In situ observation of graphene sublimation and multi-layer edge reconstructions.

abstract：:Plasmodium vivax uses a single member of the Duffy binding-like (DBL) receptor family to invade erythrocytes and is not found in West Africa where its erythrocyte ligand, the Duffy blood group antigen, is missing. In contrast, Plasmodium falciparum expresses four members of the DBL family, and remarkably, single-point...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mayer DC,Jiang L,Achur RN,Kakizaki I,Gowda DC,Miller LH

更新日期：2006-02-14 00:00:00

abstract：:The three-dimensional organization of HLA antigens has been investigated by spectroscopic and immunochemical techniques. Measurement of the circular dichroism shows that in papain-solubilized HLA the heavy chain as well as the previously studied light chain (beta 2-microglobulin) consists predominantly of beta-pleated...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lancet D,Parham P,Strominger JL

更新日期：1979-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have grown crystals of a soluble recombinant form of human CD4, a transmembrane glycoprotein found predominantly on the surface of helper T cells. Crystals composed of the entire extracellular portion of CD4 exhibit extensive polymorphism. Of the five crystal types that have been grown, the best diffracts to Bragg ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kwong PD,Ryu SE,Hendrickson WA,Axel R,Sweet RM,Folena-Wasserman G,Hensley P,Sweet RW

更新日期：1990-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Acquired resistance to androgen receptor (AR)-targeted therapies compels the development of novel treatment strategies for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Here, we report a profound effect of endostatin on prostate cancer cells by efficient intracellular trafficking, direct interaction with AR, reduction ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lee JH,Isayeva T,Larson MR,Sawant A,Cha HR,Chanda D,Chesnokov IN,Ponnazhagan S

更新日期：2015-02-03 00:00:00

abstract：:DNA containing 5-azacytosine (azaC) has previously been shown to be a potent inhibitor of DNA-cytosine methyltransferases. In this report, we describe experiments which demonstrate that azaC-DNA forms a covalent complex with Hpa II methylase, a bacterial enzyme that methylates the internal C of C-C-G-G sequences. The ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Santi DV,Norment A,Garrett CE

更新日期：1984-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The rise of peptides with secondary structures and functions would have been a key step in the chemical evolution which led to life. As with modern biology, amino acid sequence would have been a primary determinant of peptide structure and activity in an origins-of-life scenario. It is a commonly held hypothesis that ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Forsythe JG,Petrov AS,Millar WC,Yu SS,Krishnamurthy R,Grover MA,Hud NV,Fernández FM

更新日期：2017-09-12 00:00:00

abstract：:We report on the design and characterization of a class of biomolecular interfaces based on derivatized poly(l-lysine)-grafted poly(ethylene glycol) copolymers adsorbed on negatively charged surfaces. As a model system, we synthesized biotin-derivatized poly(l-lysine)-grafted poly(ethylene glycol) copolymers, PLL-g-[(...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ruiz-Taylor LA,Martin TL,Zaugg FG,Witte K,Indermuhle P,Nock S,Wagner P

更新日期：2001-01-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Although it is known that the c-myc oncogene is rearranged in a head-to-head fashion with the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus in mouse plasmacytomas, it has not been clear whether the c-myc oncogene is translocated to the heavy chain locus on mouse chromosome 12 or whether the heavy chain locus is translocated to the...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Erikson J,Miller DA,Miller OJ,Abcarian PW,Skurla RM,Mushinski JF,Croce CM

更新日期：1985-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Oxygen free radicals are highly reactive species generated by many cellular oxidation-reduction processes. These radicals damage cellular constituents and have been causally implicated in the pathogenesis of many human diseases. We report here that oxygen free radicals generated by Fe2+ in aqueous solution are mutagen...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Loeb LA,James EA,Waltersdorph AM,Klebanoff SJ

更新日期：1988-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fe(CN)6(-3) oxidation of the aerobically isolated 7Fe Azotobacter vinelandii ferredoxin I, (7Fe)FdI, is a degradative reaction. Destruction of the [4Fe-4S] cluster occurs first, followed by destruction of the [3Fe-3S] cluster. At a Fe(CN)6(-3)/(7Fe)FdI concentration ratio of 20, the product is a mixture of apoprotein ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Stephens PJ,Morgan TV,Devlin F,Penner-Hahn JE,Hodgson KO,Scott RA,Stout CD,Burgess BK

