Evolution of antibiotic resistance is linked to any genetic mechanism affecting bacterial duration of carriage.

abstract：:Enolase genes from land plants and apicomplexa (intracellular parasites, including the malarial parasite, Plasmodium) share two short insertions. This observation has led to the suggestion that the apicomplexan enolase is the product of a lateral transfer event involving the algal endosymbiont from which the apicomple...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Keeling PJ,Palmer JD

更新日期：2001-09-11 00:00:00

abstract：:We consider many-body problems in classical mechanics where a wide range of time scales limits what can be computed. We apply the method of optimal prediction to obtain equations that are easier to solve numerically. We demonstrate by examples that optimal prediction can reduce the amount of computation needed to obta...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kast AP

更新日期：2000-06-06 00:00:00

abstract：:T-cell migration into tissue depends on a cascade of rapid and selective adhesive interactions with endothelium. "Triggering" is a step in that cascade required to activate T-cell integrins. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) may be a physiologically relevant trigger, since we demonstrate that HGF can induce both adhesion...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Adams DH,Harvath L,Bottaro DP,Interrante R,Catalano G,Tanaka Y,Strain A,Hubscher SG,Shaw S

更新日期：1994-07-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Many cyanobacteria alter their phycobilisome composition in response to changes in light wavelength in a process termed complementary chromatic adaptation. Mutant strains FdR1 and FdR2 of the filamentous cyanobacterium Fremyella diplosiphon are characterized by aberrant chromatic adaptation. Instead of adjusting to di...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chiang GG,Schaefer MR,Grossman AR

更新日期：1992-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:We have synthesized two sets of 15-base-long oligodeoxyribonucleotides corresponding to all possible coding sequences for a small portion of human beta 2-microglobulin. Labeled oligonucleotides were used as hybridization probes to screen bacterial clones containing cDNA sequences primed with oligo(dT) and inserted int...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Suggs SV,Wallace RB,Hirose T,Kawashima EH,Itakura K

更新日期：1981-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We propose approaching prediction from a framework grounded in the theoretical correct prediction rate of a variable set as a parameter of interest. This framework allows us to define a measure of predictivity that enables assessing variable sets for, preferably high, predictivity. We first define the prediction rate ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lo A,Chernoff H,Zheng T,Lo SH

更新日期：2016-12-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Transgenic mice expressing the sequences coding for the envelope proteins of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) in the liver have been used as a model of the HBV chronic carrier state. We evaluated the possibility of inducing a specific immune response to the viral envelope antigens and thus potentially controlling chronic H...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mancini M,Hadchouel M,Davis HL,Whalen RG,Tiollais P,Michel ML

更新日期：1996-10-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Total heterogeneous nuclear RNA from HeLa cells infected with adenovirus for 18-20 hr stimulates amino acid incorporation into protein in a cell-free system from Ehrlich ascites tumors. This stimulation of protein synthesis by the nuclear RNA requires intact nuclei. The role of nuclei in this system is unknown, but ev...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chatterjee NK,Weissbach H

更新日期：1974-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is suggested that active transport, muscle contraction, and ribosomal translocation may all make use of a common allosteric mechanism in which ATP or GTP serves as both the effector and substrate and in which a conformational change in a protein (enzyme) moves or exerts a force on a second ligand. The enzymatic spl...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hill TL

更新日期：1969-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neurons in macaque primary visual cortex are spatially arranged by their global topographic position and in at least three overlapping local modular systems: ocular dominance columns, orientation pinwheels, and cytochrome oxidase (CO) blobs. Individual neurons in the blobs are not tuned to orientation, and populations...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Polimeni JR,Granquist-Fraser D,Wood RJ,Schwartz EL

更新日期：2005-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent studies have shown that genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) exhibit reduced expression in skeletal muscle of diabetic and prediabetic humans. Moreover, these changes may be mediated by the transcriptional coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1alph...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mootha VK,Handschin C,Arlow D,Xie X,St Pierre J,Sihag S,Yang W,Altshuler D,Puigserver P,Patterson N,Willy PJ,Schulman IG,Heyman RA,Lander ES,Spiegelman BM

