Stardust silicates from primitive meteorites.

abstract：:Endocytosis of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-encoded class I and class II molecules has been the subject of recent investigations. Class I molecules, which are key elements in T cell-mediated cytotoxicity, are differentially endocytosed by different cell types. Fibroblasts internalize their class I molecu...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Machy P,Truneh A,Gennaro D,Hoffstein S

更新日期：1987-08-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Sex and recombination are widespread, but explaining these phenomena has been one of the most difficult problems in evolutionary biology. Recombination is advantageous when different individuals in a population carry different advantageous alleles. By bringing together advantageous alleles onto the same chromosome, re...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Keightley PD,Otto SP

更新日期：2006-09-07 00:00:00

abstract：:The primary structure of the poliovirus genome has been determined. The RNA molecule is 7,433 nucleotides long, polyadenylated at the 3' terminus, and covalently linked to a small protein (VPg) at the 5' terminus. An open reading frame of 2,207 consecutive triplets spans over 89% of the nucleotide sequence and codes f...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Kitamura N,Semler BL,Rothberg PG,Larsen GR,Adler CJ,Dorner AJ,Emini EA,Hanecak R,Lee JJ,van der Werf S,Anderson CW,Wimmer E

更新日期：1981-06-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Understanding the capacity of natural populations to adapt to their local environment is a central topic in evolutionary biology. Phenotypic differences between populations may have a genetic basis, but showing that they reflect different adaptive optima requires the quantification of both gene flow and selection. Goo...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Postma E,van Noordwijk AJ

更新日期：2005-01-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Light absorption by the visual pigment rhodopsin triggers, through G-protein coupling, a cascade of events in the outer segment of the rod cell of the vertebrate retina that results in membrane hyperpolarization and nerve excitation. Rhodopsin, which contains 348 amino acids, has seven helices that cross the disk memb...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Schertler GF,Villa C,Henderson R

更新日期：1993-04-22 00:00:00

abstract：:The steel of Damascus blades, which were first encountered by the Crusaders when fighting against Muslims, had features not found in European steels--a characteristic wavy banding pattern known as damask, extraordinary mechanical properties, and an exceptionally sharp cutting edge. Here we use high-resolution transmis...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Reibold M,Paufler P,Levin AA,Kochmann W,Pätzke N,Meyer DC

更新日期：2006-11-16 00:00:00

abstract：:The cloning of mammals from differentiated donor cells has refuted the old dogma that development is an irreversible process. It has demonstrated that the oocyte can reprogramme an adult nucleus into an embryonic state that can direct development of a new organism. The prospect of deriving patient-specific embryonic s...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Hochedlinger K,Jaenisch R

更新日期：2006-06-29 00:00:00

abstract：:RNase P is the only endonuclease responsible for processing the 5' end of transfer RNA by cleaving a precursor and leading to tRNA maturation. It contains an RNA component and a protein component and has been identified in all organisms. It was one of the first catalytic RNAs identified and the first that acts as a mu...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Krasilnikov AS,Yang X,Pan T,Mondragón A

更新日期：2003-02-13 00:00:00

abstract：:SAMHD1, an analogue of the murine interferon (IFN)-γ-induced gene Mg11 (ref. 1), has recently been identified as a human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) restriction factor that blocks early-stage virus replication in dendritic and other myeloid cells and is the target of the lentiviral protein Vpx, which can relieve ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Goldstone DC,Ennis-Adeniran V,Hedden JJ,Groom HC,Rice GI,Christodoulou E,Walker PA,Kelly G,Haire LF,Yap MW,de Carvalho LP,Stoye JP,Crow YJ,Taylor IA,Webb M

更新日期：2011-11-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Post-transcriptional gene regulation frequently occurs through elements in mRNA 3' untranslated regions (UTRs). Although crucial roles for 3'UTR-mediated gene regulation have been found in Caenorhabditis elegans, most C. elegans genes have lacked annotated 3'UTRs. Here we describe a high-throughput method for reliable...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Jan CH,Friedman RC,Ruby JG,Bartel DP

