Thermodynamics of the B-Z transition in superhelical DNA.

abstract：:Members of the Hedgehog family of secreted proteins control a number of important inductive interactions in the development of both vertebrates and Drosophila, but little is known about the ways in which their signalling activities are transduced. In Drosophila, hedgehog is one of the segment-polarity genes, mutations...

journal_title：Nature

authors： van den Heuvel M,Ingham PW

更新日期：1996-08-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Auroral substorms, dynamic phenomena that occur in the upper atmosphere at night, are caused by global reconfiguration of the magnetosphere, which releases stored solar wind energy. These storms are characterized by auroral brightening from dusk to midnight, followed by violent motions of distinct auroral arcs that su...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Kasahara S,Miyoshi Y,Yokota S,Mitani T,Kasahara Y,Matsuda S,Kumamoto A,Matsuoka A,Kazama Y,Frey HU,Angelopoulos V,Kurita S,Keika K,Seki K,Shinohara I

更新日期：2018-02-14 00:00:00

abstract：:At fertilization, an increase of cytosolic calcium ions (Ca2+) triggers various activation responses in animal eggs. In vertebrates, these responses include exit from metaphase arrest in meiosis II (MII exit) and cortical remodelling initiated by cortical granule exocytosis. Although the essential requirement of Ca2+/...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Nishiyama T,Yoshizaki N,Kishimoto T,Ohsumi K

更新日期：2007-09-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Since the origins of agriculture, the scale of human cooperation and societal complexity has dramatically expanded. This fact challenges standard evolutionary explanations of prosociality because well-studied mechanisms of cooperation based on genetic relatedness, reciprocity and partner choice falter as people increa...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Purzycki BG,Apicella C,Atkinson QD,Cohen E,McNamara RA,Willard AK,Xygalatas D,Norenzayan A,Henrich J

更新日期：2016-02-18 00:00:00

abstract：:The age of dense interstellar cloud cores, where stars and planets form, is a crucial parameter in star formation and difficult to measure. Some models predict rapid collapse, whereas others predict timescales of more than one million years (ref. 3). One possible approach to determining the age is through chemical cha...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Brünken S,Sipilä O,Chambers ET,Harju J,Caselli P,Asvany O,Honingh CE,Kamiński T,Menten KM,Stutzki J,Schlemmer S

更新日期：2014-12-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Interfaces in heterostructures have been a key point of interest in condensed-matter physics for decades owing to a plethora of distinctive phenomena-such as rectification1, the photovoltaic effect2, the quantum Hall effect3 and high-temperature superconductivity4-and their critical roles in present-day technical devi...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Yang MM,Luo ZD,Mi Z,Zhao J,E SP,Alexe M

更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The normal cellular form of prion protein (PrPC) is a precursor to the pathogenic protease-resistant forms (PrPSc) believed to cause scrapie, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Its amino terminus contains the octapeptide PHGGGWGQ, which is repeated four times and is among the best-pr...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Brown DR,Qin K,Herms JW,Madlung A,Manson J,Strome R,Fraser PE,Kruck T,von Bohlen A,Schulz-Schaeffer W,Giese A,Westaway D,Kretzschmar H

更新日期：1997-12-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Electronic devices have advanced from their heavy, bulky origins to become smart, mobile appliances. Nevertheless, they remain rigid, which precludes their intimate integration into everyday life. Flexible, textile and stretchable electronics are emerging research areas and may yield mainstream technologies. Rollable ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Kaltenbrunner M,Sekitani T,Reeder J,Yokota T,Kuribara K,Tokuhara T,Drack M,Schwödiauer R,Graz I,Bauer-Gogonea S,Bauer S,Someya T

更新日期：2013-07-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Over the past 50 years there has been much speculation about the energetic cost of swimming and wave-riding by dolphins. When aligned properly in front of the bow of moving ships in the stern wake of small boats, on wind waves, and even in the wake of larger cetaceans, the animals appear to move effortlessly through t...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Williams TM,Friedl WA,Fong ML,Yamada RM,Sedivy P,Haun JE

