Abstract:
:Recently, noncontingent reinforcement (NCR) has been used to reduce challenging behavior in persons with developmental disabilities. In this context, NCR involves reinforcement on a fixed-time schedule irrespective of behavior. The present article reviews studies involving NCR for the treatment of challenging behavior. Based on this review, a clinical guide for the implementation of NCR is delineated. NCR appears to depend on ensuring that reinforcement matches the function of the challenging behavior. Initially, noncontingent reinforcement should be provided on a continuous basis. The schedule can then be faded from continuous reinforcement to a more appropriate level in a number of ways. NCR can also be combined with additional educationally oriented interventions to promote skill development. Given its ease of implementation and other potential advantages, NCR would appear particularly relevant for applied settings. The clinical guide may offer some assistance to practitioners.
journal_name
Behav Modifjournal_title
Behavior modificationauthors
Tucker M,Sigafoos J,Bushell Hdoi
10.1177/01454455980224005subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1998-10-01 00:00:00pages
529-47issue
4eissn
0145-4455issn
1552-4167journal_volume
22pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Students with emotional and behavioral disorders and students considered at risk often have social deficits. Although social skills interventions are often provided to this student population, there are some concerns regarding how these interventions are conceived and provided. One possible way to improve the effectiv...
journal_title:Behavior modification
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1177/0145445515621489
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this investigation, the authors experimentally assessed the functions of finger sucking for 3 typically developing children ages 6, 7, and 14. In Experiment 1, a parent-conducted functional analysis, completed in each child's natural environment, showed that each of the children's finger sucking was most likely to ...
journal_title:Behavior modification
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0145445502026003008
更新日期:2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sleep disorders are highly prevalent among otherwise healthy young children and can be extremely disruptive to family life. Treatment was initiated in a multiple baseline fashion for the chronic night waking and nighttime disturbance exhibited by a 14-month-old girl. We found that "graduated extinction" (gradually inc...
journal_title:Behavior modification
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/01454455900141003
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Concurrent panic disorder with agoraphobia (PDA) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) are the most common diagnostic occurrences among anxiety disorders. This particular comorbidity is associated with significant impairments in quality of life (QOL). The current study sought to investigate the efficacy of a combined...
journal_title:Behavior modification
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1177/0145445513504430
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A discrete trials procedure incorporating graduated prompts, social and consumable reinforcement, corrective feedback, delay of reinforcement, and a chaining procedure was used to teach four actively psychotic, chronic schizophrenic patients rudimentary conversational skills. In a multiple-baseline design, training wa...
journal_title:Behavior modification
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/01454455890134002
更新日期:1989-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Picture activity schedules consist of a sequence of images representing the order of tasks for a person to complete. Although, picture activity schedules have traditionally been presented in a book format, recently picture activity schedules have been evaluated on technological devices such as an iPod™ touch. The pres...
journal_title:Behavior modification
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0145445517700817
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::To strengthen the scientific credibility arguments for single-case intervention studies, randomization design-and-analysis methods have been developed for the multiple-baseline, ABAB, and alternating treatment designs, including options for preplanned designs, wherein the series and phase lengths are established prior...
journal_title:Behavior modification
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0145445519847627
更新日期:2019-05-12 00:00:00
abstract::Six older adults with probable Alzheimer's disease (AD) were trained to recall a name-face association using the spaced retrieval technique. In this study, we retested these persons in a 6-month follow-up program. For half of the participants, three booster sessions were administered at 6, 12, and 18 weeks after origi...
journal_title:Behavior modification
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0145445509333432
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study evaluated predictors of dropout among men who began and attended at least 1 session of a cognitive-behavioral, skills training oriented spouse abuse abatement counseling program. Based on prior research, a number of demographic, criminal justice, partner violence pattern, and personality characteristics wer...
journal_title:Behavior modification
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0145445500244003
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Interoceptive exposure is one component in cognitive behavioral therapy of panic disorder. The present investigation addressed changes in defensive mobilization during repeated interoceptive exposure using a standardized hyperventilation procedure. 26 high and 22 low anxiety sensitive persons (ASI, Peterson & Reiss, 1...
journal_title:Behavior modification
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0145445518772269
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article presents a three-module intervention based on social action theory that focuses on health promotion and social identity formation for seropositive youth. The modules are designed to reduce transmission of HIV by reducing sexual and substance abuse acts, increasing healthy acts and adherence to care, and m...
journal_title:Behavior modification
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0145445504272599
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Expanded school mental health (ESMH) programs, the focus of this special issue, provide comprehensive mental health care to youth in general and special education through partnerships between schools and community mental health agencies and programs. As these programs progressively develop in the United States, there ...
journal_title:Behavior modification
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0145445503259498
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder whose major complaints were obsessional thoughts with cognitive neutralization as opposed to overt rituals were treated with a cognitive-behavioral package. Cognitive neutralization involves both cognitive rituals and a variety of less ritualized coping strategies all ...
