Abstract:
:At most synapses in the brain, short-term plasticity dynamically modulates synaptic strength. Rapid frequency-dependent changes in synaptic strength have key roles in sensory adaptation, gain control and many other neural computations. However, some auditory, vestibular and cerebellar synapses maintain constant strength over a wide range of firing frequencies, and as a result efficiently encode firing rates. Despite its apparent simplicity, frequency-invariant transmission is difficult to achieve because of inherent synaptic nonlinearities. Here we study frequency-invariant transmission at synapses from Purkinje cells to deep cerebellar nuclei and at vestibular synapses in mice. Prolonged activation of these synapses leads to initial depression, which is followed by steady-state responses that are frequency invariant for their physiological activity range. We find that synaptotagmin 7 (Syt7), a calcium sensor for short-term facilitation, is present at both synapses. It was unclear why a sensor for facilitation would be present at these and other depressing synapses. We find that at Purkinje cell and vestibular synapses, Syt7 supports facilitation that is normally masked by depression, which can be revealed in wild-type mice but is absent in Syt7 knockout mice. In wild-type mice, facilitation increases with firing frequency and counteracts depression to produce frequency-invariant transmission. In Syt7-knockout mice, Purkinje cell and vestibular synapses exhibit conventional use-dependent depression, weakening to a greater extent as the firing frequency is increased. Presynaptic rescue of Syt7 expression restores both facilitation and frequency-invariant transmission. Our results identify a function for Syt7 at synapses that exhibit overall depression, and demonstrate that facilitation has an unexpected and important function in producing frequency-invariant transmission.
journal_name
Naturejournal_title
Natureauthors
Turecek J,Jackman SL,Regehr WGdoi
10.1038/nature24474subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-11-23 00:00:00pages
503-506issue
7681eissn
0028-0836issn
1476-4687pii
nature24474journal_volume
551pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
NATURE文献大全abstract::Chondrules and Ca-Al-rich inclusions (CAIs) are high-temperature components of meteorites that formed during transient heating events in the early Solar System. A major unresolved issue is the relative timing of CAI and chondrule formation. From the presence of chondrule fragments in an igneous CAI, it was concluded t...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature03470
更新日期:2005-04-21 00:00:00
abstract::The guanine nucleotide-binding stimulatory protein (Gs) couples hormone-receptor interaction to the activation of adenylate cyclase and the generation of cyclic AMP. Studies using frog neuroepithelium indicate that the sense of smell is mediated by a Gs-adenylate cyclase system, and this prompted us to test olfaction ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/322635a0
更新日期:1986-08-14 00:00:00
abstract::Although the influence of electrical activity on neural development has been studied extensively, experiments have only recently focused on the role of activity in the development of the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). Using tetrodotoxin (TTX) to abolish sodium-mediated action potentials, studies on the visual...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/323156a0
更新日期:1986-09-11 00:00:00
abstract::Olefin chemistry, through pericyclic reactions, polymerizations, oxidations, or reductions, has an essential role in the manipulation of organic matter. Despite its importance, olefin synthesis still relies largely on chemistry introduced more than three decades ago, with metathesis being the most recent addition. Her...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature22307
更新日期:2017-05-11 00:00:00
abstract::The assessment of changes in tropical cyclone activity within the context of anthropogenically influenced climate change has been limited by the short temporal resolution of the instrumental tropical cyclone record (less than 50 years). Furthermore, controversy exists regarding the robustness of the observational reco...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature12882
更新日期:2014-01-30 00:00:00
abstract::Malignancy is a common and dreaded complication following organ transplantation. The high incidence of neoplasm and its aggressive progression, which are associated with immunosuppressive therapy, are thought to be due to the resulting impairment of the organ recipient's immune-surveillance system. Here we report a me...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/17401
更新日期:1999-02-11 00:00:00
abstract::On being heated, ice melts into liquid water. Although in practice this process tends to be heterogeneous, it can occur homogeneously inside bulk ice. The thermally induced homogeneous melting of solids is fairly well understood, and involves the formation and growth of melting nuclei. But in the case of water, resili...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature12190
更新日期:2013-06-20 00:00:00
abstract::The relay of information through thalamus to cortex is dynamically gated, as illustrated by the retinogeniculocortical pathway. Important to this is the inhibitory interneuron in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). For the typical neuron, synaptic information arrives through postsynaptic dendrites and is transmitted...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/28855
更新日期:1998-07-30 00:00:00
abstract::Haematopoietic stem cells drive blood production, but their population size and lifetime dynamics have not been quantified directly in humans. Here we identified 129,582 spontaneous, genome-wide somatic mutations in 140 single-cell-derived haematopoietic stem and progenitor colonies from a healthy 59-year-old man and ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0497-0
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have designed a bacterial system that is switched between different states by red light. The system consists of a synthetic sensor kinase that allows a lawn of bacteria to function as a biological film, such that the projection of a pattern of light on to the bacteria produces a high-definition (about 100 megapixel...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature04405
更新日期:2005-11-24 00:00:00
abstract::Analytical tools that have spatial resolution at the nanometre scale are indispensable for the life and physical sciences. It is desirable that these tools also permit elemental and chemical identification on a scale of 10 nm or less, with large penetration depths. A variety of techniques in X-ray imaging are currentl...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature03719
更新日期:2005-06-30 00:00:00
abstract::Since the early 1980s, most electronics have relied on the use of complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) transistors. However, the principles of CMOS operation, involving a switchable semiconductor conductance controlled by an insulating gate, have remained largely unchanged, even as transistors are miniaturiz...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0770-2
