Abstract:
:Phenobarbital pretreatment (50 mg/kg/day for 3 days orally) of male Wistar rats increased Vmax of benzene in vitro hepatic microsomal biotransformation about 6-fold without changing Km. However, benzene blood levels after oral, intraperitoneal, or subcutaneous benzene administration (3-3.5 mmoles/kg) were not influenced by phenobarbital pretreatment. The phenol blood levels after oral or intraperitoneal benzene were increased by phenobarbital pretreatment, but less than expected from in vitro data and only 3 h after benzene administration. Phenol elimination in urine after subcutaneous benzene was not affected by phenobarbital. After oral or intraperitoneal benzene administration, phenol urine excretion closely followed the levels of phenol in blood, i.e., rate of phenol urine excretion was significantly, but shortly increased, and the cumulative urine excretion of phenol increased very little or remained unchanged. Differences between the in vitro and in vivo observations of the effect of phenolbarbital on benzene biotransformation may partly be explained by distribution of benzene, which apparently limited benzene availability for biotransformation (Vd = 5.5) and caused rapid decrease of benzene concentrations in blood. Conditions for enzyme activity may have been substantially different in vitro vs. in vivo: in vitro concentrations of benzene were at least by an order of magnitude higher than phenol concentrations, while in vivo, an opposite relation prevailed making a competition for microsomal monooxygenase possible. Cofactor availability may be another rate-limiting step or factor of in vivo benzene biotransformation, as benzene ring hydroxylation requires high energy. The rate of in vitro hepatic microsomal benzene biotransformation proved to be of limited value when predicting benzene quantitative biotransformation in vivo in contradistinction to various substrates where the in vitro and in vivo biotransformation data are in good agreement.
journal_name
Arch Toxicoljournal_title
Archives of toxicologyauthors
Gut Idoi
10.1007/BF00293567subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1976-06-08 00:00:00pages
195-206issue
3eissn
0340-5761issn
1432-0738journal_volume
35pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Contents of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and of 16 further congeners--polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofuranes (PCDD/PCDF)--were determined in lipids of adipose tissue and of livers of 3 stillborns and of 17 infants (0.43-44 weeks old) who died from sudden infant death syndrome. International to...
journal_title:Archives of toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002040050402
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mechanical properties of the bones of young, adult and old rats administered various concentrations of cadmium were measured to prove the direct effect of cadmium on the bones of young rats. The young rats were divided into three subgroups, which were administered 0 (control), 5 and 10 ppm cadmium, respectively. T...
journal_title:Archives of toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00278646
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::To examine the demethylation reaction of methylmercury (MeHg) in rat liver, slices prepared from MeHg-treated rats were incubated in L-15 medium under 95% O2/5% CO2 atmosphere. During the incubation, the amount of inorganic Hg in the slices markedly increased in a time-dependent manner, although the concentration of t...
journal_title:Archives of toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002040100256
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clinical and electrophysiological examinations were performed on 12 patients with toxic neuropathy following accidental ingestion of alcohol polluted by triorthocresyl phosphate (TOCP). Concurrent PNS and CNS lesions were found in all patients. Two to three months after ingestion, five of them showed prevalent signs o...
journal_title:Archives of toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00366186
更新日期:1980-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We recently reported that doxorubicin decreased the expression of calpain-1/2, while inhibition of calpain activity promoted doxorubicin-induced cardiac injury in mice. In this study, we investigated whether and how elevation of calpain-2 could affect doxorubicin-triggered cardiac injury. Transgenic mice with inducibl...
journal_title:Archives of toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00204-019-02405-w
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The development of non-animal methodology to evaluate the potential for a chemical to cause systemic toxicity is one of the grand challenges of modern science. The European research programme SEURAT is active in this field and will conclude its first phase, SEURAT-1, in December 2015. Drawing on the experience gained ...
