Abstract:
:Contents of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and of 16 further congeners--polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofuranes (PCDD/PCDF)--were determined in lipids of adipose tissue and of livers of 3 stillborns and of 17 infants (0.43-44 weeks old) who died from sudden infant death syndrome. International toxic equivalents (I-TEq) calculated for the sum of TCDD together with all of the 16 congeners (1.55-29.63 ng/kg lipids of adipose tissue, n = 20; 2.05-57.73 ng/kg liver lipids, n = 19) were within the range of or lower than the values published for adults. TCDD concentrations in lipids of breast-fed infants were higher (0.38-4.1 ng/kg lipids of adipose tissue, n = 9; 0.49-3.9 ng/kg liver lipids, n = 8) compared to non breast-fed subjects (0.16-0.76 ng/kg lipids of adipose tissue, n = 8; 0.29-0.71 ng/kg liver lipids, n = 7). Neither I-TEq values nor TCDD concentrations exceeded values published for adults. Since even in stillborns PCDD/PCPF were found (I-TEq, 9.70-10.83 ng/kg lipids of adipose tissue, 6.17-8.83 ng/kg liver lipids; TCDD, 1.3-2.1 ng/kg lipids of adipose tissue, 0.76-1.5 ng/kg liver lipids; n = 3), transplacental exposure has to be deduced. All of the findings concerning TCDD concentrations in the organism become intelligible on the basis of a physiological toxicokinetic model which was developed to describe the body burden of TCDD for the entire human lifetime in dependence of TCDD uptake from contaminated nutrition. The model reflects sex and age dependent changes in the following parameters: body weight, volumes of liver, adipose and muscle tissue, food consumption, and excretion of faeces. TCDD is supposed to be taken up orally, to be distributed freely in lipids of the organism and to be eliminated unchanged by excretion in lipids of faeces as well as by metabolism in the liver. The model was used to predict the half-life of elimination of TCDD (4 months in newborns increasing to approximately 5 years in adults) and concentrations of this compound in lipids of adipose tissue, blood, liver and faeces at different ages. Furthermore, the influence of breast-feeding on the TCDD burden of a mother, her milk and her child was simulated. The model was validated by means of own data gained in adipose tissue and livers of infants and also using a series of values measured by other authors in mother's milk and in tissues and faeces of infants and adults. Predictions as well as experimental findings demonstrate a distinct increase in the TCDD body burden of breast-fed infants. Generally, it can be concluded for the excretion of unchanged, non-volatile, non protein bound highly lipophilic compounds that their half-life is short in infants (approximately 5 months) and increases to approximately 10 years reached between 40 and 60 years of age.
journal_name
Arch Toxicoljournal_title
Archives of toxicologyauthors
Kreuzer PE,Csanády GA,Baur C,Kessler W,Päpke O,Greim H,Filser JGdoi
10.1007/s002040050402subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1997-01-01 00:00:00pages
383-400issue
6eissn
0340-5761issn
1432-0738journal_volume
71pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The effects of diabetes on cytochrome P450 (CYP)-dependent drug metabolizing enzymes are yet to be clarified. The most widely used animals in these studies have been rats, and information on the effects of diabetes on rabbit liver drug metabolizing enzymes have been unavailable until now. In this study, for the first ...
journal_title:Archives of toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00204-005-0654-8
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mice in experimental delay of implantation were injected intravenously with 75 micrograms.g-1 body weight of lead chloride, corresponding to a dose of lead of about 56 micrograms.g-1 body weight. Delay of implantation was obtained by ovariectomy 3 days after mating followed by a depot dose of progesterone every fifth ...
journal_title:Archives of toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02307315
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The implementation of the Chemical Weapon Convention (CWC), prohibiting the development, production, storage and use of chemical weapons by 192 nations and the ban of highly toxic OP pesticides, especially class I pesticides according to the WHO classification, by many countries constitutes a great success of the inte...
journal_title:Archives of toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00204-016-1772-1
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Groups of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated i.p. with 0, 0.3 and 0.5 mmole bromobenzene (BB)/kg per day in corn oil, 5 days a week for 4 weeks. Thereafter, one half of each of these groups was treated i.p. with a single acute toxic dose of 2.5 mmole BB/kg. Urines were then collected for 24 h and the animals ...
