Materials: carbon nanotubes in an ancient Damascus sabre.

abstract：:One hundred years ago Albert Einstein introduced the concept of the photon. Although in the early years after 1905 the evidence for the quantum nature of light was not compelling, modern experiments--especially those using photon pairs--have beautifully confirmed its corpuscular character. Research on the quantum prop...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Zeilinger A,Weihs G,Jennewein T,Aspelmeyer M

更新日期：2005-01-20 00:00:00

abstract：:HIV-1 immunotherapy with a combination of first generation monoclonal antibodies was largely ineffective in pre-clinical and clinical settings and was therefore abandoned. However, recently developed single-cell-based antibody cloning methods have uncovered a new generation of far more potent broadly neutralizing anti...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Caskey M,Klein F,Lorenzi JC,Seaman MS,West AP Jr,Buckley N,Kremer G,Nogueira L,Braunschweig M,Scheid JF,Horwitz JA,Shimeliovich I,Ben-Avraham S,Witmer-Pack M,Platten M,Lehmann C,Burke LA,Hawthorne T,Gorelick RJ,Walk

更新日期：2015-06-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Quasicrystals are unique structures with long-range order but no periodicity. Their properties have intrigued scientists ever since their discovery and initial theoretical analysis. The lack of periodicity excludes the possibility of describing quasicrystal structures with well-established analytical tools, including ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Freedman B,Bartal G,Segev M,Lifshitz R,Christodoulides DN,Fleischer JW

更新日期：2006-04-27 00:00:00

abstract：:The structure of water near non-polar molecular fragments or surfaces mediates the hydrophobic interactions that underlie a broad range of interfacial, colloidal and biophysical phenomena. Substantial progress over the past decade has improved our understanding of hydrophobic interactions in simple model systems, but ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Ma CD,Wang C,Acevedo-Vélez C,Gellman SH,Abbott NL

更新日期：2015-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Excitatory synaptic transmission in the central nervous system is mediated primarily by the release of glutamate from presynaptic terminals onto postsynaptic channels gated by N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionate (AMPA) receptors. The myriad intracellular responses arisi...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Wang Y,Small DL,Stanimirovic DB,Morley P,Durkin JP

更新日期：1997-10-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Activation of RIPK1 controls TNF-mediated apoptosis, necroptosis and inflammatory pathways1. Cleavage of human and mouse RIPK1 after residues D324 and D325, respectively, by caspase-8 separates the RIPK1 kinase domain from the intermediate and death domains. The D325A mutation in mouse RIPK1 leads to embryonic lethali...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Tao P,Sun J,Wu Z,Wang S,Wang J,Li W,Pan H,Bai R,Zhang J,Wang Y,Lee PY,Ying W,Zhou Q,Hou J,Wang W,Sun B,Yang M,Liu D,Fang R,Han H,Yang Z,Huang X,Li H,Deuitch N,Zhang Y,Dissanayake D,Haude K,McWalter K

更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In obesity and type 2 diabetes, expression of the GLUT4 glucose transporter is decreased selectively in adipocytes. Adipose-specific Glut4 (also known as Slc2a4) knockout (adipose-Glut4(-/-)) mice show insulin resistance secondarily in muscle and liver. Here we show, using DNA arrays, that expression of retinol bindin...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Yang Q,Graham TE,Mody N,Preitner F,Peroni OD,Zabolotny JM,Kotani K,Quadro L,Kahn BB

更新日期：2005-07-21 00:00:00

abstract：:THE cause of extinction of the woolly mammoth, Mammuthus primigenius (Blumenbach), is still debated. A major environmental change at the Pleistocene-Holocene boundary, hunting by early man, or both together are among the main explanations that have been suggested. But hardly anyone has doubted that mammoths had become...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Vartanyan SL,Garutt VE,Sher AV

更新日期：1993-03-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Recognition of self-antigen-derived epitopes presented by major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II) molecules on thymic epithelial cells (TECs) is critical for the generation of a functional and self-tolerant CD4 T-cell repertoire. Whereas haematopoietic antigen-presenting cells generate MHC-II-peptide comple...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Nedjic J,Aichinger M,Emmerich J,Mizushima N,Klein L

