Abstract：
:L-glutamate is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system and has also been implicated as a potent neurotoxin. To ensure a high signal-to-noise ratio during synaptic transmission and to prevent neuronal damage that might occur as a result of excessive activation of glutamate receptors, the extracellular glutamate concentration is tightly controlled by glutamate transporters in the plasma membrane of neurons and the surrounding glial cells. Five subtypes of glutamate transporters have been identified and characterized by molecular cloning. Recent studies of glutamate transporters using the genetic knockout strategy indicate that glial, but not neuronal, glutamate transporters play critical roles in maintaining the extracellular glutamate concentrations and are thereby essential for both normal synaptic transmission at the photoreceptor synapses and protection of neurons against glutamate excitotoxicity. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the properties and functional roles of glutamate transporters, focusing on the properties of the anion channel in the transporters, the unexpected localization of these transporters, their role in synaptic transmission and plasticity, and their involvement in the protection of neurons against excitotoxicity.
journal_name
Neurosci Resjournal_title
Neuroscience researchauthors
Tanaka Kdoi
10.1016/s0168-0102(00)00104-8subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2000-05-01 00:00:00pages
15-9issue
1eissn
0168-0102issn
1872-8111pii
S0168-0102(00)00104-8journal_volume
37pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Efferent neurons to the cochlea in the guinea pig were observed in the superior olivary complex and ventral lateral lemniscal nuclei after injection of WGA-HRP into the cochlea via the round window. Of HRP-labeled nerve cells found in the brainstem, about 60% and 10% were located in the ipsilateral lateral superior ol...
journal_title：Neuroscience research
pub_type： 杂志文章
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abstract：:RNA editing provides a post-transcriptional mechanism to increase structural heterogeneity of gene products. Recently, the alpha3 subunit of the GABAA receptors has been shown to undergo RNA editing. As a result, a highly conserved isoleucine residue in the third transmembrane domain is replaced with a methionine. To ...
journal_title：Neuroscience research
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Neuroscience research
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Neuroscience research
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Neuroscience research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0168-0102(98)00042-x
更新日期：1998-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neuroscience research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neures.2014.05.009
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journal_title：Neuroscience research
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Neuroscience research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neures.2014.03.008
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journal_title：Neuroscience research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neuroscience research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neures.2003.12.003
更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neuroscience research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0168-0102(97)00129-6
更新日期：1998-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neuroscience research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0168-0102(99)00064-4
更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neuroscience research
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neuroscience research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neures.2010.12.020
更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neuroscience research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neures.2005.11.009
更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neuroscience research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neures.2015.06.003
更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neuroscience research
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neuroscience research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neures.2011.01.008
更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neuroscience research
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Neuroscience research
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neuroscience research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neuroscience research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neuroscience research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neuroscience research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0168-0102(92)90026-9
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pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recently the authors showed that a computational model of visual saliency could account for changes in gaze behavior of monkeys with damage in the primary visual cortex. Here we propose a neural prosthesis to restore eye gaze behavior by electrically stimulating the superior colliculus to drive visual attention. The s...
journal_title：Neuroscience research
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更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neuroscience research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Different tracer substances were injected into the superior colliculus (CoS) in order to study its afferents and efferents with the meso-rhombencephalic tegmentum, the precerebellar nuclei and the cerebellum in the Madagascan hedgehog tenrec. The overall pattern of tectal connectivity in tenrec was similar to that in ...
journal_title：Neuroscience research
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00
