Abstract：
:Interfaces in heterostructures have been a key point of interest in condensed-matter physics for decades owing to a plethora of distinctive phenomena-such as rectification1, the photovoltaic effect2, the quantum Hall effect3 and high-temperature superconductivity4-and their critical roles in present-day technical devices. However, the symmetry modulation at interfaces and the resultant effects have been largely overlooked. Here we show that a built-in electric field that originates from band bending at heterostructure interfaces induces polar symmetry therein that results in emergent functionalities, including piezoelectricity and pyroelectricity, even though the component materials are centrosymmetric. We study classic interfaces-namely, Schottky junctions-formed by noble metal and centrosymmetric semiconductors, including niobium-doped strontium titanium oxide crystals, niobium-doped titanium dioxide crystals, niobium-doped barium strontium titanium oxide ceramics, and silicon. The built-in electric field in the depletion region induces polar structures in the semiconductors and generates substantial piezoelectric and pyroelectric effects. In particular, the pyroelectric coefficient and figure of merit of the interface are over one order of magnitude larger than those of conventional bulk polar materials. Our study enriches the functionalities of heterostructure interfaces, offering a distinctive approach to realizing energy transduction beyond the conventional limitation imposed by intrinsic symmetry.
journal_name
Naturejournal_title
Natureauthors
Yang MM,Luo ZD,Mi Z,Zhao J,E SP,Alexe Mdoi
10.1038/s41586-020-2602-4subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-08-01 00:00:00pages
377-381issue
7821eissn
0028-0836issn
1476-4687pii
10.1038/s41586-020-2602-4journal_volume
584pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
NATURE文献大全abstract：:Humans have engaged in endurance running for millions of years, but the modern running shoe was not invented until the 1970s. For most of human evolutionary history, runners were either barefoot or wore minimal footwear such as sandals or moccasins with smaller heels and little cushioning relative to modern running sh...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature08723
更新日期：2010-01-28 00:00:00
abstract：:Eukaryotic ribosomes consist of a small 40S and a large 60S subunit that are assembled in a highly coordinated manner. More than 200 factors ensure correct modification, processing and folding of ribosomal RNA and the timely incorporation of ribosomal proteins1,2. Small subunit maturation ends in the cytosol, when the...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41586-020-2929-x
更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Little is known about the organic component of Lower and Middle Palaeolithic technologies, particular with respect to wooden tools. Here I describe some wooden throwing spears about 400,000 years old that were discovered in 1995 at the Pleistocene site at Schöningen, Germany. They are thought to be the oldest complete...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/385807a0
更新日期：1997-02-27 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent studies have demonstrated that monkeys and humans can use signals from the brain to guide computer cursors. Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) may one day assist patients suffering from neurological injury or disease, but relatively low system performance remains a major obstacle. In fact, the speed and accuracy ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature04968
更新日期：2006-07-13 00:00:00
abstract：:Change history: In Fig. 1c of this Letter, the two graphs were duplicates. The right panel of Fig. 1c has been corrected online. ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章,已发布勘误
doi：10.1038/s41586-018-0690-1
更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The central nervous system has extraordinary plasticity in early life. This is thought to involve N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors which, along with the non-NMDA receptors, mediate fast excitatory synaptic transmission. Although NMDA receptors may be transiently enhanced early in life, it has not been possible to...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/357686a0
更新日期：1992-06-25 00:00:00
abstract：:Theory predicts that sexual behaviour in animals can evolve rapidly, accelerating the rate of species formation. Here we estimate the rate of speciation in Laupala, a group of forest-dwelling Hawaiian crickets that is characterized primarily through differences in male courtship song. We find that Laupala has the high...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/433375a
更新日期：2005-01-27 00:00:00
abstract：:Some people inherit an unfortunate combination of genetic sequences, such that exposure to an external trigger causes their immune response to turn on their own tissues. Although mutations in a single gene can cause autoimmunity, most autoimmune diseases are associated with several sequence variants. Marked advances i...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1038/nature03723
更新日期：2005-06-02 00:00:00
abstract：:In this Letter, the statement 'I.I. and A.B. performed computations at the NCI Australia' was missing from the Acknowledgements section. This has been corrected online. ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 已发布勘误
doi：10.1038/s41586-019-1123-5
更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We are facing a global metabolic health crisis provoked by an obesity epidemic. Here we report the human gut microbial composition in a population sample of 123 non-obese and 169 obese Danish individuals. We find two groups of individuals that differ by the number of gut microbial genes and thus gut bacterial richness...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature12506
更新日期：2013-08-29 00:00:00
abstract：:The structure of the operator-binding domain of the lambda repressor has been determined at 3.2 A resolution. This domain contains an extended N-terminal arm and five alpha-helices. Model-building studies of the repressor-operator complex suggest that alpha-helices, especially the N-terminal parts of these helices, ma...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/298443a0
更新日期：1982-07-29 00:00:00
abstract：:Measuring the completeness of the fossil record is essential to understanding evolution over long timescales, particularly when comparing evolutionary patterns among biological groups with different preservational properties. Completeness measures have been presented for various groups based on gaps in the stratigraph...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/18872
更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rab GTPases regulate all stages of membrane trafficking, including vesicle budding, cargo sorting, transport, tethering and fusion. In the inactive (GDP-bound) conformation, accessory factors facilitate the targeting of Rab GTPases to intracellular compartments. After nucleotide exchange to the active (GTP-bound) conf...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature03798
更新日期：2005-07-21 00:00:00
