Abstract：
:We have shown that acute ammonia toxicity is mediated by activation of the NMDA type of glutamate receptors. Although it is well known that L-carnitine prevents acute ammonia toxicity, the underlying molecular mechanism is not clear. We suspected that L-carnitine would prevent ammonia toxicity by preventing the toxic effects of glutamate. We have tested this hypothesis using primary cultures of neurons. L-carnitine prevented glutamate neurotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner similar to that required to prevent ammonia toxicity in animals. It is also shown that L-carnitine increases selectively the affinity of glutamate for the quisqualate type of glutamate receptors, while the affinity for the kainate and NMDA receptors is slightly decreased. L-carnitine prevents the increase in cytoplasmic Ca2+ induced by addition of glutamate. The Ca2+ levels rose 4.8-fold following addition of 1 mM glutamate, however, when the neurons were incubated previously with 5 mM L-carnitine, the Ca2+ levels increased only by 50%. Also, AP-3, an antagonist of the metabotropic receptor prevents the protective effect of L-carnitine against glutamate neurotoxicity. We suggest, therefore, that the protective effect of L-carnitine against glutamate toxicity is due to the increased affinity of glutamate for the metabotropic receptor. This mechanism could also explain the protection by L-carnitine against acute ammonia toxicity.
journal_name
Neurochem Resjournal_title
Neurochemical researchauthors
Felipo V,Miñana MD,Cabedo H,Grisolía Sdoi
10.1007/BF00971588subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1994-03-01 00:00:00pages
373-7issue
3eissn
0364-3190issn
1573-6903journal_volume
19pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Ubiquinone (coenzyme Q10), in addition to its function as an electron and proton carrier in mitochondrial electron transport coupled to ATP synthesis, acts in its reduced form (ubiquinol) as an antioxidant, inhibiting lipid peroxidation in biological membranes and protecting mitochondrial inner-membrane proteins and D...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1015591628503
更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The metabolic effects of ganglioside GM1 were found to be quite different in brain synaptosomes and phagocytic cells. Incubation of rat brain cortex synaptosomes with GM1 was shown to decrease the production of reactive oxygen species induced by Fe2+-H2O2 system and measured by chemiluminometric method in the presence...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1020296605444
更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Catecholamine secretion in the bovine adrenal medulla is evoked largely by nicotinic receptor activation. However, bovine adrenal medulla also contain muscarinic receptors that mediate several cell responses. To understand the physiological role of muscarinic receptors in the bovine adrenal medulla it is important to ...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00968406
更新日期：1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Any spinal cord injury carries the potential for persistent disability affecting motor, sensory and autonomic functions. To prevent this outcome, it is highly desirable to block a chain of deleterious reactions developing in the spinal areas immediately around the primary lesion. Thus, early timing of pharmacological ...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11064-017-2459-6
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Some crustacean axons remain functional for months after injury. This unusual property may require stress proteins synthesized by those neurons or provided to them by glial cells. To begin to explore this hypothesis, we examined the conditions that stimulated stress protein synthesis by crayfish CNS tissue in vitro. I...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00974871
更新日期：1991-05-01 00:00:00
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doi：10.1007/s11064-010-0264-6
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00970756
更新日期：1988-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02532417
更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00963986
更新日期：1984-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01000241
更新日期：1987-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11064-016-2063-1
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00964958
更新日期：1980-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1985-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11064-015-1729-4
更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00964094
更新日期：1977-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00964458
更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11064-016-1946-5
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/BF00966762
更新日期：1993-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11064-020-03202-z
更新日期：2021-01-03 00:00:00
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doi：10.1007/s11064-015-1595-0
更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00
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更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：: ...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 传,社论,历史文章
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更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11064-019-02799-0
更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00969761
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Editors have retracted this article [1] following an investigation conducted by the journal. After publication concerns were raised regarding interpretation of the data presented in Fig. 4. The Editors requested additional data and clarification to confirm interpretation of data results. After further review, the ...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章,撤回出版物
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更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11064-015-1795-7
更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00965100
更新日期：1983-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1022544131826
更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this paper, we show that caveolin-1 is abundantly present in a cell line of immortalized gonadotropin-releasing hormone-expressing neurons (GN11). In contrast to GN11, caveolin is undetectable in a cognate cell line of immortalized gonadotropin-releasing hormone-secreting neurons (GT1-7). These two cell lines are c...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1020217309987
更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00