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The recent discovery that the human T-cell lymphoma leukemia virus (HTLV) may be the agent of transmission of T-cell lymphoid malignancies raises ethical questions for blood transfusion services. The effort to avoid use of contaminated blood is dependent to a large extent on the willingness and ability of donors to g...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 新闻
doi:10.1038/302567a0
更新日期:1983-04-14 00:00:00
abstract::A parliamentary and union delegation has expressed to the British government its concern over the possible demise of the Genetic Manipulation Advisory Group (GMAG). The delegation proposed that GMAG continue to ensure the safe development of recombinant DNA technology and extend its role to cover the ethics of human ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 新闻
doi:10.1038/299387a0
更新日期:1982-09-30 00:00:00
abstract::Nitrogen (N) limits the productivity of many ecosystems worldwide, thereby restricting the ability of terrestrial ecosystems to offset the effects of rising atmospheric CO(2) emissions naturally. Understanding input pathways of bioavailable N is therefore paramount for predicting carbon (C) storage on land, particular...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature10415
更新日期:2011-08-31 00:00:00
abstract::In the absence of a firm link between individual meteorites and their asteroidal parent bodies, asteroids are typically characterized only by their light reflection properties, and grouped accordingly into classes. On 6 October 2008, a small asteroid was discovered with a flat reflectance spectrum in the 554-995 nm wa...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature07920
更新日期:2009-03-26 00:00:00
abstract::Direct lineage reprogramming represents a remarkable conversion of cellular and transcriptome states. However, the intermediate stages through which individual cells progress during reprogramming are largely undefined. Here we use single-cell RNA sequencing at multiple time points to dissect direct reprogramming from ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature18323
更新日期:2016-06-16 00:00:00
abstract::Cancer genetics has for many years focused on mutational events that have their primary effect within the cancer cell. Recently that focus has widened, with evidence of the importance of epigenetic events and of cellular interactions in cancer development. The role of common genetic variation in determining the range ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/35077207
更新日期:2001-05-17 00:00:00
abstract::Mutants of cdc2+ can disrupt the dependency of S phase on completion of the previous mitosis. By changing the state of p34cdc2 it is possible to reprogramme a cell from entering mitosis to undergoing S phase. This leads to the proposal that the cell cycle can be considered a p34cdc2 cycle, and has implications for the...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/349388a0
更新日期:1991-01-31 00:00:00
abstract:: ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/d41586-018-07366-1
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In infected cells, the RNA genomes of RNA tumour viruses are copied into DNA by a virus-encoded reverse transcriptase enzyme. This transfer of information from RNA into DNA was thought to be a unique feature of RNA tumour viruses, but recent results suggest it may be a more general strategy. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) ha...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/305827a0
更新日期:1983-10-27 00:00:00
abstract::Information from the human genome sequence will eventually alter many aspects of clinical practice. It will increase through our understanding of disease mechanisms, and guide the development of new drugs and therapeutic procedures. In the short term, however, knowledge of the genome will have a profound clinical impa...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/nature02624
更新日期:2004-05-27 00:00:00
abstract::The mechanism of self-tolerance is studied in T-cell-receptor transgenic mice expressing a receptor in many of their T cells for the male (H-Y) antigen in the context of class I H-2Db MHC antigens. Autospecific T cells are deleted in male mice. The deletion affects only transgene-expressing cells with a relatively hig...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/333742a0
更新日期:1988-06-23 00:00:00
abstract::It is thought that immunity depends on naive CD4 T cells that proliferate in response to microbial antigens, differentiate into memory cells that produce anti-microbial lymphokines, and migrate to sites of infection. Here we use immunohistology to enumerate individual naive CD4 T cells, specific for a model antigen, i...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/35065111
更新日期:2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The receptor for insulin-like growth factor type 2, also known as the cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor (Igf2/Mpr), is a multifunctional receptor thought to play a role in lysosomal targeting, cell growth and signal transduction. Igf2/Mpr has been mapped to the mouse Tme locus and shown to be an imprinte...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/372464a0
更新日期:1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antifreeze proteins provide fish with protection against the freezing effect of polar environments by binding to ice surfaces and inhibiting growth of ice crystals. We present the X-ray crystal structure at 1.5 A resolution of a lone alpha-helical antifreeze protein from winter flounder, which provides a detailed look...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/375427a0
更新日期:1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cpdm (chronic proliferative dermatitis) mice develop chronic dermatitis and an immunodeficiency with increased serum IgM, symptoms that resemble those of patients with X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome and hypohydrotic ectodermal dysplasia (XHM-ED), which is caused by mutations in NEMO (NF-κB essential modulator; also known...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature09815
更新日期:2011-03-31 00:00:00
abstract::As oligodendrocytes wrap axons of the central nervous system (CNS) with insulating myelin sheaths, sodium channels that are initially continuously distributed along axons become segregated into regularly spaced gaps in the myelin called nodes of Ranvier. It is not known whether the regular spacing of nodes results fro...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/386724a0
更新日期:1997-04-17 00:00:00
abstract::Courtship rituals serve to reinforce reproductive barriers between closely related species. Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila simulans exhibit reproductive isolation, owing in part to the fact that D. melanogaster females produce 7,11-heptacosadiene, a pheromone that promotes courtship in D. melanogaster males bu...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0322-9
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The observed number counts of high-redshift galaxy candidates have been used to build up a statistical description of star-forming activity at redshift z ≳ 7, when galaxies reionized the Universe. Standard models predict that a high incidence of gravitational lensing will probably distort measurements of flux and numb...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature09619
更新日期:2011-01-13 00:00:00