Abstract：
:Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites and have to use the host cell machinery for their replication. Many viruses are able to divert different parts of this machinery to preferentially enhance virus replication at the expense of the cell. The mechanisms by which different viruses do this have, over the years, given us great insight into many cellular processes. Although we still know relatively little about how RNA is exported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and how this process is regulated, retroviruses have already emerged as one of the most important model systems for these studies. This review will attempt to summarize what we have learnt from these viruses to date and what we hope to achieve in the near future.
journal_name
Semin Cell Dev Bioljournal_title
Seminars in cell & developmental biologyauthors
Hammarskjöld MLdoi
10.1006/scdb.1996.0127subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1997-02-01 00:00:00pages
83-90issue
1eissn
1084-9521issn
1096-3634pii
S1084-9521(96)90127-5journal_volume
8pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The TGF-β ligand superfamily contains at least 40 members, many of which are produced and act within the mammalian testis to facilitate formation of sperm. Their progressive expression at key stages and in specific cell types determines the fertility of adult males, influencing testis development and controlling germl...
journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.10.029
更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Regulators of G-protein signalling (RGS) proteins are a large and diverse family initially identified as GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) of heterotrimeric G-protein Galpha-subunits. At least some can also influence Galpha activity through either effector antagonism or by acting as guanine nucleotide dissociation inh...
journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcdb.2006.03.005
更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A system of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperones has evolved to optimize the output of properly folded secretory and membrane proteins. An important player in this network is Glucose Regulated Protein 94 (GRP94). Over the last decade, new structural and functional data have begun to delineate the unique characteristi...
journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcdb.2010.03.004
更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The family Cichlidae contains approximately 2000 species that live in diverse freshwater habitats including murky lakes, turbid rivers, and clear lakes from both the Old and New Worlds. Their visual systems are similarly diverse and have evolved specific sensitivities that differ along several axes of variation. Varia...
journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.04.015
更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Research using Xenopus laevis has made enormous contributions to our understanding of vertebrate development, control of the eukaryotic cell cycle and the cytoskeleton. One limitation, however, has been the lack of systematic genetic studies in Xenopus to complement molecular and cell biological investigations. Work w...
journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcdb.2005.11.009
更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A number of proteins produced by certain bacteria and plants are potently toxic to mammalian cells. This toxicity results from their ability to catalytically modify macromolecules that are required for essential cellular functions such as vesicular trafficking, cytoskeletal assembly, signalling or protein synthesis. T...
journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcdb.2004.03.005
更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In eukaryotic cells, the membranes of different intracellular organelles have different lipid composition, and various biomembranes show an asymmetric distribution of lipid types across the membrane bilayer. Membrane lipid organization reflects a dynamic equilibrium of lipids moving across the bilayer in both directio...
journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1006/scdb.2000.0231
更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Kinesins are enzymes that use the energy of ATP to perform mechanical work. There are approximately 14 families of kinesins within the kinesin superfamily. Family classification is derived primarily from alignments of the sequences of the core motor domain. For this reason, the enzymatic behavior and motility of each ...
journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcdb.2010.01.018
更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Macroscopic coexisting liquid phases are readily observed in certain model membranes containing cholesterol and at least two other lipid components. Recent fluorescence microscopy and deuterium NMR work indicates that submicron fluctuations are also found, in vesicles with near-critical lipid compositions. In principl...
journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcdb.2007.08.016
更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Indiscriminate use of synthetic chemical compounds and the unregulated presence of heavy metals threatens the integral reproducibility of mankind and other living organisms. The toxicity of these compounds far outweighs the usefulness of these compounds. Male reproductive health is linked to the process of spermatogen...
journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.03.024
更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The wide diversity of biogenic minerals that is found in nature, each with its own morphology, mechanical properties and composition, is remarkable. In order to produce minerals that are optimally adapted for their function, biomineralisation usually occurs under strict cellular control. This control is exerted by spe...
journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.07.004
更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pollen tubes extend rapidly in an oscillatory manner by the extreme form of polarized growth, tip growth, and provide an exciting system for studying the spatiotemporal control of polarized cell growth. The Rho-family ROP GTPase is a key signaling molecule in this growth control and is periodically activated at the ap...
journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcdb.2011.06.004
更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We describe in this review increasing evidence that loss of LKB1 kinase in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) derails the existing natural balance between cell survival and tumour growth suppression. LKB1 deletion can plunge cells into an energy/oxidative stress-induced crisis which leads to the activation of alternative an...
journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.02.015
更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In addition to being polarized along their apical/basal axis, cells composing most (if not all) organs are also polarized in a plane vertical to the A/B axis. Recent studies indicate that this so-called planar cell polarity (PCP) plays an essential role in the formation of multiple organ systems regulating directed ce...
journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcdb.2006.05.003
更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ascidians are urochordates, marine invertebrates with non-feeding motile chordate tadpole larvae, except in the family Molgulidae. Urodele, or tailed, Molgulids have typical ascidian chordate tadpole larvae possessing tails with muscle cells, a notochord, and a dorsal hollow nerve cord. In contrast, anural (or tail-le...
journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/scdb.2000.0195
更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Analysis of membrane transport in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae continues to provide important insights into the molecular mechanisms that direct endocytic and lysosomal sorting pathways in eukaryotic cells. Recent findings include the identification of two novel endomembrane transport pathways, a Golgi-to-vacuol...
journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1006/scdb.1998.0255
更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The extracellular matrix (ECM) of blood vessels, which is composed of both the vascular basement membrane (BM) and the interstitial ECM is identified as a crucial component of the vasculature. We here focus on the unique molecular composition and scaffolding of the capillary ECM, which provides structural support to b...
journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.08.007
更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cells maintain a cholesterol gradient across the secretory system, with the lowest concentrations in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the highest in the plasma membrane (PM). Cholesterol is also heterogeneously distributed in the endocytic pathway. Little is known about how this heterogeneous distribution of cholest...
journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1084-9521(02)00048-4
更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was originally discovered as an endothelial-specific growth factor. While the predominant role of this growth factor in the formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) is unquestioned, recent observations indicate that VEGF also has direct effects on neurons and glial cells,...
journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1006/scdb.2001.0290
更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Given the large socio-economic burden of cancer, there is an urgent need for in vivo animal cancer models that can provide a rationale for personalised therapeutic regimens that are translatable to the clinic. Recent developments in establishing mouse models that closely resemble human lung cancers involve the applica...
journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcdb.2014.04.002
更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Myocardial infarction results in scar tissue that cannot actively contribute to heart mechanical function and frequently causes lethal arrhythmias. The healing response after infarction involves inflammation, biochemical signaling, changes in cellular phenotype, activity, and organization, and alterations in electrica...
journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.05.020
更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rhomboids are conserved intramembrane serine proteases with widespread functions. They were the earliest discovered members of the wider rhomboid-like superfamily of proteases and pseudoproteases. The secretase class of rhomboid proteases, distributed through the secretory pathway, are the most numerous in eukaryotes,...
journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.07.033
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:With the arrival of atomic force microscopy (AFM) about thirty years ago, this new imaging tool opened up a new area for the exploration of biological samples, ranging from the tissue and cellular level down to the supramolecular scale. Commercial instruments of this new imaging technique began to appear in the five y...
journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.07.001
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Craniofacial muscles, muscles that move the eyes, control facial expression and allow food uptake and speech, have long been regarded as a variation on the general body muscle scheme. However, evidence has accumulated that the function of head muscles, their developmental anatomy and the underlying regulatory cascades...
journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.12.013
更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Some epithelial cells are polarized along an axis orthogonal to their apical-basal axes. Recent studies in Drosophila lead to the view that three classes of signaling molecules govern the planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway. The first class, or module, functions across whole tissues, providing directional information t...
journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1084-9521(02)00042-3
更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The pancreas is a compound gland comprised of both exocrine acinar and duct cells as well as endocrine islet cells. Most notable amongst the latter are the insulin-synthesizing β-cells, loss or dysfunction of which manifests in diabetes mellitus. All exocrine and endocrine cells derive from multipotent pancreatic prog...
journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.08.008
更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Gap junctions and hemichannels comprised of connexins influence epidermal proliferation and differentiation. Significant advances in our understanding of the functional role of connexins in the skin have been made by studying the diseases caused by connexin mutations. Eleven clinically defined cutaneous disorders with...
journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.11.018
更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lipids are now widely considered to play a variety of important roles in T-cell mediated immunity, including serving as antigens. Lipid-based antigens are presented by a specialised group of glycoproteins termed CD1. In humans, three classes of CD1 molecules exist: group 1 (CD1a, CD1b, CD1c), group 2 (CD1d), and group...
journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.11.002
更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Spatial patterns of neuronal connectivity are critical for neural circuit function and information processing. For many neuron types, the development of stereotyped dendritic and axonal territories involves reiterative contacts between neurites and successive re-calibration of branch outgrowth and directionality. Here...
journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.07.040
更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Control of translation allows for the production of stoichiometric levels of each protein in the cell. Attaining such a level of fine-tuned regulation of protein production requires the coordinated temporal and spatial control of numerous cellular signalling cascades impinging on the various components of the translat...
journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcdb.2014.09.014
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
