Toxic ictal delirium.

abstract：BACKGROUND:The hippocampus is likely involved in mood disorders, but in vivo evidence for the role of anatomically distinct hippocampal subregions is lacking. Multiple sclerosis, an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system, is linked to a high prevalence of depression as well as hippocampal damage and may thu...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Gold SM,Kern KC,O'Connor MF,Montag MJ,Kim A,Yoo YS,Giesser BS,Sicotte NL

更新日期：2010-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Chronic stress is a major health concern, often leading to depression, anxiety, or when severe enough, posttraumatic stress disorder. While many studies demonstrate that the amygdala is hyperresponsive in patients with these disorders, the cellular neurophysiological effects of chronic stress on the systems ...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Rosenkranz JA,Venheim ER,Padival M

更新日期：2010-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:This study is designed to measure effects of serotonin 1A (5-HT1A) agonists on escape deficits produced by inescapable shock in rats--a model of learned helplessness. Rats were first exposed to 60 inescapable shocks (15-sec duration, 0.8 mA, every 1 min +/- 15 sec), and 48 hr later, they were subjected to daily 15-min...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Giral P,Martin P,Soubrié P,Simon P

更新日期：1988-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Previous studies indicate that adverse childhood events are associated with persistent changes in corticotropin-releasing factor neuronal systems. Our aim was to determine whether altered glucocorticoid feedback mediates the neuroendocrine sequelae of childhood trauma. METHODS:Standard and low-dose dexameth...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Newport DJ,Heim C,Bonsall R,Miller AH,Nemeroff CB

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mismatch negativity (MMN), in the deviant-minus-standard event-related potential (ERP) difference-waveform, may represent a working memory trace of the tone difference. Most but not all studies find MMN reduced in schizophrenic patients. This report investigates if differences may be attributable to experimental condi...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Oades RD,Dittmann-Balcar A,Zerbin D,Grzella I

更新日期：1997-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The current study directly investigated whether changes in the neural correlates of self-regulation (SR) are associated with the effectiveness of treatment for the externalizing problems of children. METHODS:Seventy-one children 8-12 years of age with clinical levels of externalizing behavior and their fami...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Woltering S,Granic I,Lamm C,Lewis MD

更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hyperactivity of the hypothalamic--pituitary--adrenal (HPA) axis has been reliably observed in patients with major depression. One of the primary features of this HPA axis hyperactivity is reduced sensitivity to the inhibitory effects of the glucocorticoid dexamethasone on the production of adrenocorticotropic hormone...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Pariante CM,Miller AH

更新日期：2001-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Sleep disturbance is associated with activation of systemic and cellular inflammation, as well as proinflammatory transcriptional profiles in circulating leukocytes. Whether treatments that target insomnia-related complaints might reverse these markers of inflammation in older adults with insomnia is not kno...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Irwin MR,Olmstead R,Breen EC,Witarama T,Carrillo C,Sadeghi N,Arevalo JM,Ma J,Nicassio P,Bootzin R,Cole S

更新日期：2015-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) measures of dynorphin A were compared in three groups. Alzheimer patients (n = 9), elderly depressives (n = 9), and age-matched normal controls (n = 9). The Alzheimer patients revealed a 40% decrease in CSF dynorphin compared with controls (36 +/- 15 versus 60 +/- 21 pg/ml, p less than 0.05)....

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Sunderland T,Berrettini WH,Molchan SE,Lawlor BA,Martinez RA,Vitiello B,Tariot PN,Cohen RM

更新日期：1991-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Several lines of evidence suggest the presence of abnormalities in the endocannabinoid (eCB) system in schizophrenia (SCZ). However, there are limited in vivo measures of the eCB system in SCZ. METHODS:Twenty five male SCZ subjects (SCZs) (18 antipsychotic treated and 7 antipsychotic free) were compared wit...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Ranganathan M,Cortes-Briones J,Radhakrishnan R,Thurnauer H,Planeta B,Skosnik P,Gao H,Labaree D,Neumeister A,Pittman B,Surti T,Huang Y,Carson RE,D'Souza DC

更新日期：2016-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:This study has two goals: 1) to establish a generalizable model of the symptoms observed in outpatients with major depressive disorder (MDD); and 2) to compare symptom coverage of the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology, Clinician-Rated (IDS-C) and Self-Report (IDS-SR) to that of the Hamilton Depression R...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Gullion CM,Rush AJ

更新日期：1998-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Children with early-onset disruptive behavior disorder (DBD), especially those with callous-unemotional traits, are at risk of developing persistent and severe adult antisocial behavior. One possible underlying mechanism for persistence is deficient reward and loss sensitivity, i.e., deficient incentive proc...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Cohn MD,Veltman DJ,Pape LE,van Lith K,Vermeiren RR,van den Brink W,Doreleijers TA,Popma A

更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Conditioned responses to drug-related cues appear to be related to the maintenance of stimulant addiction. These conditioned responses are not blocked by treatments that block the direct effects of stimulants and may contribute to the high rate of relapse of addicts. Rats administered (+)-amphetamine in a specific env...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： DiLullo SL,Martin-Iverson MT

更新日期：1992-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Morphometric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of pediatric bipolar disorder (BD) have not reported on gray matter volumes but have reported increased lateral ventricular size and presence of white matter hyperintensities (WMH). We studied gray matter volume, ventricular-to-brain ratios (VBR), and num...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Chang K,Barnea-Goraly N,Karchemskiy A,Simeonova DI,Barnes P,Ketter T,Reiss AL

更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Glutamatergic dysregulation has been documented in schizophrenia but has received less systematic study in affective illness. METHODS:Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of the excitatory amino acids glutamate (Glu) and aspartate (Asp) and the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor modulator, glycine (GLY) were ...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Frye MA,Tsai GE,Huggins T,Coyle JT,Post RM

