The posttranslational modification cascade to the thiopeptide berninamycin generates linear forms and altered macrocyclic scaffolds.

abstract：:The human aspects of conservation are often overlooked but will be critical for identifying strategies for biological conservation in the face of climate change. We surveyed the behavioral intentions of coastal landowners with respect to various conservation strategies aimed at facilitating ecosystem migration for tid...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Field CR,Dayer AA,Elphick CS

更新日期：2017-08-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disorder and is strongly associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Currently, there is no approved pharmacological treatment for this disease, but improvement of insulin resistance using peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) ag...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Liu W,Struik D,Nies VJ,Jurdzinski A,Harkema L,de Bruin A,Verkade HJ,Downes M,Evans RM,van Zutphen T,Jonker JW

更新日期：2016-02-23 00:00:00

abstract：:We have previously identified a generally occurring short-range mobility of nucleosome cores on DNA in relatively low ionic strength conditions. Here we report that this mobility of histone octamers positioned on constructs of 5S rDNA is suppressed by the binding of histone H1 or H5 to the nucleosome. Histone H5 is th...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pennings S,Meersseman G,Bradbury EM

更新日期：1994-10-25 00:00:00

abstract：:We have previously extracted a protein from inflammatory mouse granuloma that fully protects normal mice against lethal Listeria monocytogenes infection. We now report that polyclonal antibodies directed against this protein react with a human urinary fraction that also provides full protection of normal mice against ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fontan E,Saklani-Jusforgues H,Fauve RM

更新日期：1992-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:We analyze the effects of an externally applied electric field on thermal fluctuations for a binary electrolyte fluid. We show that the fluctuating Poisson-Nernst-Planck (PNP) equations for charged multispecies diffusion coupled with the fluctuating fluid momentum equation result in enhanced charge transport via a mec...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Péraud JP,Nonaka AJ,Bell JB,Donev A,Garcia AL

更新日期：2017-10-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Established T cell dysfunction is a barrier to antitumor responses, and checkpoint blockade presumably reverses this. Many patients fail to respond to treatment and/or develop autoimmune adverse events. The underlying reason for T cell responsiveness remains elusive. Here, we show that susceptibility to checkpoint blo...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nelson CE,Mills LJ,McCurtain JL,Thompson EA,Seelig DM,Bhela S,Quarnstrom CF,Fife BT,Vezys V

更新日期：2019-02-12 00:00:00

abstract：:The ciliary epithelium in the eye consists of pigmented epithelial cells that express the α1β1 isoform of Na,K-ATPase and nonpigmented epithelial cells that express mainly the α2β3 isoform. In principle, a Na,K-ATPase inhibitor with selectivity for α2β3 that penetrates the cornea could effectively reduce intraocular p...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Katz A,Tal DM,Heller D,Habeck M,Ben Zeev E,Rabah B,Bar Kana Y,Marcovich AL,Karlish SJ

更新日期：2015-11-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Alzheimer beta/A4 amyloid precursor protein (APP) has been suggested to play a central role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease. We have measured the content of different species of APP holoprotein and carboxyl-terminal fragments in human brains from young individuals, nondemented aged individuals, and aged indiv...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nordstedt C,Gandy SE,Alafuzoff I,Caporaso GL,Iverfeldt K,Grebb JA,Winblad B,Greengard P

更新日期：1991-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Marine viruses are the most abundant biological entities in the oceans shaping community structure and nutrient cycling. The interaction between the bloom-forming alga Emiliania huxleyi and its specific large dsDNA virus (EhV) is a major factor determining the fate of carbon in the ocean, thus serving as a key host-pa...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ziv C,Malitsky S,Othman A,Ben-Dor S,Wei Y,Zheng S,Aharoni A,Hornemann T,Vardi A

更新日期：2016-03-29 00:00:00

abstract：:The human major histocompatibility complex encodes three classical class I antigens, HLA-A, -B, and -C. Of these HLA-A and -B act as strong transplantation antigens and as restriction molecules for recognition of foreign antigen by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. In contrast, little is known about HLA-C and it is not clear w...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Dill O,Kievits F,Koch S,Ivanyi P,Hämmerling GJ

