Single neurons in prefrontal cortex encode abstract rules.

abstract：:The search for the earliest fossil evidence of the human lineage has been concentrated in East Africa. Here we report the discovery of six hominid specimens from Chad, central Africa, 2,500 km from the East African Rift Valley. The fossils include a nearly complete cranium and fragmentary lower jaws. The associated fa...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Brunet M,Guy F,Pilbeam D,Mackaye HT,Likius A,Ahounta D,Beauvilain A,Blondel C,Bocherens H,Boisserie JR,De Bonis L,Coppens Y,Dejax J,Denys C,Duringer P,Eisenmann V,Fanone G,Fronty P,Geraads D,Lehmann T,Lihoreau F,

更新日期：2002-07-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Histones package DNA, and post-translational modifications of histones can regulate access to DNA. Until recently, histone methylation-unlike all other histone modifications-was considered a permanent mark. The discovery of enzymes that reverse the methylation of lysines and arginines challenges our current thinking o...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Bannister AJ,Kouzarides T

更新日期：2005-08-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Kalka is one of about 14 major layered mafic-ultramafic intrusions forming the Giles Complex in central Australia1. The stratigraphical section of the Kalka Intrusion passes from a basal pyroxenite zone (450 + m) through norite and olivine gabbro zones (3,500 m) to an uppermost anorthosite zone (800 + m)2. Further res...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Gray CM,Goode ADT

更新日期：1981-11-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Cloning and sequencing of the complementary DNA for platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor indicates that it is a novel factor distinct from previously characterized proteins. The factor, a protein with a relative molecular mass of about 45,000, stimulates endothelial cell growth and chemotaxis in vitro and a...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Ishikawa F,Miyazono K,Hellman U,Drexler H,Wernstedt C,Hagiwara K,Usuki K,Takaku F,Risau W,Heldin CH

更新日期：1989-04-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Ultra-compact dwarf galaxies are among the densest stellar systems in the Universe. These systems have masses of up to 2 × 10(8) solar masses, but half-light radii of just 3-50 parsecs. Dynamical mass estimates show that many such dwarfs are more massive than expected from their luminosity. It remains unclear whether ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Seth AC,van den Bosch R,Mieske S,Baumgardt H,den Brok M,Strader J,Neumayer N,Chilingarian I,Hilker M,McDermid R,Spitler L,Brodie J,Frank MJ,Walsh JL

更新日期：2014-09-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Mutations or amplification of the MET proto-oncogene are involved in the pathogenesis of several tumours, which rely on the constitutive engagement of this pathway for their growth and survival. However, MET is expressed not only by cancer cells but also by tumour-associated stromal cells, although its precise role in...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Finisguerra V,Di Conza G,Di Matteo M,Serneels J,Costa S,Thompson AA,Wauters E,Walmsley S,Prenen H,Granot Z,Casazza A,Mazzone M

更新日期：2015-06-18 00:00:00

abstract：:The angle between the spin of a star and the orbital planes of its planets traces the history of the planetary system. Exoplanets orbiting close to cool stars are expected to be on circular, aligned orbits because of strong tidal interactions with the stellar convective envelope. Spin-orbit alignment can be measured w...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Bourrier V,Lovis C,Beust H,Ehrenreich D,Henry GW,Astudillo-Defru N,Allart R,Bonfils X,Ségransan D,Delfosse X,Cegla HM,Wyttenbach A,Heng K,Lavie B,Pepe F

更新日期：2018-01-25 00:00:00

abstract：:One approach to the controlled release of drugs involves incorporation of the drug molecules into the matrix of microscopic polymer spheres or capsules. Existing methods for preparing such microparticles do not, however, always guarantee a constant release rate, for example because drug molecules may be trapped prefer...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Pekarek KJ,Jacob JS,Mathiowitz E

更新日期：1994-01-20 00:00:00

abstract：:G-protein-coupled receptors comprise the largest family of mammalian transmembrane receptors. They mediate numerous cellular pathways by coupling with downstream signalling transducers, including the hetrotrimeric G proteins Gs (stimulatory) and Gi (inhibitory) and several arrestin proteins. The structural mechanisms ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Kang Y,Kuybeda O,de Waal PW,Mukherjee S,Van Eps N,Dutka P,Zhou XE,Bartesaghi A,Erramilli S,Morizumi T,Gu X,Yin Y,Liu P,Jiang Y,Meng X,Zhao G,Melcher K,Ernst OP,Kossiakoff AA,Subramaniam S,Xu HE