更新日期：1992-02-27 00:00:00

abstract：:That animals and humans can accomplish the same goal using different effectors and different goals using the same effectors attests to the remarkable flexibility of the central nervous system. This phenomenon has been termed 'motor equivalence', an example being the writing of a name with a pencil held between the toe...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Kelso JA,Fuchs A,Lancaster R,Holroyd T,Cheyne D,Weinberg H

更新日期：1998-04-23 00:00:00

abstract：:The inhibitory activity associated with myelin is a major obstacle for successful axon regeneration in the adult mammalian central nervous system (CNS). In addition to myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) and Nogo-A, available evidence suggests the existence of additional inhibitors in CNS myelin. We show here that a ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Wang KC,Koprivica V,Kim JA,Sivasankaran R,Guo Y,Neve RL,He Z

更新日期：2002-06-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) is a heterodimer composed of an alpha and beta chain that is expressed on the surface of most leukocytes and is an essential molecule for adhesion reactions between cells participating in the immune response. A putative ligand for LFA-1 is the intercellular adhesion mol...

journal_title：Nature

authors： van Noesel C,Miedema F,Brouwer M,de Rie MA,Aarden LA,van Lier RA

更新日期：1988-06-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Many physiological events require transient increases in cytosolic Ca(2+) concentrations. Ryanodine receptors (RyRs) are ion channels that govern the release of Ca(2+) from the endoplasmic and sarcoplasmic reticulum. Mutations in RyRs can lead to severe genetic conditions that affect both cardiac and skeletal muscle, ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Tung CC,Lobo PA,Kimlicka L,Van Petegem F

更新日期：2010-11-25 00:00:00

abstract：:A re-analysis of published data on mouse mutation rates induced by X and gamma rays suggests that the kinetics of induction can be analysed by fitting the data to a parabolic curve. We interpret this to mean that a substantial proportion of the induced mutations results from gross chromosomal changes such as deletions...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Abrahamson S,Wolff S

更新日期：1976-12-23 00:00:00

abstract：: ...

journal_title：Nature

authors：

更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：: ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Gewin V

更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the coming decades, a crucial challenge for humanity will be meeting future food demands without undermining further the integrity of the Earth's environmental systems. Agricultural systems are already major forces of global environmental degradation, but population growth and increasing consumption of calorie- and...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Mueller ND,Gerber JS,Johnston M,Ray DK,Ramankutty N,Foley JA

更新日期：2012-10-11 00:00:00

abstract：:The polarized architecture of epithelial cells depends on the highly stereotypic distribution of cellular junctions and other membrane-associated protein complexes. In epithelial cells of the Drosophila embryo, three distinct domains subdivide the lateral plasma membrane. The most apical one comprises the subapical co...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Bachmann A,Schneider M,Theilenberg E,Grawe F,Knust E

更新日期：2001-12-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Primitive chondritic meteorites contain material (presolar grains), at the level of a few parts per million, that predates the formation of our Solar System. Astronomical observations and the chemical composition of the Sun both suggest that silicates must have been the dominant solids in the protoplanetary disk from ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Nagashima K,Krot AN,Yurimoto H

更新日期：2004-04-29 00:00:00

abstract：:We have obtained evidence that poliovirus and other picornavirus particles are specifically modified by having myristic acid covalently bound to a capsid protein. The electron density map of poliovirus confirms the position of the myristate molecule and defines its location in the virus particle. Analogies with other ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Chow M,Newman JF,Filman D,Hogle JM,Rowlands DJ,Brown F

更新日期：1987-06-11 00:00:00

abstract：:The ability to abstract principles or rules from direct experience allows behaviour to extend beyond specific circumstances to general situations. For example, we learn the 'rules' for restaurant dining from specific experiences and can then apply them in new restaurants. The use of such rules is thought to depend on ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Wallis JD,Anderson KC,Miller EK

