Abstract：
:Rhesus mother-infant pairs were housed in a playpen apparatus beginning just before the birth of four male infants. The infants were separated from their mothers four times beginning at a mean age of 218 days. In Type A separations (I and IV) the infants were removed and housed away from their familiar environment in a protected setting; in Type B separations (II and III) the infants remained in the familiar setting and mothers were removed. One pair was separated every 2 weeks for 6 days; for a particular infant, a mean of 8 weeks intervened between each of the separations. On the basis of infant behavior during separation. Type B separations appeared to have a more deleterious effect on the infant: infants did not show the typical behavioral signs of depression under Type A housing conditions, whereas, under Type B conditions, infants expressed the typical depressive reaction to separation. However, comparisons of pre- and postseparation behaviors in the mother-infant pairs indicated that Type A separations were more perturbing. Increases in ventral-ventral contact between mothers and infants were greater following Type A separations and increases in time at nipple occurred only after Type A separations; infant grooming by mother increased only after the first, a Type A, separation. Type B separations may have affected mothers more severely in that reciprocity between maternal cradling and infant clinging was greater following Type B separations than following Type A separations when infants clung significantly more often than mother cradled.
journal_name
Biol Psychiatryjournal_title
Biological psychiatryauthors
Chappell PF,Meier GWsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1975-12-01 00:00:00pages
643-57issue
6eissn
0006-3223issn
1873-2402journal_volume
10pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:To determine the degree of genetic and environmental influences on assessments of aggression and irritability in male subjects, the "Motor Aggression" subscales of the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory (BDHI) were mailed to 1208 male twins in the Vietnam Era Twin Registry. Data from monozygotic 182 and 118 dizygotic twi...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(96)00257-0
更新日期：1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The aim of the present study was to investigate dopamine synthesis in the brain of drug-free schizophrenic patients, not only in the striatum but also in extrastriatal areas like the prefrontal cortex, brain areas that for a long time has been in focus of interest in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. ME...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00109-2
更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Postmortem studies have documented abnormalities in the medial orbital frontal cortex in depressed patients. In this study we evaluated whether atrophy of this region can be identified in older depressed patients using magnetic resonance imaging. METHODS:Twenty elderly patients meeting DSM-IV criteria for m...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(00)01042-8
更新日期：2000-11-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Excessive glutamatergic neurotransmission may contribute to the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). Recent evidence suggests that riluzole and other agents that target glutamate neurotransmission may show antidepressant activity. METHODS:Ten patients with treatment-resistant depression had r...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.08.037
更新日期：2007-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Advances in the understanding of the neurobiology of fear extinction have resulted in the development of d-cycloserine (DCS), a partial glutamatergic N-methyl-D-aspartate agonist, as an augmentation strategy for exposure treatment. We review a decade of research that has focused on the efficacy of DCS for augmenting t...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.09.007
更新日期：2016-08-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:There is increasing evidence for an association between alterations of brain glutamatergic neurotransmission and the pathophysiology of affective disorders. METHODS:We studied the association between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) metabolites, including glutamine, in unipolar and bipolar depressed patients versu...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00284-x
更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:There is increasing evidence that antipsychotic (APD) may affect brain structure directly. To examine this, we developed a rodent model that uses clinically relevant doses and serial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), followed by postmortem histopathological analysis to study the effects of APD on brain struc...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.11.010
更新日期：2011-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are potent regulators of gene expression with proposed roles in brain development and function. We hypothesized that miRNA expression profiles are altered in individuals with severe psychiatric disorders. METHODS:With real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, we compared the expre...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.09.039
更新日期：2011-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a psychiatric condition that typically manifests in compulsive urges to perform irrational or excessive avoidance behaviors. A recent account has suggested that compulsivity in OCD might arise from excessive stimulus-response habit formation, rendering behavior insensit...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.02.002
更新日期：2014-04-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The role of developmental theory and developmental psychopathology in understanding the development, maintenance, and course of social anxiety disorder (SAD) is explored in this article. Following a brief examination of the phenomenology of SAD in youth, we provide an overview of the tenets of developmental psychology...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(01)01305-1
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Chronic treatment of rats with certain selective serotonin or norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors produces significant decreases, respectively, in serotonin and norepinephrine transporter binding sites in brain. Duloxetine may be a dual serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, as it is only a slightly mor...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.02.029
更新日期：2007-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Cannabis remains the most widely used illicit substance by adolescents and is typically consumed by this population in the context of ongoing tobacco use. Human studies have shown that both cannabis and tobacco exert effects on cognitive function; however, little is known about possible interacting effects o...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.02.014
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Stimulation of alpha(2)-adrenergic receptors (alpha(2)-ARs) in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) has a beneficial effect on working memory and attentional regulation in monkeys. alpha(2)-adrenergic agonists like clonidine and guanfacine have been used experimentally and clinically for the treatment of attention de...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.11.004
