Spontaneous formation of autocatalytic sets with self-replicating inorganic metal oxide clusters.

abstract：:Mutations at the mouse limb deformity (ld) locus result in defects of growth and patterning of the limb and kidney during embryonic development. The gene responsible for this phenotype is large and complex, with the capacity to generate a number of alternatively spliced messenger RNA transcripts encoding nuclear prote...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Vogt TF,Jackson-Grusby L,Rush J,Leder P

更新日期：1993-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:It was proved that the protoplasts prepared from mesophyll of Nicotiana tabacum are infected by tobacco mosaic virus. The infection occurred when purified tobacco mosaic virus particles were added to a protoplast suspension in the presence of poly-L-ornithine. The virus multiplied in these protoplasts to a level of 10...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Takebe I,Otsuki Y

更新日期：1969-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An approach based on mosquitoes carrying a conditional dominant lethal gene (release of insects carrying a dominant lethal, RIDL) is being developed to control the transmission of dengue viruses by vector population suppression. A transgenic strain, designated OX3604C, of the major dengue vector, Aedes aegypti, was en...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wise de Valdez MR,Nimmo D,Betz J,Gong HF,James AA,Alphey L,Black WC 4th

更新日期：2011-03-22 00:00:00

abstract：:The Mecp2 gene has been shown to be mutated in most cases of human Rett syndrome, and mouse models deleted for the ortholog have been generated. Lineage-specific deletion of the gene indicated that the Rett-like phenotype is caused by Mecp2 deficiency in neurons. Biochemical evidence suggests that Mecp2 acts as a glob...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tudor M,Akbarian S,Chen RZ,Jaenisch R

更新日期：2002-11-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Perfusion of rat hearts with Krebs--Henseleit medium containing 10 mM L-leucine methyl ester leads to swelling of lysosomes and loss of lysosomal integrity within 30-60 min. No morphological changes can be detected in the nuclei, mitochondria, sarcoplasmic reticulum, or Golgi complex as a result of the treatment with ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Reeves JP,Decker RS,Crie JS,Wildenthal K

更新日期：1981-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:With decreasing temperature, liquids generally freeze into a solid state, losing entropy in the process. However, exceptions to this trend exist, such as quantum liquids, which may remain unfrozen down to absolute zero owing to strong quantum entanglement effects that stabilize a disordered state with zero entropy. Ex...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Katayama N,Kimura K,Han Y,Nasu J,Drichko N,Nakanishi Y,Halim M,Ishiguro Y,Satake R,Nishibori E,Yoshizawa M,Nakano T,Nozue Y,Wakabayashi Y,Ishihara S,Hagiwara M,Sawa H,Nakatsuji S

更新日期：2015-07-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Even in the absence of sensory stimulation, the neocortex shows complex spontaneous activity patterns, often consisting of alternating "DOWN" states of generalized neural silence and "UP" states of massive, persistent network activity. To investigate how this spontaneous activity propagates through neuronal assemblies...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Luczak A,Barthó P,Marguet SL,Buzsáki G,Harris KD

更新日期：2007-01-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Polymersomes, which are stable and robust vesicles made of block copolymer amphiphiles, are good candidates for drug carriers or micro/nanoreactors. Polymer chemistry enables almost unlimited molecular design of responsive polymersomes whose degradation upon environmental changes has been used for the slow release of ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mabrouk E,Cuvelier D,Brochard-Wyart F,Nassoy P,Li MH

更新日期：2009-05-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Replication of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus (SARS-CoV) requires proteolytic processing of the replicase polyprotein by two viral cysteine proteases, a chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro) and a papain-like protease (PLpro). These proteases are important targets for development of antiviral drugs...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ratia K,Saikatendu KS,Santarsiero BD,Barretto N,Baker SC,Stevens RC,Mesecar AD

更新日期：2006-04-11 00:00:00

abstract：:An effective metabolism is essential to all living organisms, including the important human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. To establish successful infection, S. aureus must scavenge nutrients and coordinate its metabolism for proliferation. Meanwhile, it also must produce an array of virulence factors to interfere wi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ding Y,Liu X,Chen F,Di H,Xu B,Zhou L,Deng X,Wu M,Yang CG,Lan L