journal_title:Behavior modification
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/01454455950192006
更新日期:1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Motor excess was once recognized as a primary aspect of childhood behavior disorder but has been largely discounted by current investigators despite consistent reference to hyperactivity in titles of articles, chapters, and books. The presumed minor relevance of hyperactivity to attention deficit hyperactivity disorde...
journal_title:Behavior modification
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1177/01454455930174001
更新日期:1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Risky sexual behavior among adolescents is common and results in many negative consequences. The present study investigated longitudinal predictors of adolescents' likelihood of engaging in unprotected sexual intercourse. Parental knowledge, or the extent to which parents know about their children's activities, wherea...
journal_title:Behavior modification
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0145445515615355
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Research has demonstrated that incorporating restricted interests of an individual with autism into recess activities is effective at increasing socialization with typically developing peers. However, certain activity contexts may alter the reinforcing influence of the restricted repetitive behaviors (RRBs) depending ...
journal_title:Behavior modification
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0145445517706346
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Parents (N = 21) of children with autism spectrum disorders responded to a survey on adherence to skills instruction and problem behavior management strategies they had previously been observed to master in a standardized training curriculum based on the principles of applied behavior analysis. Survey items were guide...
journal_title:Behavior modification
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0145445511418103
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this work was to test the contribution of cognitive therapy to exposure in vivo in the group treatment of generalized social phobia. Seventy-one severely disabled social phobics, selected according to DSM-III-R criteria, were assigned at random to: (a) self-exposure in vivo, (b) self-exposure in vivo with c...
journal_title:Behavior modification
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1177/01454455980223003
更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous research suggests that performance feedback improves treatment integrity. This study compared the effects of verbal performance feedback and verbal plus graphic performance feedback on implementation of a student-specific behavior support plan (BSP) by members of a second-grade teaching team at a public eleme...
journal_title:Behavior modification
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0145445506297583
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Among the relations between respiration and psychological state, associations with respiratory variability have been contradictory. In this study, respiration was measured noninvasively in 162 children with a mean age of 11 years (from 9 to 13). They completed a battery of psychological tests. Structural Equation Mode...
journal_title:Behavior modification
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0145445503256320
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors evaluated the responsiveness of 4 preschool-aged children to positive reinforcers within a concurrent operants paradigm during mealtimes. The children were presented with two identical, concurrently available sets of food. Each set differed in quantity and quality of positive reinforcement paired with acce...
journal_title:Behavior modification
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0145445599231001
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is growing evidence of an association between physical illness and problem behavior in children with developmental disabilities. Such behavior can compromise school performance. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to evaluate, using a group design, the effectiveness of medical intervention alone (N =...
journal_title:Behavior modification
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1177/0145445506290080
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Precursor behaviors are innocuous behaviors that reliably precede the occurrence of problem behavior. Intervention efforts applied to precursors might prevent the occurrence of severe problem behavior. We examined the relationship between precursor behavior and problem behavior in three individuals with developmental ...
journal_title:Behavior modification
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0145445508317943
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Multielement and reversal designs used to identify maintaining variables for behavior disorders such as self-injury have several potential limitations, including interaction effects (multielement), inefficiency (reversal), and lack of a continuous control (reversal). This article describes a methodology that minimizes...
journal_title:Behavior modification
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/01454455940183003
更新日期:1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Studies using fear-conditioning paradigms have found that anxiety patients are more conditionable than individuals without these disorders, but these effects have been demonstrated inconsistently. It is unclear whether these findings have etiological significance or whether enhanced conditionability is linked only to ...
journal_title:Behavior modification
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0145445506295054
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Controversy exists regarding appropriate methods for summarizing treatment outcomes for single-subject designs. Nonregression- and regression-based methods have been proposed to summarize the efficacy of single-subject interventions with proponents of both methods arguing for the superiority of their respective approa...
journal_title:Behavior modification
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0145445503259264
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Age-appropriate reinforcers have been found to be effective in promoting attentiveness and calmness with children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The present study with a 4-year-old ADHD boy found attentive calmness was substantially increased from a mean of about 3 seconds per trial to the maxim...
journal_title:Behavior modification
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0145445504267952
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous research on social skills training has demonstrated its usefulness as an adjunct treatment for a variety of psychiatric disorders. At the Medical College of Pennsylvania at Eastern Pennsylvania Psychiatric Institute, an acute-care psychiatric hospital, a social skills training group has been in operation for ...
journal_title:Behavior modification
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/01454455900144007
更新日期:1990-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although visual inspection remains common in the analysis of single-case designs, the lack of agreement between raters is an issue that may seriously compromise its validity. Thus, the purpose of our study was to develop and examine the properties of a simple structured criterion to supplement the visual analysis of a...
journal_title:Behavior modification
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0145445517739278
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Public speaking anxiety (PSA) is a common social phobia. Although cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) is the treatment of choice, difficulties arise with both in vivo and in vitro exposure (lack of therapist control, patient's inability to imagine, self-flooding, and a lack of confidentiality resulting from public exposu...
journal_title:Behavior modification
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0145445511429999
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00