更新日期：2008-09-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Transcription factors recognize specific genomic sequences to regulate complex gene-expression programs. Although it is well-established that transcription factors bind to specific DNA sequences using a combination of base readout and shape recognition, some fundamental aspects of protein-DNA binding remain poorly und...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Afek A,Shi H,Rangadurai A,Sahay H,Senitzki A,Xhani S,Fang M,Salinas R,Mielko Z,Pufall MA,Poon GMK,Haran TE,Schumacher MA,Al-Hashimi HM,Gordân R

更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In vitro studies of muscle mitochondrial metabolism in patients with mitochondrial myopathy have identified a variety of functional defects of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, predominantly affecting complex I (NADH-CoQ reductase) or complex III (ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase) in adult cases. These two enzymes ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Holt IJ,Harding AE,Morgan-Hughes JA

更新日期：1988-02-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Pressure is mounting to relax the regulations on importation of chimpanzees for research. Such a policy is unnecessary and would deepen the plight of an already endangered species. ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Prince AM,Moor-Jankowski J,Eichberg JW,Schellekens H,Mauler RF,Girard M,Goodall J

更新日期：1988-06-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Understanding the relative timings of climate events in the Northern and Southern hemispheres is a prerequisite for determining the causes of abrupt climate changes. But climate records from the Patagonian Andes and New Zealand for the period of transition from glacial to interglacial conditions--about 14.6-10 kyr bef...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Moreno PI,Jacobson GL Jr,Lowell TV,Denton GH

更新日期：2001-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The angle between the spin of a star and the orbital planes of its planets traces the history of the planetary system. Exoplanets orbiting close to cool stars are expected to be on circular, aligned orbits because of strong tidal interactions with the stellar convective envelope. Spin-orbit alignment can be measured w...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Bourrier V,Lovis C,Beust H,Ehrenreich D,Henry GW,Astudillo-Defru N,Allart R,Bonfils X,Ségransan D,Delfosse X,Cegla HM,Wyttenbach A,Heng K,Lavie B,Pepe F

更新日期：2018-01-25 00:00:00

abstract：:The tips of mammalian digits can regenerate after amputation, like those of amphibians. It is unknown why this capacity is limited to the area associated with the nail. Here we show that nail stem cells (NSCs) reside in the proximal nail matrix and that the mechanisms governing NSC differentiation are coupled directly...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Takeo M,Chou WC,Sun Q,Lee W,Rabbani P,Loomis C,Taketo MM,Ito M

更新日期：2013-07-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Distrust in scientific expertise1-14 is dangerous. Opposition to vaccination with a future vaccine against SARS-CoV-2, the causal agent of COVID-19, for example, could amplify outbreaks2-4, as happened for measles in 20195,6. Homemade remedies7,8 and falsehoods are being shared widely on the Internet, as well as dismi...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Johnson NF,Velásquez N,Restrepo NJ,Leahy R,Gabriel N,El Oud S,Zheng M,Manrique P,Wuchty S,Lupu Y

更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ability of collapsing (cavitating) bubbles to focus and concentrate energy, forces and stresses is at the root of phenomena such as cavitation damage, sonochemistry or sonoluminescence. In a biomedical context, ultrasound-driven microbubbles have been used to enhance contrast in ultrasonic images. The observation ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Marmottant P,Hilgenfeldt S

更新日期：2003-05-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Many chemical and physical systems can occur in two forms distinguished solely by being mirror images of each other. This phenomenon, known as chirality, is important in biochemistry, where reactions involving chiral molecules often require the participation of one specific enantiomer (mirror image) of the two possibl...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Rikken GL,Raupach E

更新日期：2000-06-22 00:00:00

abstract：:The development of cancer is contingent on the emergence of at least one clone of transformed cells. One method used to investigate whether human tumours are monoclonal depends on the mosaicism in the normal tissues of women heterozygous for the two forms of the enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD). This ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Woodruff MF,Ansell JD,Forbes GM,Gordon JC,Burton DI,Micklem HS

更新日期：1982-10-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Growth factors raise intracellular pH (pHi) by stimulating Na+/H+ exchange in the absence of HCO3-. In mutant cells that lack the Na+/H+ exchange activity, this alkalinization does not occur, and the cells do not proliferate without artificial elevation of pHi. It has therefore been widely suggested that an early pHi ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Ganz MB,Boyarsky G,Sterzel RB,Boron WF

更新日期：1989-02-16 00:00:00

abstract：:The normal cellular homologue of the acutely transforming oncogene v-raf is c-raf-1, which encodes a serine/threonine protein kinase that is activated by many extracellular stimuli. The physiological substrates of the protein c-Raf-1 are unknown. The mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases Erk1 and 2 are also activate...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Kyriakis JM,App H,Zhang XF,Banerjee P,Brautigan DL,Rapp UR,Avruch J