更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The mineral olivine dominates the composition of the Earth's upper mantle and hence controls its mechanical behaviour and seismic anisotropy. Experiments at high temperature and moderate pressure, and extensive data on naturally deformed mantle rocks, have led to the conclusion that olivine at upper-mantle conditions ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Mainprice D,Tommasi A,Couvy H,Cordier P,Frost DJ

更新日期：2005-02-17 00:00:00

abstract：:The bithorax gene complex in Drosophila contains a minimum of eight genes that seem to code for substances controlling levels of thoracic and abdominal development. The state of repression of at least four of these genes is controlled by cis-regulatory elements and a separate locus (Polycomb) seems to code for a repre...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Lewis EB

更新日期：1978-12-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Ligand-induced allosteric changes in proteins are important in their cellular functions and regulation, and both concerted and sequential examples are known. The distinction has entailed elaborate analysis, however, and only a few systems have been unequivocally analysed. We have investigated the coupling between ATP ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Lindsley JE,Wang JC

更新日期：1993-02-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Low-resolution intensity spectra of Earth's atmosphere obtained from space reveal strong signatures of life ('biosignatures'), such as molecular oxygen and methane with abundances far from chemical equilibrium, as well as the presence of a 'red edge' (a sharp increase of albedo for wavelengths longer than 700 nm) caus...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Sterzik MF,Bagnulo S,Palle E

更新日期：2012-02-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Fireflies communicate with each other by emitting yellow-green to yellow-orange brilliant light. The bioluminescence reaction, which uses luciferin, Mg-ATP and molecular oxygen to yield an electronically excited oxyluciferin species, is carried out by the enzyme luciferase. Visible light is emitted during relaxation o...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Nakatsu T,Ichiyama S,Hiratake J,Saldanha A,Kobashi N,Sakata K,Kato H

更新日期：2006-03-16 00:00:00

abstract：:The type I interferon (IFN) response protects cells from viral infection by inducing hundreds of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), some of which encode direct antiviral effectors. Recent screening studies have begun to catalogue ISGs with antiviral activity against several RNA and DNA viruses. However, antiviral ISG...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Schoggins JW,MacDuff DA,Imanaka N,Gainey MD,Shrestha B,Eitson JL,Mar KB,Richardson RB,Ratushny AV,Litvak V,Dabelic R,Manicassamy B,Aitchison JD,Aderem A,Elliott RM,García-Sastre A,Racaniello V,Snijder EJ,Yokoyama WM,

更新日期：2014-01-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Genomes from all of the crucial bacterial pathogens of humans, plants and animals have now been sequenced, as have genomes from many of the important commensal, symbiotic and environmental microorganisms. Analysis of these sequences has revealed the forces that shape pathogen evolution and has brought to light unexpec...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Pallen MJ,Wren BW

更新日期：2007-10-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Analysis of the nucleotide sequence of the human retrovirus associated with AIDS in West Africa, HIV-2, shows that it is evolutionarily distant from the previously characterized HIV-1. We suggest that these viruses existed long before the current AIDS epidemics. Their biological properties are conserved in spite of li...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Guyader M,Emerman M,Sonigo P,Clavel F,Montagnier L,Alizon M

更新日期：1987-04-16 00:00:00

abstract：:The highly conserved protein gamma-tubulin is required for microtubule nucleation in vivo. When viewed in the electron microscope, a highly purified gamma-tubulin complex from Xenopus consisting of at least seven different proteins is seen to have an open ring structure. This complex acts as an active microtubule-nucl...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Zheng Y,Wong ML,Alberts B,Mitchison T

更新日期：1995-12-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Why sex prevails in nature remains one of the great puzzles of evolution. Sexual reproduction has an immediate cost relative to asexual reproduction, as males only express their contribution to population growth through females. With no males to sustain, an asexual mutant can double its relative representation in the ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Doncaster CP,Pound GE,Cox SJ

更新日期：2000-03-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Although the sex-determining gene Sry has been identified in mammals, no comparable genes have been found in non-mammalian vertebrates. Here, we used recombinant breakpoint analysis to restrict the sex-determining region in medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) to a 530-kilobase (kb) stretch of the Y chromosome. Deletion anal...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Matsuda M,Nagahama Y,Shinomiya A,Sato T,Matsuda C,Kobayashi T,Morrey CE,Shibata N,Asakawa S,Shimizu N,Hori H,Hamaguchi S,Sakaizumi M