更新日期：2011-01-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Understanding the determinants of healthy mental ageing is a priority for society today. So far, we know that intelligence differences show high stability from childhood to old age and there are estimates of the genetic contribution to intelligence at different ages. However, attempts to discover whether genetic cause...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Deary IJ,Yang J,Davies G,Harris SE,Tenesa A,Liewald D,Luciano M,Lopez LM,Gow AJ,Corley J,Redmond P,Fox HC,Rowe SJ,Haggarty P,McNeill G,Goddard ME,Porteous DJ,Whalley LJ,Starr JM,Visscher PM

更新日期：2012-01-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), the most common form of kidney cancer, is characterized by elevated glycogen levels and fat deposition. These consistent metabolic alterations are associated with normoxic stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) secondary to von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) mutations that occu...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Li B,Qiu B,Lee DS,Walton ZE,Ochocki JD,Mathew LK,Mancuso A,Gade TP,Keith B,Nissim I,Simon MC

更新日期：2014-09-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Melanocytes are phenotypically prominent but histologically inconspicuous skin cells. They are responsible for the pigmentation of skin and hair, and thereby contribute to the appearance of skin and provide protection from damage by ultraviolet radiation. Pigmentation mutants in various species are highly informative ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Lin JY,Fisher DE

更新日期：2007-02-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Relapse to cocaine use after prolonged abstinence is an important clinical problem. This relapse is often induced by exposure to cues associated with cocaine use. To account for the persistent propensity for relapse, it has been suggested that cue-induced cocaine craving increases over the first several weeks of absti...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Conrad KL,Tseng KY,Uejima JL,Reimers JM,Heng LJ,Shaham Y,Marinelli M,Wolf ME

更新日期：2008-07-03 00:00:00

abstract：:In Xenopus the c-mos proto-oncogene product (Mos) is essential for the initiation of oocyte maturation, for the progression from meiosis I to meiosis II and for the second meiotic metaphase arrest, acting as an essential component of the cytostatic factor CSF. Its function in mouse oocytes is unclear, however, as is t...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Hashimoto N,Watanabe N,Furuta Y,Tamemoto H,Sagata N,Yokoyama M,Okazaki K,Nagayoshi M,Takeda N,Ikawa Y

更新日期：1994-07-07 00:00:00

abstract：:The clinical success of the ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib in chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) serves as a model for molecularly targeted therapy of cancer, but at least two critical questions remain. Can imatinib eradicate leukaemic stem cells? What are the dynamics of relapse due to imatinib resistance, which...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Michor F,Hughes TP,Iwasa Y,Branford S,Shah NP,Sawyers CL,Nowak MA

更新日期：2005-06-30 00:00:00

abstract：:At most synapses in the brain, short-term plasticity dynamically modulates synaptic strength. Rapid frequency-dependent changes in synaptic strength have key roles in sensory adaptation, gain control and many other neural computations. However, some auditory, vestibular and cerebellar synapses maintain constant streng...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Turecek J,Jackman SL,Regehr WG

更新日期：2017-11-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Imperfect knowledge of the times at which 'snapshots' of a system are recorded degrades our ability to recover dynamical information, and can scramble the sequence of events. In X-ray free-electron lasers, for example, the uncertainty--the so-called timing jitter--between the arrival of an optical trigger ('pump') pul...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Fung R,Hanna AM,Vendrell O,Ramakrishna S,Seideman T,Santra R,Ourmazd A,Ourmazd A

更新日期：2016-04-28 00:00:00

abstract：:An inductor, one of the most fundamental circuit elements in modern electronic devices, generates a voltage proportional to the time derivative of the input current1. Conventional inductors typically consist of a helical coil and induce a voltage as a counteraction to time-varying magnetic flux penetrating the coil, f...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Yokouchi T,Kagawa F,Hirschberger M,Otani Y,Nagaosa N,Tokura Y

更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Stimulation of transient increases in intracellular calcium (Cai2+) activates protein kinases, regulates transcription and influences motility and morphology. Developing neurons generate spontaneous Cai2+ transients, but their role in directing neuronal differentiation and the way in which they encode information are ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Gu X,Spitzer NC

更新日期：1995-06-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Group I and II introns are mobile elements that propagate by insertion into different genes. Some introns of both types self-splice in vitro by transesterification reactions catalysed by the intron RNA. These transesterifications are reversible, and it has been suggested that reverse splicing followed by reverse trans...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Mohr G,Lambowitz AM