更新日期：1988-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Messenger RNA from rat liver was partially purified by chromatography on cellulose on the basis of its poly(A) content. Microgram amounts of this RNA stimulate protein synthesis manyfold in a heterologous cell-free system, derived from Krebs ascites cells supplemented with reticulocyte initiation factors. The messenge...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Schutz G,Beato M,Feigelson P

更新日期：1973-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pigmentation patterning has long interested biologists, integrating topics in ecology, development, genetics, and physiology. Wild-type neonatal larvae of the silkworm, Bombyx mori, are completely black. By contrast, the epidermis and head of larvae of the homozygous recessive sex-linked chocolate (sch) mutant are red...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Liu C,Yamamoto K,Cheng TC,Kadono-Okuda K,Narukawa J,Liu SP,Han Y,Futahashi R,Kidokoro K,Noda H,Kobayashi I,Tamura T,Ohnuma A,Banno Y,Dai FY,Xiang ZH,Goldsmith MR,Mita K,Xia QY

更新日期：2010-07-20 00:00:00

abstract：:The patch-clamp technique allows currents to be recorded through single ion channels in patches of cell membrane in the tips of glass pipettes. When recording, voltage is typically applied across the membrane patch to drive ions through open channels and to probe the voltage-sensitivity of channel activity. In this st...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gil Z,Silberberg SD,Magleby KL

更新日期：1999-12-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Intracellular transport is based on molecular motors that pull cargos along cytoskeletal filaments. One motor species always moves in one direction, e.g., conventional kinesin moves to the microtubule plus end, whereas cytoplasmic dynein moves to the microtubule minus end. However, many cellular cargoes are observed t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Müller MJ,Klumpp S,Lipowsky R

更新日期：2008-03-25 00:00:00

abstract：:As assessed by ultrastructure, histochemical staining, and T-cell dependency, in vitro-differentiated inter-leukin 3-dependent mouse mast cells are comparable to the mast cells that reside in the gastrointestinal mucosa but not in the skin or the serosal cavity of the mouse. We now demonstrate that when cloned interle...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Dayton ET,Pharr P,Ogawa M,Serafin WE,Austen KF,Levi-Schaffer F,Stevens RL

更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the mammalian retina, extensive processing of spatiotemporal and chromatic information occurs. One key principle in signal transfer through the retina is parallel processing. Two of these parallel pathways are the ON- and OFF-channels transmitting light and dark signals. This dual system is created in the outer ple...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hack I,Peichl L,Brandstätter JH

更新日期：1999-11-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Experimental systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) can be induced in naive mice by immunization with a murine monoclonal anti-DNA antibody (mAb), 5G12, that bears a major idiotype designated 16/6 Id. Strain-dependent differences were observed in the proliferative responses of lymph node cells of mice immunized with two p...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Waisman A,Ruiz PJ,Israeli E,Eilat E,Könen-Waisman S,Zinger H,Dayan M,Mozes E

更新日期：1997-04-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Synthetic radionuclides, such as the transuranic actinides plutonium, americium, and curium, present severe health threats as contaminants, and understanding the scope of the biochemical interactions involved in actinide transport is instrumental in managing human contamination. Here we show that siderocalin, a mammal...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Allred BE,Rupert PB,Gauny SS,An DD,Ralston CY,Sturzbecher-Hoehne M,Strong RK,Abergel RJ

更新日期：2015-08-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Curved DNA molecules and unusually small circles have been obtained by ligation of synthetic 21-base precursors: (sequence in text). The ligation resulted in the formation of double-stranded oligo-(precursor)s possessing a strong 10.5-base-pair (bp) periodicity of the runs of adenines. Two-dimensional polyacrylamide g...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ulanovsky L,Bodner M,Trifonov EN,Choder M

更新日期：1986-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Multiple studies have established that microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the initiation and progression of cancer. Notably, miR-155 is one of the most overexpressed miRNAs in several solid and hematological malignancies. Ectopic miR-155 expression in mice B cells (Eμ-miR-155 transgenic mice) has been shown to induce ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sandhu SK,Volinia S,Costinean S,Galasso M,Neinast R,Santhanam R,Parthun MR,Perrotti D,Marcucci G,Garzon R,Croce CM