更新日期：2014-11-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Understanding the ecological impacts of climate change is a crucial challenge of the twenty-first century. There is a clear lack of general rules regarding the impacts of global warming on biota. Here, we present a metaanalysis of the effect of climate change on body size of ectothermic aquatic organisms (bacteria, ph...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Daufresne M,Lengfellner K,Sommer U

更新日期：2009-08-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Quantitatively identifying direct dependencies between variables is an important task in data analysis, in particular for reconstructing various types of networks and causal relations in science and engineering. One of the most widely used criteria is partial correlation, but it can only measure linearly direct associ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zhao J,Zhou Y,Zhang X,Chen L

更新日期：2016-05-03 00:00:00

abstract：:The rat brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) gene consists of four 5' exons linked to separate promoters and one 3' exon encoding the prepro-BDNF protein. To gain insights into the regulation of BDNF mRNA expression, probes specific for the different 5' exons were used to study the expression of BDNF mRNA in the br...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Metsis M,Timmusk T,Arenas E,Persson H

更新日期：1993-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Conformationally compromised oncogenic mutants of the tumor suppressor protein p53 can, in principle, be rescued by small molecules that bind the native, but not the denatured state. We describe a strategy for the rational search for such molecules. A nine-residue peptide, CDB3, which was derived from a p53 binding pr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Friedler A,Hansson LO,Veprintsev DB,Freund SM,Rippin TM,Nikolova PV,Proctor MR,Rüdiger S,Fersht AR

更新日期：2002-01-22 00:00:00

abstract：:An array of photoreceptors including cryptochromes, phototropin, and phytochromes regulates various light responses in plants. Among these photoreceptors, phytochromes perceive red and far-red light by switching between two interconvertible spectral forms (Pr and Pfr). The Pfr form promotes light responses partly by d...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Paik I,Yang S,Choi G

更新日期：2012-01-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Nitric oxide-releasing compounds were shown to activate an ADP-ribosyltransferase activity in the cytosol of Dictyostelium discoideum. The enzyme ADP-ribosylated a cytosolic protein of approximately 41 kDa, p41. Neither cGMP nor GTP and its analogues affected this ADP-ribosylation. p41 differs from other substrates AD...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tao Y,Howlett A,Klein C

更新日期：1992-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Poly(ADP ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) have efficacy in triple negative breast (TNBC) and ovarian cancers (OCs) harboring BRCA mutations, generating homologous recombination deficiencies (HRDs). DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (DNMTi) increase PARP trapping and reprogram the DNA damage response to generate HR...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： McLaughlin LJ,Stojanovic L,Kogan AA,Rutherford JL,Choi EY,Yen RC,Xia L,Zou Y,Lapidus RG,Baylin SB,Topper MJ,Rassool FV

更新日期：2020-07-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Four polyimidazoles were used in the binding and cleavage studies with poly(U). The two polydisperse polyvinylimidazoles were previously described by others, while the other two new polymers of polyethyleneimines were prepared by cationic polymerization of oxazolines. The latter had imidazole units attached to each ni...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cheng L,Abhilash KG,Breslow R

更新日期：2012-08-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Duodenal bicarbonate secretion (DBS) is accepted as the primary mucosal defense against acid discharged from the stomach and is impaired in patients with duodenal ulcer disease. The secretory response to luminal acid is the main physiological stimulus for DBS and involves mediation by PGE2 produced by mucosal cells. T...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Leppilampi M,Parkkila S,Karttunen T,Gut MO,Gros G,Sjöblom M

更新日期：2005-10-18 00:00:00

abstract：:The crown gall teratoma tumor line BT37, incited by Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain T37, has been found to contain part of the tumor-inducing plasmid, pTi T37, of the inciting strain. This foreign DNA segment, called T-DNA, is maintained at several copies per diploid tumor cell. We have examined subcellular DNA fract...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chilton MD,Saiki RK,Yadav N,Gordon MP,Quetier F

