of aggressive and hostile feelings has excited most attention. These responses are idiosyncratic however, as most patie...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：1981-12-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.06.009
更新日期：2007-03-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期：1999-01-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2003.07.002
更新日期：2004-01-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.12.030
更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-3223(94)91214-9
更新日期：1994-09-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.09.005
更新日期：2011-02-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.06.021
更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-3223(86)90163-0
更新日期：1986-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.04.056
更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-3223(93)90293-m
更新日期：1993-02-15 00:00:00
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pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期：2003-10-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.09.014
更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-3223(87)90180-6
更新日期：1987-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-3223(92)90040-7
更新日期：1992-08-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(00)00902-1
更新日期：2000-08-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-3223(90)90646-j
更新日期：1990-01-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(02)01427-0
更新日期：2002-12-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1975-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:There is a need for improved treatments for ethanol withdrawal in humans. Previously, ethanol withdrawal has been shown to enhance the acoustic startle response in rats. Because many ethanol withdrawal symptoms are caused by autonomic hyperactivity, we examined the effects of two antihypertensives, the imida...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(00)00229-8
更新日期：2000-05-15 00:00:00