更新日期：1985-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To examine the in vivo role(s) of type I interferons (IFNs) and to determine the role of a component of the type I IFN receptor (IFNAR1) in mediating responses to these IFNs, we generated mice with a null mutation (-/-) in the IFNAR1 gene. Despite compelling evidence for modulation of cell proliferation and differenti...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hwang SY,Hertzog PJ,Holland KA,Sumarsono SH,Tymms MJ,Hamilton JA,Whitty G,Bertoncello I,Kola I

更新日期：1995-11-21 00:00:00

abstract：:The feeling of being observed or merely participating in an experiment can affect individuals' behavior. Referred to as the Hawthorne effect, this inconsistently observed phenomenon can both provide insight into individuals' behavior and confound the interpretation of experimental manipulations. Here, we pursue both t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Schwartz D,Fischhoff B,Krishnamurti T,Sowell F

更新日期：2013-09-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Whereas the importance of macrophages in chronic inflammatory diseases is well recognized, there is an increasing awareness that neutrophils may also play an important role. In addition to the well-documented heterogeneity of macrophage phenotypes and functions, neutrophils also show remarkable phenotypic diversity am...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Weiss M,Byrne AJ,Blazek K,Saliba DG,Pease JE,Perocheau D,Feldmann M,Udalova IA

更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Plant steroid hormones, brassinosteroids (BRs), are of great importance for plant growth and development. BRs signal through a cell surface receptor kinase, BRI1, and a GSK3-like kinase, BIN2, to regulate the BES1/BZR1 family of transcription factors, which directly bind to target gene promoters to activate or repress...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yu X,Li L,Li L,Guo M,Chory J,Yin Y

更新日期：2008-05-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Plant RHO GTPases (RAC/ROPs) mediate multiple extracellular signals ranging from hormone to stress and regulate diverse cellular processes important for polarized cell growth, differentiation, development, reproduction, and responses to the environment. They shuttle between the GDP-bound inactive state and the GTP-bou...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Duan Q,Kita D,Li C,Cheung AY,Wu HM

更新日期：2010-10-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Arsenic poisoning affects millions of people worldwide. Human arsenic intake from rice consumption can be substantial because rice is particularly efficient in assimilating arsenic from paddy soils, although the mechanism has not been elucidated. Here we report that two different types of transporters mediate transpor...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ma JF,Yamaji N,Mitani N,Xu XY,Su YH,McGrath SP,Zhao FJ

更新日期：2008-07-22 00:00:00

abstract：:We provide here evidence that supports the occurrence of a biologically dormant form of selectin ligand carbohydrate, the sialyl 6-sulfo Lewis X containing modified sialic acid, in human leukocytes. The modification of sialic acid involves first de-N-acetylation of sialic acid moiety through ubiquitous de-N-acetylatio...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mitsuoka C,Ohmori K,Kimura N,Kanamori A,Komba S,Ishida H,Kiso M,Kannagi R

更新日期：1999-02-16 00:00:00

abstract：:A reversible growth arrest of simian virus 40-transformed human fibroblasts has been produced by replacement of methionine in the growth medium by its immediate metabolic precursor, homocysteine, Although these arrested cells exhibit a greatly reduced cloning efficiency when plated in methionine-supplemented medium, t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hoffman RM,Jacobsen SJ

更新日期：1980-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Many complex systems are organized in the form of a network embedded in space. Important examples include the physical Internet infrastructure, road networks, flight connections, brain functional networks, and social networks. The effect of space on network topology has recently come under the spotlight because of the...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Expert P,Evans TS,Blondel VD,Lambiotte R

更新日期：2011-05-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent evidence implicates dysregulation of metabotropic glutamatergic receptor 5 (mGluR5) in pathophysiology of PTSD and suicidality. Using positron emission tomography and [18F]FPEB, we quantified mGluR5 availability in vivo in individuals with PTSD (n = 29) and MDD (n = 29) as a function of suicidal ideation (SI) t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Davis MT,Hillmer A,Holmes SE,Pietrzak RH,DellaGioia N,Nabulsi N,Matuskey D,Angarita GA,Carson RE,Krystal JH,Esterlis I