更新日期：2001-06-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Activation of oncogenes by mechanisms other than genetic aberrations such as mutations, translocations, or amplifications is largely undefined. Here we report a novel isoform of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) that is expressed in ∼11% of melanomas and sporadically in other human cancer types, but not in normal t...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Wiesner T,Lee W,Obenauf AC,Ran L,Murali R,Zhang QF,Wong EW,Hu W,Scott SN,Shah RH,Landa I,Button J,Lailler N,Sboner A,Gao D,Murphy DA,Cao Z,Shukla S,Hollmann TJ,Wang L,Borsu L,Merghoub T,Schwartz GK,Postow MA

更新日期：2015-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Highly efficient neutron detectors are critical in many sectors, including national security1,2, medicine3, crystallography4 and astronomy5. The main neutron detection technologies currently used involve 3He-gas-filled proportional counters6 and light scintillators7 for thermalized neutrons. Semiconductors could provi...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Chica DG,He Y,McCall KM,Chung DY,Pak RO,Trimarchi G,Liu Z,De Lurgio PM,Wessels BW,Kanatzidis MG

更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The enkephalins Met-enkephalin and Leu-enkephalin were first isolated from porcine brain by Hughes and co-workers. We have recently isolated from bovine adrenals another enkephalin with the structure Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met-Arg-Phe, or Met-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7 (ref. 2). We report here that this new heptapeptide is found i...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Rossier J,Audigier Y,Ling N,Cros J,Udenfriend S

更新日期：1980-11-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Monoclonal antibodies can now be genetically engineered and endowed with new properties. In the future, gene technology could enable antigen-binding fragments to be made by exploiting repertoires of variable domain genes derived from immunized animals and expressed in bacteria. How readily can this approach be extende...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Winter G,Milstein C

更新日期：1991-01-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Analogous to the progression of events in the opiate receptor-enkaphalin area, the first reports that benzodiazepines have selective and specific high-affinity binding sites in brain have stimulated a search for the endogenous 'ligand' or substance that might normally act at these sites. Braestrup and co-workers have ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Tenen SS,Hirsch JD

更新日期：1980-12-11 00:00:00

abstract：:In the chick embryo, left-right asymmetric patterns of gene expression in the lateral plate mesoderm are initiated by signals located in and around Hensen's node. Here we show that Caronte (Car), a secreted protein encoded by a member of the Cerberus/Dan gene family, mediates the Sonic hedgehog (Shh)-dependent inducti...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Rodríguez Esteban C,Capdevila J,Economides AN,Pascual J,Ortiz A,Izpisúa Belmonte JC

更新日期：1999-09-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Receptors for dopamine have been classified into two functional types, D1 and D2. They belong to the family of receptors acting through G (or guanine nucleotide-binding) proteins. D2 receptors inhibit adenylyl cyclase, but D1 receptors stimulate adenylyl cyclase and activate cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinases. Dopam...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Sunahara RK,Niznik HB,Weiner DM,Stormann TM,Brann MR,Kennedy JL,Gelernter JE,Rozmahel R,Yang YL,Israel Y

更新日期：1990-09-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Quantum cryptography exploits the fundamental laws of quantum mechanics to provide a secure way to exchange private information. Such an exchange requires a common random bit sequence, called a key, to be shared secretly between the sender and the receiver. The basic idea behind quantum key distribution (QKD) has wide...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Sasaki T,Yamamoto Y,Koashi M

更新日期：2014-05-22 00:00:00

abstract：:DNA double-strand breaks are generated by genotoxic agents and by cellular endonucleases as intermediates of several important physiological processes. The cellular response to genotoxic DNA breaks includes the activation of transcriptional programs known primarily to regulate cell-cycle checkpoints and cell survival....

journal_title：Nature

authors： Bredemeyer AL,Helmink BA,Innes CL,Calderon B,McGinnis LM,Mahowald GK,Gapud EJ,Walker LM,Collins JB,Weaver BK,Mandik-Nayak L,Schreiber RD,Allen PM,May MJ,Paules RS,Bassing CH,Sleckman BP

更新日期：2008-12-11 00:00:00