更新日期：2005-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of short- and long-term administration of a low dose of tranylcypromine on brain and urine levels of several biogenic amines and on brain activity of monoamine oxidases (MAO) A and B were investigated. MAO-A and MAO-B were inhibited by greater than 85% on day 1, and this inhibition continued to increase ov...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-3223(88)90033-9
更新日期：1988-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The DBH gene regulates plasma dopamine beta-hydroxylase activity (pDbetaH). Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), -1021C-->T (rs1611115; SNP1) and +1603C-->T (rs6271; SNP3), independently influence pDbetaH. Another SNP, commonly known as DBH Taq1A (rs2519152; SNP2) is associated with attention-deficit/...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.02.017
更新日期：2006-11-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Glutamatergic dysregulation has been documented in schizophrenia but has received less systematic study in affective illness. METHODS:Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of the excitatory amino acids glutamate (Glu) and aspartate (Asp) and the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor modulator, glycine (GLY) were ...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.024
更新日期：2007-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The frequencies of HLA antigens were examined in a sample of 75 patients with schizophrenia and 35 patients with mood disorders. We compared the data obtained from this population with data obtained in another study with 3731 healthy subjects. Statistically significant increases were observed in the frequencies of HLA...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-3223(95)00223-5
更新日期：1996-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Consistent with the fetal programming hypothesis, effects of maternal prenatal anxiety have been found to predict various measures of infant temperament in the early postnatal period. In recent years, a polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR) emerged as a moderator of diverse environmental ...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.10.006
更新日期：2011-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study was designed to examine differences in the electrodermal activity of schizophrenics born in the season of excessive risk (January-April), and those born in the season of nonexcessive risk (May-December). Thirty-two male schizophrenics were presented with a series of orienting tones (1000 Hz, 80dB, 2 ...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-3223(90)90007-o
更新日期：1990-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Delirium, also known as acute confusional state, is a common reversible organic psychiatric syndrome. This paper focuses on toxic delirium associated with prominent paroxysmal electroencephalogram (EEG) dysfunction occurring in nonepileptic patients. Our data derive from observations in two conditions, viz., delirium ...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-3223(89)90198-4
更新日期：1989-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The possibility of characterizing subgroups of depressive disorders by biological markers was studied by means of the dexamethasone suppression test (DST), the 24-hr urinary free cortisol (UFC), the growth hormone response to the insulin tolerance test (ITT), and polygraphic sleep recordings. Forty-five hospitalized p...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1982-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cannabis use has been reported to increase the risk of developing schizophrenia and to worsen symptoms of the illness. Both of these outcomes might be attributable to the disruption by cannabis of the endogenous cannabinoid system's spatiotemporal regulation of the inhibitory circuitry in the prefrontal cortex that is...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.06.015
更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There are very few reports about asterixis as a side effect of treatment with psychopharmacologic agents. In this report we present four patients treated with a combination of different psychotropic drugs, in whom asterixis was triggered either by adding carbamazepine (CBZ) to a treatment regimen, or by increasing its...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-3223(92)90040-7
更新日期：1992-08-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) gene polymorphisms are associated with various pharmacologic activities. This study investigated whether polymorphisms of 48-bp tandem repeats in the exon 3 of the DRD4 gene are related to neuroleptic response. METHODS:The neuroleptic response at the acute stage of schizophrenia ...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(98)00134-6
更新日期：1998-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper is not a comprehensive review of the literature. Rather, it is a viewpoint based upon advances in other fields of medicine and genetics that may provide a model for guiding research in psychiatry. The paper discusses the major limitations of the medicines currently used to treat schizophrenia and bipolar il...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.02.022
更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Schizophrenic patients have been observed to have a significantly diminished P300 component of the event-related potential (ERP). We investigated whether this result would be obtained with high-incentive stimuli. We presented 14 unmedicated patients and 14 controls with two easily identified visual stimuli under three...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1983-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Substantial evidence indicates that alcoholism is biologically mediated by a genetic predisposition. As the decreased P300 (P3b) event-related brain potential component does not recover with prolonged abstinence, it is unlikely to be related to drinking history but is more likely to be genetically influenced...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(00)01049-0
更新日期：2001-04-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Variations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of the monoamine metabolites 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol, and homovanillic acid have been associated with behavioral abnormalities in nonhuman primates, and with psychopathology in studies of children and adults. METHODS:We assay...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(98)00170-x
更新日期：1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Traditionally, norepinephrine has been associated with stress responses, whereas dopamine has been associated with reward. Both of these catecholamines are found within the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), a brain relay nucleus in the extended amygdala between cortical/limbic centers, and the hypo...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.10.017
更新日期：2012-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Few data exist that assess the presence of reversed and positive neurovegetative symptoms through successive depressive episodes. To assess the stability of depressive symptoms across episodes, we studied 74 outpatients with atypical unipolar major depression, diagnosed by the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-3223(96)00029-7
更新日期：1996-10-15 00:00:00