更新日期：2002-05-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Null mutations of glass specifically remove photoreceptor cells, leaving other cell types intact. We have isolated the glass gene and have shown that its transcript encodes a putative protein of 604 amino acids with five zinc-fingers. The glass product may be a transcription factor required for the development of a si...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Moses K,Ellis MC,Rubin GM

更新日期：1989-08-17 00:00:00

abstract：:When an intense laser pulse is focused into a gas, the light-atom interaction that occurs as atoms are ionized results in an extremely nonlinear optical process--the generation of high harmonics of the driving laser frequency. Harmonics that extend up to orders of about 300 have been reported, some corresponding to ph...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Bartels R,Backus S,Zeek E,Misoguti L,Vdovin G,Christov IP,Murnane MM,Kapteyn HC

更新日期：2000-07-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Regulation of transcription initiation by proteins binding at DNA sequences some distance from the promoter region itself seems to be a general phenomenon in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Proteins bound to an enhancer site in eukaryotes can turn on a distant gene, whereas efficient repression of some prokaryotic ge...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Dandanell G,Valentin-Hansen P,Larsen JE,Hammer K

更新日期：1987-02-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Neutralizing antibody function provides a foundation for the efficacy of vaccines and therapies1-3. Here, using a robust in vitro Ebola virus (EBOV) pseudo-particle infection assay and a well-defined set of solid-phase assays, we describe a wide spectrum of antibody responses in a cohort of healthy survivors of the Si...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Adaken C,Scott JT,Sharma R,Gopal R,Dicks S,Niazi S,Ijaz S,Edwards T,Smith CC,Cole CP,Kamara P,Kargbo O,Doughty HA,van Griensven J,Horby PW,Gevao SM,Sahr F,Ebola-CP Consortium.,Dimelow RJ,Tedder RS,Semple MG,Paxt

更新日期：2021-01-27 00:00:00

abstract：:The M13 coat protein spans the Escherichia coli plasma membrane with its amino-terminus facing the periplasm. It is made as a precursor--the procoat--with a typical leader peptide. Mutations which destroy the basic character of the carboxy-terminal domain of procoat, a domain which is oriented towards the cytoplasm, b...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Kuhn A,Wickner W,Kreil G

更新日期：1986-07-24 00:00:00

abstract：:The pseudogap is a partial gap in the electronic density of states that opens in the normal (non-superconducting) state of cuprate superconductors and whose origin is a long-standing puzzle. Its connection to the Mott insulator phase at low doping (hole concentration, p) remains ambiguous and its relation to the charg...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Badoux S,Tabis W,Laliberté F,Grissonnanche G,Vignolle B,Vignolles D,Béard J,Bonn DA,Hardy WN,Liang R,Doiron-Leyraud N,Taillefer L,Proust C

更新日期：2016-03-10 00:00:00

abstract：: ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Masood E

更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The development of immunologic interventions that can target the viral reservoir in HIV-1-infected individuals is a major goal of HIV-1 research. However, little evidence exists that the viral reservoir can be sufficiently targeted to improve virologic control following discontinuation of antiretroviral therapy. Here ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Borducchi EN,Cabral C,Stephenson KE,Liu J,Abbink P,Ng'ang'a D,Nkolola JP,Brinkman AL,Peter L,Lee BC,Jimenez J,Jetton D,Mondesir J,Mojta S,Chandrashekar A,Molloy K,Alter G,Gerold JM,Hill AL,Lewis MG,Pau MG,Schuit

更新日期：2016-12-08 00:00:00

abstract：:An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper. ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Gundem G,Van Loo P,Kremeyer B,Alexandrov LB,Tubio JMC,Papaemmanuil E,Brewer DS,Kallio HML,Hägnäs G,Annala M,Kivinummi K,Goody V,Latimer C,O'Meara S,Dawson KJ,Isaacs W,Emmert-Buck MR,Nykter M,Foster C,Kote-Jarai Z,

更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this Letter, in Fig. 3c and f the Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli networks were subject to both weight loss and node deletion, a combination of two types of perturbation, as opposed to weight loss only (as the labelling incorrectly indicated). The collapse in Fig. 3h was also obtained from this combin...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Gao J,Barzel B,Barabási AL

更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00