更新日期：2012-12-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Lost myelin can be replaced after injury or during demyelinating diseases in a regenerative process called remyelination. In the central nervous system (CNS), the myelin sheaths, which protect axons and allow the fast propagation of electrical impulses, are produced by oligodendrocytes. The abundance and widespread di...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bielecki B,Mattern C,Ghoumari AM,Javaid S,Smietanka K,Abi Ghanem C,Mhaouty-Kodja S,Ghandour MS,Baulieu EE,Franklin RJ,Schumacher M,Traiffort E

更新日期：2016-12-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Digestion of mouse L cell mitochondrial DNA with EcoRI restriction endonuclease produces two linear duplex fragments comprising 86.3 +/- 2.0% and 14.2 +/- 1.0% of the circular genome length (16,000 +/- 470 nucleotide pairs). Digestion of human HeLa cell mitochondrial DNA with EcoRI produces three linear duplex fragmen...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Robberson DL,Clayton DA,Morrow JF

更新日期：1974-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The spatial distribution of plant defenses within a leaf may be critical in explaining patterns of herbivory. The generalist lepidopteran larvae, Helicoverpa armigera (the cotton bollworm), avoided the midvein and periphery of Arabidopsis thaliana rosette leaves and fed almost exclusively on the inner lamina. This fee...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Shroff R,Vergara F,Muck A,Svatos A,Gershenzon J

更新日期：2008-04-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Human breast cancers contain an RNA related to that of mouse mammary tumor virus. In 79% of the breast malignancies examined, this type of RNA is a 70S-component encapsulated with RNA-instructed DNA polymerase in a particle possessing the density characteristics of RNA tumor viruses. Further, the DNA synthesized by th...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Axel R,Gulati SC,Spiegelman S

更新日期：1972-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chemoresistance of cisplatin therapy is related to extensive repair of cisplatin-modified DNA in the nucleus by the nucleotide excision repair (NER). Delivering cisplatin to the mitochondria to attack mitochondrial genome lacking NER machinery can lead to a rationally designed therapy for metastatic, chemoresistant ca...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Marrache S,Pathak RK,Dhar S

更新日期：2014-07-22 00:00:00

abstract：:The antitumor drug Taxol stabilizes microtubules and reduces their dynamicity, promoting mitotic arrest and cell death. Upon assembly of the alpha/beta-tubulin heterodimer, GTP bound to beta-tubulin is hydrolyzed to GDP reaching a steady-state equilibrium between free tubulin dimers and microtubules. The binding of Ta...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Xiao H,Verdier-Pinard P,Fernandez-Fuentes N,Burd B,Angeletti R,Fiser A,Horwitz SB,Orr GA

更新日期：2006-07-05 00:00:00

abstract：:The quantum mechanical problem of the hydrogen atom is treated by use of a finite difference equation in place of Schrödinger's differential equation. The exact solution leads to a wave vector energy expression that is readily converted to the Bohr-Rydberg formula. (The calculations here reported are limited to spheri...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wall FT

更新日期：1986-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cyclin E is an important regulator of cell cycle progression that together with cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) 2 is crucial for the G1/S transition during the mammalian cell cycle. Previously, we showed that severe overexpression of cyclin E protein in tumor cells and tissues results in the appearance of lower molecula...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gray-Bablin J,Zalvide J,Fox MP,Knickerbocker CJ,DeCaprio JA,Keyomarsi K

更新日期：1996-12-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Many synthetic or natural fibers are produced via the transformation of a liquid solution into a solid filament, which allows the wet processing of high molecular weight polymers, proteins, or inorganic particles. Synthetic wet-spun fibers are used in our everyday life from clothing to composite reinforcement applicat...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mercader C,Lucas A,Derré A,Zakri C,Moisan S,Maugey M,Poulin P

更新日期：2010-10-26 00:00:00

abstract：:A single, modified nucleoside in Escherichia coli tRNA, 6-(3-methyl-2-butenylamino)-2-methyl-thio-9-beta-D-ribofuranosylpurine, has been desulfurized with Raney nickel to afford its probable biosynthetic precursor. The limitations of the reaction at the nucleoside and tRNA levels and its lack of inhibition of the amin...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hecht SM,Kirkegaard LH,Bock RM

更新日期：1971-01-01 00:00:00