更新日期：2019-06-04 00:00:00

abstract：:A cardinal symptom of major depressive disorder (MDD) is the disruption of circadian patterns. However, to date, there is no direct evidence of circadian clock dysregulation in the brains of patients who have MDD. Circadian rhythmicity of gene expression has been observed in animals and peripheral human tissues, but i...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Li JZ,Bunney BG,Meng F,Hagenauer MH,Walsh DM,Vawter MP,Evans SJ,Choudary PV,Cartagena P,Barchas JD,Schatzberg AF,Jones EG,Myers RM,Watson SJ Jr,Akil H,Bunney WE

更新日期：2013-06-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Berninamycin is a member of the pyridine-containing thiopeptide class of antibiotics that undergoes massive posttranslational modifications from ribosomally generated preproteins. Berninamycin has a 2-oxazolyl-3-thiazolyl-pyridine core embedded in a 35-atom macrocycle rather than typical trithiazolylpyridine cores emb...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Malcolmson SJ,Young TS,Ruby JG,Skewes-Cox P,Walsh CT

更新日期：2013-05-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Long-term, localized delivery of small molecules from a biodegradable thin film is challenging owing to their low molecular weight and poor charge density. Accomplishing highly extended controlled release can facilitate high therapeutic levels in specific regions of the body while significantly reducing the toxicity t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hsu BB,Park MH,Hagerman SR,Hammond PT

更新日期：2014-08-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Molecular beacons are FRET-based target-activatable probes. They offer control of fluorescence emission in response to specific cancer targets, thus are useful tools for in vivo cancer imaging. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a cell-killing process by light activation of a photosensitizer (PS) in the presence of oxygen....

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zheng G,Chen J,Stefflova K,Jarvi M,Li H,Wilson BC

更新日期：2007-05-22 00:00:00

abstract：:The C2 domain containing protein extended synaptotagmin (E-Syt) plays important roles in both lipid homeostasis and the intracellular signaling; however, its role in physiology remains largely unknown. Here, we show that hypothalamic E-Syt3 plays a critical role in diet-induced obesity (DIO). E-Syt3 is characteristica...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zhang Y,Guan Y,Pan S,Yan L,Wang P,Chen Z,Shen Q,Zhao F,Zhang X,Li J,Li J,Cai D,Zhang G

更新日期：2020-08-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Antibiotic resistance in clinically important bacteria can be mediated by target protection mechanisms, whereby a protein binds to the drug target and protects it from the inhibitory effects of the antibiotic. The most prevalent source of clinical resistance to the antibiotic fusidic acid (FA) is expression of the Fus...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tomlinson JH,Kalverda AP,Calabrese AN

更新日期：2020-10-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Evidence is assembled from the literature to support the argument that myocardial infarction and death results from narrowing of coronary arteries-a process that may result from various causes, as discussed in this paper. Angiotensin and hypertension are suggested as among the chief components of such processes. ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Page IH

更新日期：1972-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cell cultures of Catharanthus roseus were supplied with [2-13C, 3-2H]-deoxyxylulose or [2-13C,4-2H]1-deoxyxylulose. Lutein and chlorophylls were isolated from the cell mass, and hydrolysis of the chlorophyll mixtures afforded phytol. Isotope labeling patterns of phytol and lutein were determined by 2H NMR and 1H,2H-de...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Arigoni D,Eisenreich W,Latzel C,Sagner S,Radykewicz T,Zenk MH,Bacher A

更新日期：1999-02-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta) signaling has been shown to play a role in cardiac development as well as in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Prior studies have suggested a relationship between cholesterol metabolism and TGFbeta signaling. Here we demonstrate that induction of the cholesterol meta...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Park HJ,Galper JB

更新日期：1999-09-28 00:00:00

abstract：:A sensitive and rapid in situ method was developed to visualize sites of single-stranded (ss) DNA in cultured cells and in experimental test animals. Anti-bromodeoxyuridine antibody recognizes the halogenated base analog incorporated into chromosomal DNA only when substituted DNA is in the single strand form. After tr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Raderschall E,Golub EI,Haaf T

更新日期：1999-03-02 00:00:00