更新日期：2007-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is marked by intrusive, chronic, and distressing memories of highly emotional events. Previous research has highlighted the role of the amygdala and its interactions with the hippocampus in mediating the effect of enhanced memory for emotional information in healthy indiv...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Brohawn KH,Offringa R,Pfaff DL,Hughes KC,Shin LM

更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Somatostatin is a tetradecapeptide that is assuming increasing importance as a regulator of central nervous system activity. Originally identified as the hypothalamic growth hormone release-inhibiting factor, somatostatin has subsequently been shown to be extensively and selectively distributed throughout the central ...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Rubinow DR

更新日期：1986-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Functional brain imaging of young people at increased genetic risk for bipolar disorder provides a means of identifying potential endophenotypes for this condition. Dysfunctional neural mechanisms for the cognitive control of emotion are implicated in the genetic predisposition to bipolar disorder, with aber...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Roberts G,Green MJ,Breakspear M,McCormack C,Frankland A,Wright A,Levy F,Lenroot R,Chan HN,Mitchell PB

更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A nutritional survey, the Pittsburgh Appetite Test (PAT), was developed to study potential changes in appetite and food preference reported by patients during a depressive episode and during antidepressant treatment. We examined a group of 50 depressed outpatients who were drug-free for 2 weeks prior to treatment with...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Fernstrom MH,Krowinski RL,Kupfer DJ

更新日期：1987-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Research published in the past decade that used quantitative indices to evaluate the waking EEG characteristics of depressed patients is reviewed. Methodological problems that make results of different research laboratories difficult to compare include diagnostic heterogeneity of depressed groups, lack of inclusion of...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Pollock VE,Schneider LS

更新日期：1990-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:To estimate the prevalence and correlates of clinician-diagnosed DSM-IV nonaffective psychosis (NAP) in a national household survey. METHODS:Data came from the United States National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R). A screen for NAP was followed by blinded sub-sample clinical reappraisal interviews. ...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Kessler RC,Birnbaum H,Demler O,Falloon IR,Gagnon E,Guyer M,Howes MJ,Kendler KS,Shi L,Walters E,Wu EQ

更新日期：2005-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:First degree relatives (FDR) of patients with schizophrenia have higher risk of developing schizophrenia than the general population. Previous positron emission tomography (PET) studies have shown that striatal presynaptic dopamine synthesis capacity is increased in schizophrenia. We investigated whether thi...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Huttunen J,Heinimaa M,Svirskis T,Nyman M,Kajander J,Forsback S,Solin O,Ilonen T,Korkeila J,Ristkari T,McGlashan T,Salokangas RK,Hietala J

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Prospective studies of young individuals at high risk of schizophrenia allow the investigation of whether neural abnormalities predate development of illness and, if present, have the potential to identify those who may become ill. METHODS:We studied young individuals with at least two relatives with the di...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Whalley HC,Simonotto E,Moorhead W,McIntosh A,Marshall I,Ebmeier KP,Owens DG,Goddard NH,Johnstone EC,Lawrie SM

更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Our previous studies have shown that in psychotics, the plasma serine level is abnormally high and that plasma serine hydroxymethyltransferase (which cleaves serine to glycine) activity is abnormally low as compared with that in nonpsychotic subjects. In this study, psychotic and nonpsychotic subjects ingested a large...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Wilcox J,Waziri R,Sherman A,Mott J

更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Women are overrepresented in samples of patients with rapid cycling bipolar disorder (RCBD). To explore whether menstrually related mood changes might account for this gender difference, we studied the relationship between menstrual cycle phase and mood in a sample of premenopausal women with rapid cycling b...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Leibenluft E,Ashman SB,Feldman-Naim S,Yonkers KA

更新日期：1999-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:This prospective study included 32 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT). As compared with a healthy reference group, the patients had pronounced psychiatric symptomatology [CPRS score 17.2 +/- 9.0 (SD) versus 4.4 +/- 2.0], which was mainly affective in character. The severity of symptoms was not related to ...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Joborn C,Hetta J,Rastad J,Agren H,Akerström G,Ljunghall S

更新日期：1988-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The evidence that catecholestrogens are formed in the brain and exert behavioral effects in animal models suggest that these steroids might have psychotropic activities. In the present investigation, the formation and metabolism of catecholestrogens were studied in depressed patients. Twenty-four-hr urine samples were...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Banger M,Hiemke C,Knuppen R,Ball P,Haupt M,Wiedemann K

更新日期：1990-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and bipolar disorder (BPD) are frequently comorbid and overlapping diagnoses. To move beyond diagnosis toward unique pathophysiology, we evaluated both ADHD and BPD children for neurologic examination abnormalities (NEAs) in comparison with normal control (NC) ...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Dickstein DP,Garvey M,Pradella AG,Greenstein DK,Sharp WS,Castellanos FX,Pine DS,Leibenluft E

更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Identifying trait markers specific to schizophrenia might uncover mechanisms underlying illness susceptibility. Previous research shows the N2 and P3 event-related potentials are abnormal in schizophrenia; specificity of these potential trait markers has not been well established. METHODS:Electroencephalogr...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Groom MJ,Bates AT,Jackson GM,Calton TG,Liddle PF,Hollis C

更新日期：2008-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Depressive episodes as reversible mental states are likely to be associated with equally reversible brain states. These can be examined with a variety of functional imaging methods using repeated measures designs. Studies using such an approach are reviewed. Changes in medial frontal, and in particular, cingulate cort...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Ebert D,Ebmeier KP

更新日期：1996-06-15 00:00:00