journal_title:Archives of toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00204-014-1421-5
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The flavonol quercetin shows a wide range of effects in biological systems. We investigated whether quercetin exerts its proposed antioxidant properties via the antioxidant enzyme system. Quercetin in a concentration range from 5 to 100 microM decreased manganese superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and coppe...
journal_title:Archives of toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00204-003-0482-7
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The metabolism of 74As-arsenate (As V, 0.4 mg As/kg body weight, IV) in marmoset monkeys (two males and two females) was studied. Unlike all other animal species studied so far, the marmoset was found to be unable to metabolize the arsenate to dimethylarsinic acid. Most of the absorbed arsenate was reduced to arsenite...
journal_title:Archives of toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00343121
更新日期:1985-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clark 1 (diphenylarsine chloride) and Clark 2 (diphenylarsine cyanide) were used as chemical weapon agents (CWA), and the soil contamination by these CWA and their degraded products, diphenyl and phenyl arsenicals, has been one of the most serious environmental issues. In a series of comparisons in toxicity between tr...
journal_title:Archives of toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00204-004-0598-4
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rats were administered a sublethal dose of thallium (12.35 mg/kg as aqueous thallous sulfate, Tl2SO4, equivalent to 10 mg Tl+/kg per os) on day 0. Urine and feces were collected separately every day for 8 days and analyzed by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Based on information in the literature, five antidotal treatm...
journal_title:Archives of toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00286576
更新日期:1985-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The main purpose of this study was to verify the hypothesis that cognitive dysfunctions induced by arsenic exposure were related to the changes of D-serine metabolism in the hippocampus of offspring mice. Mother mice and their offsprings were exposed to 0, 15, 30 or 60 mg/L sodium arsenite (NaAsO2) through drinking wa...
journal_title:Archives of toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00204-019-02616-1
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A series of experiments was set up to elucidate the effects of pollution on marine and estuarine fish health, since the European flounder (Platichthys flesus) has shown a relatively high prevalence of (pre)neoplastic liver lesions and lymphocystis virus disease in Dutch coastal and estuarine waters. The hypothesis of ...
journal_title:Archives of toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002040100213
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the present study, spiking was used as a strategy to evaluate the mutagenicity of individual compounds in a mixture. Mutagenicity of individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) was evaluated in an organic extract of diesel exhaust particles (DEP). The particles were extracted with dichloromethane (DCM). After...
journal_title:Archives of toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002040050555
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Etridiazole, 5-ethoxy-3-trichloromethyl-1,2,4-thiadiazole, was orally administered to rats and human volunteers. Two metabolites of etridiazole were synthesized: 5-ethoxy-1,2,4-thiadiazole-3-carboxylic acid (ET-CA) and N-acetyl-S-(5-ethoxy-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl-methyl)-L-cysteine (ET-MA). Selective and sensitive analy...
journal_title:Archives of toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02098027
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This is with reference to the note of the Editor-in-Chief of the Archives of Toxicology. ...
journal_title:Archives of toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,已发布勘误
doi:10.1007/s00204-018-2221-0
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A new strategy for the evaluation of mixtures is presented. The mixture used was the organic extract of diesel exhaust particles (DEP). After extraction with dichloromethane (DCM), the crude extract was fractionated according to polarity into five fractions: aliphatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PA...
journal_title:Archives of toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002040050392
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of cadmium or magnesium on central calcium-dependent blood pressure regulation was investigated. The systolic blood pressure of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR; male, 13 weeks of age) decreased following i.c.v. administration of cadmium chloride (20 nm...
journal_title:Archives of toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002040050644
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Exposure to toxic metals is a well-known problem in industrialized countries. Metals interfere with a number of physiological processes, including central nervous system (CNS), haematopoietic, hepatic and renal functions. In the evaluation of the toxicity of a particular metal it is crucial to consider many parameters...
journal_title:Archives of toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00204-010-0544-6
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The object of this study was to compare the relative sensitivity of markers of exposure and effects in the lung of rats exposed to polymeric diphenyl-methane-4,4'-diisocyanate (pMDI) aerosol. Rats were repeatedly exposed to 12.9 mg pMDI/m(3) (6 h/day, 5 days/week for 14 days; exposure was from days 0--17 followed by a...