更新日期：1992-07-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Brain development and function depend on the precise regulation of gene expression. However, our understanding of the complexity and dynamics of the transcriptome of the human brain is incomplete. Here we report the generation and analysis of exon-level transcriptome and associated genotyping data, representing males ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Kang HJ,Kawasawa YI,Cheng F,Zhu Y,Xu X,Li M,Sousa AM,Pletikos M,Meyer KA,Sedmak G,Guennel T,Shin Y,Johnson MB,Krsnik Z,Mayer S,Fertuzinhos S,Umlauf S,Lisgo SN,Vortmeyer A,Weinberger DR,Mane S,Hyde TM,Huttner A

更新日期：2011-10-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Joining dissimilar materials such as plastics and metals in engineered structures remains a challenge1. Mechanical fastening, conventional welding and adhesive bonding are examples of techniques currently used for this purpose, but each of these methods presents its own set of problems2 such as formation of stress con...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Rivera J,Hosseini MS,Restrepo D,Murata S,Vasile D,Parkinson DY,Barnard HS,Arakaki A,Zavattieri P,Kisailus D

更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Actin is one of the most ubiquitous, abundant and well-conserved proteins of eukaryotes, participating in many crucial cellular processes including the maintenance of cell shape, motility and cell division. Actins from the most divergent sources still share amino-acid identities in excess of 70% (ref. 3). This may wel...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Clark SW,Meyer DI

更新日期：1992-09-17 00:00:00

abstract：:The sensation of pain is carried to the central nervous system by small-diameter fibres which terminate in the superficial layers of the spinal grey matter, particularly the substantia gelatinosa. Opiate drugs administered into the substantia gelatinosa inhibit the excitation of deeper dorsal horn neurones by noxious ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Yoshimura M,North RA

更新日期：1983-10-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Much of our current knowledge about mitochondria has come from studying patients who have respiratory chain disorders. These disorders comprise a large collection of individually rare syndromes, each presenting in a unique and often devastating way. In recent years, there has been great progress in defining their gene...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Vafai SB,Mootha VK

更新日期：2012-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Chromatin is traditionally viewed as a nuclear entity that regulates gene expression and silencing. However, we recently discovered the presence of cytoplasmic chromatin fragments that pinch off from intact nuclei of primary cells during senescence, a form of terminal cell-cycle arrest associated with pro-inflammatory...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Dou Z,Ghosh K,Vizioli MG,Zhu J,Sen P,Wangensteen KJ,Simithy J,Lan Y,Lin Y,Zhou Z,Capell BC,Xu C,Xu M,Kieckhaefer JE,Jiang T,Shoshkes-Carmel M,Tanim KMAA,Barber GN,Seykora JT,Millar SE,Kaestner KH,Garcia BA,Ada

更新日期：2017-10-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Activation of oncogenes by mechanisms other than genetic aberrations such as mutations, translocations, or amplifications is largely undefined. Here we report a novel isoform of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) that is expressed in ∼11% of melanomas and sporadically in other human cancer types, but not in normal t...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Wiesner T,Lee W,Obenauf AC,Ran L,Murali R,Zhang QF,Wong EW,Hu W,Scott SN,Shah RH,Landa I,Button J,Lailler N,Sboner A,Gao D,Murphy DA,Cao Z,Shukla S,Hollmann TJ,Wang L,Borsu L,Merghoub T,Schwartz GK,Postow MA

更新日期：2015-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:A major component of the large genomes of higher plants and vertebrates comprises transposable elements and their derivatives, which potentially reduce the stability of the genome. It has been proposed that methylation of cytosine residues may suppress transposition, but experimental evidence for this has been limited...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Miura A,Yonebayashi S,Watanabe K,Toyama T,Shimada H,Kakutani T

更新日期：2001-05-10 00:00:00

abstract：:A pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease is the deposition of amyloid fibrils in the brain. The principal component of amyloid fibrils is beta/A4 amyloid protein, which can be generated by the aberrant processing of a large membrane-bound glycoprotein, the beta/A4 amyloid protein precursor (APP)3. To test whethe...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Yoshikawa K,Aizawa T,Hayashi Y

更新日期：1992-09-03 00:00:00