abstract：:Considerable evidence points to a role for G1 cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) in allowing the accumulation of E2F transcription factor activity and induction of the S phase of the cell cycle. Numerous experiments have also demonstrated a critical role for both Myc and Ras activities in allowing cell-cycle progression. H...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/387422a0
更新日期：1997-05-22 00:00:00
abstract：:The dispute among federal agencies over regulation of commercial biotechnology has been addressed in the Federal Register by the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP), which says the Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee of the National Institutes of Health should continue to oversee biomedical research in this ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 新闻
doi：10.1038/313085b0
更新日期：1985-01-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Metastasis is a major cause of death in cancer patients and involves a multistep process including detachment of cancer cells from a primary cancer, invasion of surrounding tissue, spread through circulation, re-invasion and proliferation in distant organs. KiSS-1 is a human metastasis suppressor gene, that suppresses...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/35079135
更新日期：2001-05-31 00:00:00
abstract：:Despite active transport into Earth's mantle, water has been present on our planet's surface for most of geological time. Yet water disappeared from the Martian surface soon after its formation. Although some of the water on Mars was lost to space via photolysis following the collapse of the planet's magnetic field, t...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature25031
更新日期：2017-12-20 00:00:00
abstract：:Arising from C. J. Phiel, C. A. Wilson, V. M.-Y. Lee & P. S. Klein 423, 435-439 (2003)A major unresolved issue in Alzheimer's disease is identifying the mechanisms that regulate proteolytic processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP)-glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) isozymes are thought to be important in this re...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature10615
更新日期：2011-12-07 00:00:00
abstract：:Concern about the levels of lead in blood is widespread. There is uncertainty, however, about the relative importance of the various environmental sources. Lead in petrol is widely assumed to be one of the most important sources and air and dust have been identified as the main routes to man. Water is regarded as an i...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/310138a0
更新日期：1984-07-12 00:00:00
abstract：:Direct dating of ductile shear zones and calculation of uplift/exhumation rates can be done using various radiometric dating techniques. But radiometric dating of shallow crustal faulting, which occurs in the crust's brittle regime, has remained difficult because the low temperatures typical of shallow crusted faults ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/35084053
更新日期：2001-07-12 00:00:00
abstract：:Inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (InsP(3)Rs) and ryanodine receptors (RyRs) are tetrameric intracellular Ca(2+) channels. In each of these receptor families, the pore, which is formed by carboxy-terminal transmembrane domains, is regulated by signals that are detected by large cytosolic structures. InsP(3)R gati...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature10751
更新日期：2012-01-29 00:00:00
abstract：:The main asteroid belt lies between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, but the region is not uniformly filled with asteroids. There are gaps, known as the Kirkwood gaps, in distinct locations that are associated with orbital resonances with the giant planets; asteroids placed in these locations will follow chaotic orbits...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature07778
更新日期：2009-02-26 00:00:00
abstract：:Therizinosauroids are an enigmatic group of dinosaurs known mostly from the Cretaceous period of Asia, whose derived members are characterized by elongate necks, laterally expanded pelves, small, leaf-shaped teeth, edentulous rostra and mandibular symphyses that probably bore keratinized beaks. Although more than a do...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature03468
更新日期：2005-05-05 00:00:00
abstract：:The Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV/HHV8) is a gamma-2 herpesvirus that is implicated in the pathogenesis of Kaposi's sarcoma and of primary effusion B-cell lymphomas (PELs). KSHV infects malignant and progenitor cells of Kaposi's sarcoma and PEL, it encodes putative oncogenes and genes that may cause Ka...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/34193
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A thermal light-emitting source, such as a black body or the incandescent filament of a light bulb, is often presented as a typical example of an incoherent source and is in marked contrast to a laser. Whereas a laser is highly monochromatic and very directional, a thermal source has a broad spectrum and is usually qu...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/416061a
更新日期：2002-03-07 00:00:00
abstract：:In the absence of a firm link between individual meteorites and their asteroidal parent bodies, asteroids are typically characterized only by their light reflection properties, and grouped accordingly into classes. On 6 October 2008, a small asteroid was discovered with a flat reflectance spectrum in the 554-995 nm wa...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature07920
更新日期：2009-03-26 00:00:00
abstract：:The formation and guidance of specialized endothelial tip cells is essential for both developmental and pathological angiogenesis. Notch-1 signalling regulates the generation of tip cells, which respond to gradients of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A). The molecular cues and signalling pathways that control...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature08995
更新日期：2010-05-27 00:00:00
abstract：:Chemical reactions inside single crystals are likely to be highly selective, but examples of single crystal to single crystal (SC-SC) transformations are uncommon, because crystallinity is difficult to retain following the rearrangement of atoms in the solid state. The most widely studied SC-SC transformations involve...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature09085
更新日期：2010-06-03 00:00:00
abstract：:Visible-light absorption and transport of the resultant electronic excitations to a reaction centre through Förster resonance energy transfer1-3 (FRET) are critical to the operation of biological light-harvesting systems4, and are used in various artificial systems made of synthetic dyes5, polymers6 or nanodots7,8. Th...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41586-020-03081-y
更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The biogenic amine transporters (BATs) regulate endogenous neurotransmitter concentrations and are targets for a broad range of therapeutic agents including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs). Because eukaryotic BATs...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature12648
更新日期：2013-11-07 00:00:00