更新日期：2004-04-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Fanconi anemia (FA) is a recessive disorder characterized by congenital abnormalities, progressive bone-marrow failure, and cancer susceptibility. Cells from FA patients are hypersensitive to agents that produce DNA crosslinks and, after treatment with these agents, have pronounced chromosome breakage and other cytoge...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nakanishi K,Yang YG,Pierce AJ,Taniguchi T,Digweed M,D'Andrea AD,Wang ZQ,Jasin M

更新日期：2005-01-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Two-dimensional Raman-terahertz (THz) spectroscopy is presented as a multidimensional spectroscopy directly in the far-IR regime. The method is used to explore the dynamics of the collective intermolecular modes of liquid water at ambient temperatures that emerge from the hydrogen-bond networks water forming. Two-dime...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Savolainen J,Ahmed S,Hamm P

更新日期：2013-12-17 00:00:00

abstract：:We induced sublimation of suspended few-layer graphene by in situ Joule-heating inside a transmission electron microscope. The graphene sublimation fronts consisted of mostly {1100} zigzag edges. Under appropriate conditions, a fractal-like "coastline" morphology was observed. Extensive multiple-layer reconstructions ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Huang JY,Ding F,Yakobson BI,Lu P,Qi L,Li J

更新日期：2009-06-23 00:00:00

abstract：:The human eosinophil differentiation factor (EDF) gene was cloned from a genomic library in lambda phage EMBL3A by using a murine EDF cDNA clone as a probe. The DNA sequence of a 3.2-kilobase BamHI fragment spanning the gene was determined. The gene contains three introns. The predicted amino acid sequence of 134 amin...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Campbell HD,Tucker WQ,Hort Y,Martinson ME,Mayo G,Clutterbuck EJ,Sanderson CJ,Young IG

更新日期：1987-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Na(+)/I(-) symporter (NIS) is a key plasma membrane protein that mediates active I(-) uptake in the thyroid, lactating breast, and other tissues with an electrogenic stoichiometry of 2 Na(+) per I(-). In the thyroid, NIS-mediated I(-) uptake is the first step in the biosynthesis of the iodine-containing thyroid ho...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Dohán O,Portulano C,Basquin C,Reyna-Neyra A,Amzel LM,Carrasco N

更新日期：2007-12-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Here we show how a simple inorganic salt can spontaneously form autocatalytic sets of replicating inorganic molecules that work via molecular recognition based on the {PMo12} ≡ [PMo12O40]3- Keggin ion, and {Mo36} ≡ [H3Mo57M6(NO)6O183(H2O)18]22- cluster. These small clusters are able to catalyze their own formation via...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Miras HN,Mathis C,Xuan W,Long DL,Pow R,Cronin L

更新日期：2020-05-19 00:00:00

abstract：:The heavy chains of both botulinum neurotoxin type B and tetanus toxin form channels in planar bilayer membranes. These channels have pH-dependent and voltage-dependent properties that are remarkably similar to those previously described for diphtheria toxin. Selectivity experiments with anions and cations show that t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hoch DH,Romero-Mira M,Ehrlich BE,Finkelstein A,DasGupta BR,Simpson LL

更新日期：1985-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:MyoD is a master regulatory gene for myogenesis. Its product, the MyoD protein, appears to act by binding to muscle-specific enhancer sequences. We show that MyoD binds cooperatively to two sites in the muscle-specific creatine kinase enhancer; this is dramatically reflected in dissociation-rate measurements. A deleti...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Weintraub H,Davis R,Lockshon D,Lassar A

更新日期：1990-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Autocatalytic activation of an initiator caspase triggers the onset of apoptosis. In dying cells, caspase-9 activation is mediated by a multimeric adaptor complex known as the Apaf-1 apoptosome. The molecular mechanism by which caspase-9 is activated by the Apaf-1 apoptosome remains largely unknown. Here we demonstrat...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hu Q,Wu D,Chen W,Yan Z,Yan C,He T,Liang Q,Shi Y

更新日期：2014-11-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite significant infiltration into tumors and atherosclerotic plaques, the role of T lymphocytes in these pathological conditions is still unclear. We have demonstrated that tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and plaque-infiltrating lymphocytes (PILs) produce heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth f...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Peoples GE,Blotnick S,Takahashi K,Freeman MR,Klagsbrun M,Eberlein TJ