更新日期：1991-11-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Greek speakers say "omicronupsilonrho", Germans "schwanz" and the French "queue" to describe what English speakers call a 'tail', but all of these languages use a related form of 'two' to describe the number after one. Among more than 100 Indo-European languages and dialects, the words for some meanings (such as 'tail...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Pagel M,Atkinson QD,Meade A

更新日期：2007-10-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Apoptosis is a highly regulated process that is crucial for normal development and homeostasis of multicellular organisms. The p35 protein from baculoviruses effectively prevents apoptosis by its broad-spectrum caspase inhibition. Here we report the crystal structure of p35 in complex with human caspase-8 at 3.0 A res...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Xu G,Cirilli M,Huang Y,Rich RL,Myszka DG,Wu H

更新日期：2001-03-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Methane is a potent greenhouse gas that is produced in significant quantities by aerobic marine organisms. These bacteria apparently catalyse the formation of methane through the cleavage of the highly unreactive carbon-phosphorus bond in methyl phosphonate (MPn), but the biological or terrestrial source of this compo...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Kamat SS,Williams HJ,Dangott LJ,Chakrabarti M,Raushel FM

更新日期：2013-05-02 00:00:00

abstract：:The atmospheric partial pressure of carbon dioxide (p(CO(2))) will almost certainly be double that of pre-industrial levels by 2100 and will be considerably higher than at any time during the past few million years. The oceans are a principal sink for anthropogenic CO(2) where it is estimated to have caused a 30% incr...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Hall-Spencer JM,Rodolfo-Metalpa R,Martin S,Ransome E,Fine M,Turner SM,Rowley SJ,Tedesco D,Buia MC

更新日期：2008-07-03 00:00:00

abstract：:The neurotrophin receptor TrkB is essential for normal function of the mammalian brain. It is expressed in three splice variants. Full-length receptors (TrkB(FL)) possess an intracellular tyrosine kinase domain and are considered as those TrkB receptors that mediate the crucial effects of brain-derived neurotrophic fa...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Rose CR,Blum R,Pichler B,Lepier A,Kafitz KW,Konnerth A

更新日期：2003-11-06 00:00:00

abstract：:The maternal messenger RNA An3 was originally identified localized to the animal hemisphere of Xenopus laevis oocytes, eggs and early embryos. Xenopus embryos depend on mRNA and protein present in the egg before fertilization (maternal molecules) to provide the information needed for early development. Localization of...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Gururajan R,Perry-O'Keefe H,Melton DA,Weeks DL

更新日期：1991-02-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Proteins are inherently plastic molecules, whose function often critically depends on excursions between different molecular conformations (conformers). However, a rigorous understanding of the relation between a protein's structure, dynamics and function remains elusive. This is because many of the conformers on its ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Bouvignies G,Vallurupalli P,Hansen DF,Correia BE,Lange O,Bah A,Vernon RM,Dahlquist FW,Baker D,Kay LE

更新日期：2011-08-21 00:00:00

abstract：:The death of massive stars produces a variety of supernovae, which are linked to the structure of the exploding stars. The detection of several precursor stars of type II supernovae has been reported (see, for example, ref. 3), but we do not yet have direct information on the progenitors of the hydrogen-deficient type...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Pastorello A,Smartt SJ,Mattila S,Eldridge JJ,Young D,Itagaki K,Yamaoka H,Navasardyan H,Valenti S,Patat F,Agnoletto I,Augusteijn T,Benetti S,Cappellaro E,Boles T,Bonnet-Bidaud JM,Botticella MT,Bufano F,Cao C,Deng J,

更新日期：2007-06-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Mitochondria, organelles specialized in energy conservation reactions in eukaryotic cells, have evolved from eubacteria-like endosymbionts whose closest known relatives are the rickettsial group of alpha-proteobacteria. Because characterized mitochondrial genomes vary markedly in structure, it has been impossible to i...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Lang BF,Burger G,O'Kelly CJ,Cedergren R,Golding GB,Lemieux C,Sankoff D,Turmel M,Gray MW

更新日期：1997-05-29 00:00:00