journal_title:Archives of toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02098037
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::When rats were dosed with 14 microgram/kg 3H-isoproterenol, 3H-radioactivity was measurable in the liver until 48 h. This amount was not different in livers of animals which have been pretreated with diethyl maleate. After exhaustive extraction, a significant amount of 3H-radioactivity from isoproterenol could be dete...
journal_title:Archives of toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00343273
更新日期:1977-12-30 00:00:00
abstract::Polymorphisms of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene differentially affect neurobiological functions and cognitive performance and confer different vulnerabilities to subclinical exposures to chlorpyrifos (CPF), a pesticide used worldwide. The data reported on this topic suggest a complex interaction between cholinergic ...
journal_title:Archives of toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00204-019-02387-9
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bromethylbutyramide (Carbromide), a quantitatively important metabolite of carbromal, diminished the contractility of electrically driven and the frequency of spontaneously beating guinea-pig atria. The negative inotropic action of bromethylbutyramide occurred at concentrations which are reached in human carbromal poi...
journal_title:Archives of toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF01891970
更新日期:1978-04-27 00:00:00
abstract::This article is published with the incorrect copyright holder name in the HTML article as "© Springer 2018". The correct copyright line should read "The Author(s) 2018" (as it appears in the article PDF). ...
journal_title:Archives of toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,已发布勘误
doi:10.1007/s00204-018-2301-1
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The development of metabolically competent in vitro models is of utmost importance for predicting adverse drug reactions, thereby preventing attrition-related economical and clinical burdens. Using the antiretroviral drug nevirapine (NVP) as a model, this work aimed to validate rat hepatocyte 3D spheroid cultures as c...
journal_title:Archives of toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00204-016-1792-x
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The first step in the oxidative metabolism of cocaine is N-demethylation to norcocaine, which is further N-hydroxylated to more toxic N-hydroxynorcocaine. In this study we examined the kinetics of norcocaine N-hydroxylation mediated by cytochrome P450 (CYP) in mouse and human liver microsomes. N-hydroxynorcocaine was ...
journal_title:Archives of toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002040000154
更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of perfusion with a medium containing 12 or 24 micrograms Cadmium (as CdCl2) per ml on this metal's accumulation, transfer rate and metallothionein (MT) level. The experiments were performed with an isolated lobule of a dually-perfused human term placenta....
journal_title:Archives of toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF01968966
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Certain bisphenols (BPs) have been regarded as endocrine-disrupting chemicals due to their structural similarities to bisphenol A (BPA), a well-known weak estrogenic chemical. However, very limited data are currently available on the relationship between estrogenic activity and the structure of BP analogs. Therefore, ...
journal_title:Archives of toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00204-017-2011-0
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The toxicity of amphetamines is conditioned by a complex array of mechanisms, involving the increase of neurotransmission (e.g. leading to hyperthermia) and enzymatic and non-enzymatic oxidation of amphetamines and biogenic amines. Considering that all these processes may increase the generation of hydrogen peroxide (...
journal_title:Archives of toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002040100264
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a toxin produced by fungi such as Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp. The key target organ of OTA toxicity is the kidney, and it is known that epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) leading to fibrosis is enhanced after long-term exposure of the kidney to OTA. However, the mechanisms respon...
journal_title:Archives of toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00204-020-02829-9
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The deleterious effect of lead has been attributed to lead-induced oxidative stress with the consequence of lipid peroxidation. The present study was designed to investigate the combined effect of DL-alpha-lipoic acid (LA) and meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) on lead-induced peroxidative damages in rat kidney. ...
journal_title:Archives of toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00204-002-0350-x
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rodents are relatively insensitive to the neurotoxic effects of various organophosphorus compounds. The purpose of this investigation was to determine if differences in inactivation of CBDP could explain the strain differences in the sensitivity to neurotoxicity following administration of TOCP (tri-o-cresyl phosphate...
journal_title:Archives of toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF01973466
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) caused a dose-dependent increase in urinary taurine which correlated with both the histological and biochemical assessment of liver damage. The peak elevation in urinary taurine occurred within the first 48 h after dosing but there was still significant taurinuria 72 and 96 h after the inte...
journal_title:Archives of toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF01973715
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mycotoxins altertoxin I and II (ATX I and II) are secondary metabolites produced by Alternaria alternata fungi and may occur as food and feed contaminants, especially after long storage periods. Although the toxic potential of altertoxins has been previously investigated, little is known about the pathways that pl...
