Abstract：
:Smoking is considered the leading cause of preventable death in the United States, but studies in animals suggest that nicotine is only weakly reinforcing. The maintenance of a dangerous habit by a weakly reinforcing agent has been the topic of some dispute. Using a two-lever "choice" self-administration procedure developed in our laboratory, we evaluated drug preferences as an index of relative reward strength for nicotine versus cocaine in nicotine-trained rats. Rats were initially exposed to each drug separately in single-lever self-administration sessions and then allowed to choose between them in a two-lever choice test session offering both drugs. When offered choices between different nicotine doses [8, 25, and 75 microg/kg/injection (inj), free base], rats responded approximately equally for any dose, regardless of which doses were compared. Rats clearly preferred 267 or 800 microg/kg/inj cocaine hydrochloride to any of the nicotine doses. These results indicate that cocaine has greater reward strength than nicotine and supports previous findings that self-administering rats seek to maximize reward magnitude regardless of the self-administered drug or training history. It is possible that dependence elevates nicotine's reward magnitude or nicotine addiction may rely more importantly upon negative rather than pure positive reinforcement.
journal_name
Brain Resjournal_title
Brain researchauthors
Manzardo AM,Stein L,Belluzzi JDdoi
10.1016/s0006-8993(01)03215-2subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-01-04 00:00:00pages
10-9issue
1eissn
0006-8993issn
1872-6240pii
S0006899301032152journal_volume
924pub_type
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