journal_title:Archives of toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00204-001-0301-y
更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Female C57/BL/6 x DBA/2 hybrid mice were exposed to two concentrations (270 and 135 ppm) of tetrachloroethylene (PER) in inhalation chambers for 6 h/day, 5 days per week, up to 11.5 weeks (270 ppm) and 7.5 weeks (135 ppm), respectively, followed by a 3-week exposure-free period. In the peripheral blood a reduction of ...
journal_title:Archives of toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF01974021
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The International Agency for Research on Cancer considers the carcinogenicity of welding fume of priority for re-evaluation. Genotoxic effects in experimental animals are still inconclusive. Here, we investigated the association of personal exposure to metals in respirable welding fumes during a working shift with oxi...
journal_title:Archives of toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00204-014-1319-2
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Regarding the potential impact of traffic-born air pollutants on public health, in recent years attention has increasingly been focused on the possible effects on the cardiovascular system. In order to investigate this problem further, the influence of long-term exhaust gas exposure on rats has been studied. One hundr...
journal_title:Archives of toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00332390
更新日期:1981-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Experimental and/or epidemiological studies suggest that prenatal exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) may delay fetal lung development and maturation and increase the susceptibility to childhood respiratory disease. However, the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. In our previous study with cultured human fetal l...
journal_title:Archives of toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00204-017-2150-3
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cytotoxicity of trivalent and pentavalent inorganic arsenic salts was determined in mouse fibroblasts in vitro. Concentrations of As (III) in the microM range led to a reduction of proliferation and viability with a concomitant increase in LDH release and stimulation of lactic acid production. Similar effects were...
journal_title:Archives of toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00290882
更新日期:1985-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Our previous study suggested the possibilities that dicyclanil (DC), a nongenotoxic carcinogen, produces oxidative stress in the liver of the two-stage hepatocarcinogenesis model of mice and the stress induced probably causes secondary oxidative DNA damage. However, clear evidences demonstrating the relationship betwe...
journal_title:Archives of toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00204-006-0086-0
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present experiments were performed to test the possibility of interrupting the enterohepatic circulation of arsenic (As). Therefore the efficacy of adsorbents to bind As and/or As-DMPS adducts in vitro and their effect on the excretion of As into the feces and urine in vivo were investigated after injection of As2...
journal_title:Archives of toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002040050237
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Drugs may cause serotonin toxicity by a number of different mechanisms including inhibition of serotonin uptake and metabolism, increased serotonin synthesis and release, activation of serotonin receptors, and inhibition of cytochrome P450 oxidases. Some drug interactions involving opioids can increase intrasynaptic l...
journal_title:Archives of toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00204-018-2244-6
更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of cadmium exposure during pregnancy (by means of daily subcutaneous injections of 4.4 mumol/kg to the mother) on the neonates were investigated. No effect was observed on fetal or neonatal body weights, nor on neonatal liver weights. These parameters were examined up to 5 weeks after birth. The weight of ...
journal_title:Archives of toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00334632
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Volunteers inhaled a constant concentration of 50 ppm trichloroethylene (Tri) for 6 hrs per day on 5 consecutive days. Simultaneous ethanol (EtOH) ingestion (blood level 0.6%) inhibits the metabolization of Tri to trichloroethanol (TCE) and trichloroacetic acid (TCA) by 40% on the average. Oxidation of Tri to TCA does...
journal_title:Archives of toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00311271
更新日期:1975-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::O,O,S-Trimethyl phosphorothioate (OOS-TMP) is known to induce unique symptoms, which are characterized by hypophagia, progressive weight loss, and hypothermia. To determine whether there is the possibility of a causal relationship between these toxic symptoms and a direct action of OOS-TMP on the central nervous syste...
journal_title:Archives of toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002040050212
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00