更新日期：1980-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Variable regions of Ig chains provide the antigen recognition portion of B-cell receptors and derivative antibodies. Ig heavy-chain variable region exons are assembled developmentally from V, D, J gene segments. Each variable region contains three antigen-contacting complementarity-determining regions (CDRs), with CDR...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hwang JK,Wang C,Du Z,Meyers RM,Kepler TB,Neuberg D,Kwong PD,Mascola JR,Joyce MG,Bonsignori M,Haynes BF,Yeap LS,Alt FW

更新日期：2017-08-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible neurodegenerative disorder that has a progression that is closely associated with oxidative stress. It has long been speculated that the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in AD brains is much higher than that in healthy brains. However, evidence from living beings is scarc...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yang J,Zhang X,Yuan P,Yang J,Xu Y,Grutzendler J,Shao Y,Moore A,Ran C

更新日期：2017-11-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Mechanisms that enabled primitive cell membranes to self-reproduce have been discussed based on the physicochemical properties of fatty acids; however, there must be a transition to modern cell membranes composed of phospholipids [Budin I, Szostak JW (2011) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 108:5249-5254]. Thus, a growth-divisio...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Terasawa H,Nishimura K,Suzuki H,Matsuura T,Yomo T

更新日期：2012-04-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Population intelligence quotients increased throughout the 20th century-a phenomenon known as the Flynn effect-although recent years have seen a slowdown or reversal of this trend in several countries. To distinguish between the large set of proposed explanations, we categorize hypothesized causal factors by whether t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bratsberg B,Rogeberg O

更新日期：2018-06-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Forebrain cholinergic neurons play important roles as striatal local circuit neurons and basal telencephalic projection neurons. The genetic mechanisms that control development of these neurons suggest that most of them are derived from the basal telencephalon where Lhx8, a LIM-homeobox gene, is expressed. Here we rep...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zhao Y,Marín O,Hermesz E,Powell A,Flames N,Palkovits M,Rubenstein JL,Westphal H

更新日期：2003-07-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Fish have somehow colonized isolated water bodies all over the world without human assistance. It has long been speculated that these colonization events are assisted by waterbirds, transporting fish eggs attached to their feet and feathers, yet empirical support for this is lacking. Recently, it was suggested that en...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lovas-Kiss Á,Vincze O,Löki V,Pallér-Kapusi F,Halasi-Kovács B,Kovács G,Green AJ,Lukács BA

更新日期：2020-07-07 00:00:00

abstract：:In savannas, predicting how vegetation varies is a longstanding challenge. Spatial patterning in vegetation may structure that variability, mediated by spatial interactions, including competition and facilitation. Here, we use unique high-resolution, spatially extensive data of tree distributions in an African savanna...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Staver AC,Asner GP,Rodriguez-Iturbe I,Levin SA,Smit IPJ

更新日期：2019-05-28 00:00:00

abstract：:We describe the use of the matrix eigenvalue decomposition (EVD) and pseudoinverse projection and a tensor higher-order EVD (HOEVD) in reconstructing the pathways that compose a cellular system from genome-scale nondirectional networks of correlations among the genes of the system. The EVD formulates a genes x genes n...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Alter O,Golub GH

更新日期：2005-12-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Coincidence cloning allows the isolation of sequences held in common by two genomic DNA populations. Human DNA from two human-hamster hybrid cell lines was amplified by Alu-repeat primers (Alu PCR) and the products originating from the shared human chromosomal region were cloned. To achieve this, human sequences were ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Aslanidis C,de Jong PJ

更新日期：1991-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pinus taeda L. (loblolly pine) and Arabidopsis thaliana differ greatly in form, ecological niche, evolutionary history, and genome size. Arabidopsis is a small, herbaceous, annual dicotyledon, whereas pines are large, long-lived, coniferous forest trees. Such diverse plants might be expected to differ in a large numbe...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kirst M,Johnson AF,Baucom C,Ulrich E,Hubbard K,Staggs R,Paule C,Retzel E,Whetten R,Sederoff R

更新日期：2003-06-10 00:00:00