更新日期：1995-07-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Type I cadherin cell-adhesion proteins are similar in sequence and structure and yet are different enough to mediate highly specific cell-cell recognition phenomena. It has previously been shown that small differences in the homophilic and heterophilic binding affinities of different type I family members can account ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Vendome J,Felsovalyi K,Song H,Yang Z,Jin X,Brasch J,Harrison OJ,Ahlsen G,Bahna F,Kaczynska A,Katsamba PS,Edmond D,Hubbell WL,Shapiro L,Honig B

更新日期：2014-10-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Genetic potentials (pedigree-estimated breeding value) for milk and for fat were compared in cows grouped according to subclinical stage of bovine leukemia virus infection. Genetic potential for milk production was significantly greater in seropositive cows with persistent lymphocytosis (622 +/- 72 kg) and in seroposi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wu MC,Shanks RD,Lewin HA

更新日期：1989-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Effective therapies for most solid cancers, especially those that have progressed to metastasis, remain elusive because of inherent and acquired resistance of tumor cells to conventional treatments. Additionally, the effective therapeutic window for many protocols can be very narrow, frequently resulting in toxicity. ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lebedeva IV,Washington I,Sarkar D,Clark JA,Fine RL,Dent P,Curiel DT,Turro NJ,Fisher PB

更新日期：2007-02-27 00:00:00

abstract：:In an fMRI experiment, participants were exposed to narratives based on true stories designed to evoke admiration and compassion in 4 distinct categories: admiration for virtue (AV), admiration for skill (AS), compassion for social/psychological pain (CSP), and compassion for physical pain (CPP). The goal was to test ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Immordino-Yang MH,McColl A,Damasio H,Damasio A

更新日期：2009-05-12 00:00:00

abstract：:We examined the distributions of short tandemly repeated DNAs (microsatellites) in nine complete microbial genomes (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Archaeoglobus fulgidus, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae, Helicobacter pylori, Methanococcus jannaschii, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, M. genitalium, and Synechocystis PCC6803....

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Field D,Wills C

更新日期：1998-02-17 00:00:00

abstract：:The nicotinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptor (nAChR) plays a crucial role in excitatory neurotransmission and is an important target for drugs and insecticides. Diverse nAChR subtypes with various subunit combinations confer differential selectivity for nicotinic drugs. We investigated the subtype selectivity of nAChR a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tomizawa M,Maltby D,Talley TT,Durkin KA,Medzihradszky KF,Burlingame AL,Taylor P,Casida JE

更新日期：2008-02-05 00:00:00

abstract：:A cell separation technique was designed based on the interaction between cell-surface-bound IgG and protein A of Staphylococcus aureus. The density of lymphoid cells coated with IgG antibodies against one of the surface markers was increased by adherence of staphylococci. Cells with adhering bacteria were separated f...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ghetie V,Nilsson K,Sjöquist J

更新日期：1974-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The S100A8/S100A9 heterodimer calprotectin (CP) functions in the host response to pathogens through a mechanism termed "nutritional immunity." CP binds Mn(2+) and Zn(2+) with high affinity and starves bacteria of these essential nutrients. Combining biophysical, structural, and microbiological analysis, we identified ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Damo SM,Kehl-Fie TE,Sugitani N,Holt ME,Rathi S,Murphy WJ,Zhang Y,Betz C,Hench L,Fritz G,Skaar EP,Chazin WJ

更新日期：2013-03-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Host factor protein Cyclophilin A (CypA) regulates HIV-1 viral infectivity through direct interactions with the viral capsid, by an unknown mechanism. CypA can either promote or inhibit viral infection, depending on host cell type and HIV-1 capsid (CA) protein sequence. We have examined the role of conformational dyna...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lu M,Hou G,Zhang H,Suiter CL,Ahn J,Byeon IJ,Perilla JR,Langmead CJ,Hung I,Gor'kov PL,Gan Z,Brey W,Aiken C,Zhang P,Schulten K,Gronenborn AM,Polenova T

更新日期：2015-11-24 00:00:00