journal_title:Archives of toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00204-016-1726-7
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to investigate the genotoxic potential of DNA adducts and to compare DNA adduct levels and patterns in petroleum vacuum distillates, coal tar distillate, bitumen fume condensates, and related substances that have a wide range of boiling temperatures. An in vitro assay was used for DNA adduct ...
journal_title:Archives of toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002040000172
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cocaine is an intrinsic hepatotoxin in laboratory animals, and there is growing evidence that high doses of cocaine can precipitate hepatic necrosis in humans. The rodent model of cocaine hepatotoxicity is commensurate with the concept that a multistep mainly cytochrome P-450 dependent N-oxidative pathway is responsib...
journal_title:Archives of toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/BF02284256
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Phytoestrogens have been described as weak estrogens, selective estrogen receptor mediators (SERMs) or to exhibit antiestrogenic properties. However, information about their activity in combination with xenoestrogens and 17beta-estradiol in vivo, is limited. Therefore, the combinatory activity of the phytoestrogen gen...
journal_title:Archives of toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00204-006-0102-4
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study was performed to assess the relation between occupational exposure to N,N-dimethylformamide after an 8 h work shift in the acrylic fibre industry and its three biological markers N-methylformamide (NMFtotal), N-acetyl-S-(N-methylcarbamoyl)cysteine (AMCC), and N-methylcarbamoyl adduct at haemoglobin (MCVal)....
journal_title:Archives of toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00204-018-2219-7
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::For ethical and regulatory reasons, in vitro tests for scoring potential toxicities of cosmetics are essential. A test strategy for investigating potential skin sensitization using two human keratinocytic and two human dendritic cell lines has been developed (Mehling et al. Arch Toxicol 86:1273–1295, 2012). Since proh...
journal_title:Archives of toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00204-013-1090-9
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::To explain the mechanism of renal injury caused by liver ischemia-reperfusion, we investigated biochemical and morphological changes in the liver and kidney in rats. After reperfusion following 60 min of liver ischemia, numerous changes were found. The level of serum transaminases and lipid peroxide formation in the l...
journal_title:Archives of toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF01969922
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In vivo screening methods for detection of thyroid function modulators are now under development in many research laboratories. We assessed the applicability of the Hershberger assay protocol to screen for thyroid function modulators. In experiment 1, castrated male BrlHan WIST@Jcl (GALAS) rats were administered a pot...
journal_title:Archives of toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00204-005-0677-1
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of pretreatment with SKF-525A, which inhibits hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes, on metabolism and hepatotoxicity was examined in mice orally administered tributyltin chloride (TBTC) or dibutyltin dichloride (DBTC) at a dose of 180 mumol/kg. Analysis of butyltin compounds showed that the main metabolites in l...
journal_title:Archives of toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002040050421
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The protective effects of various chelating agents such as D-penicillamine (D-PEN), 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA), 2,3-dimercaptopropane sulphonate (DMPS), and N-(2-mercapto-2-methylpropanoyl)-L-cysteine (bucillamine), on the renal damage induced by gold sodium thiomalate (AuTM) in rats were studied. Rats were in...
journal_title:Archives of toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF01973712
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a family of endogenous, small, noncoding RNA molecules that involved in a wide range of biological processes including differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. A polymorphism G>C (rs2910164) is located in the stem region opposite to the mature miR-146a sequence. In our study, we investigat...
journal_title:Archives of toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00204-012-1004-2
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Renal papillary necrosis (RPN) was induced in Fischer 344 (F344) rats (n = 4) using 2-bromoethanamine hydrobromide (BEA) dosed at 150 mg/kg, and in multimammate desert mice (Mastomys natalensis) at 150 and 250 mg/kg (n = 4 per group). Control rats and Mastomys were dosed with 0.9% saline (n = 4 per group). Urine was c...
journal_title:Archives of toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02733668
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We recently reported that doxorubicin decreased the expression of calpain-1/2, while inhibition of calpain activity promoted doxorubicin-induced cardiac injury in mice. In this study, we investigated whether and how elevation of calpain-2 could affect doxorubicin-triggered cardiac injury. Transgenic mice with inducibl...
journal_title:Archives of toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00204-019-02405-w
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00