Two-dimensional Raman-terahertz spectroscopy of water.

abstract：:A fundamental question in the study of human language acquisition centers around apportioning explanatory force between the experience of the learner and the core knowledge that allows learners to represent that experience. We provide a previously unidentified kind of data identifying children's contribution to langua...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Han CH,Musolino J,Lidz J

更新日期：2016-01-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Cyanobacteria, blue-green algae, are the most abundant autotrophs in aquatic environments and form the base of all aquatic food chains by fixing carbon and nitrogen into cellular biomass. The single most important nutrient for photosynthesis and growth is nitrate, which is severely limiting in many aquatic environment...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Koropatkin NM,Pakrasi HB,Smith TJ

更新日期：2006-06-27 00:00:00

abstract：:It is believed that neural representations of recent experiences become reactivated during sleep, and that this process serves to stabilize associated memories in long-term memory. Here, we initiated this reactivation process for specific memories during slow-wave sleep. Participants studied 50 object-location associa...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： van Dongen EV,Takashima A,Barth M,Zapp J,Schad LR,Paller KA,Fernández G

更新日期：2012-06-26 00:00:00

abstract：:The final step of ethylene biosynthesis in plants is catalyzed by the enzyme 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) oxidase (ACCO). In addition to ACC, Fe(II), O2, CO2, and ascorbate are required for in vitro enzyme activity. Direct evidence for the role of the Fe(II) center in the recombinant avocado ACCO has no...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rocklin AM,Tierney DL,Kofman V,Brunhuber NM,Hoffman BM,Christoffersen RE,Reich NO,Lipscomb JD,Que L Jr

更新日期：1999-07-06 00:00:00

abstract：:We studied visual perception using an annular random-dot motion stimulus called the racetrack. We recorded neural activity using magnetoencephalography while subjects viewed variants of this stimulus that contained no inherent motion or various degrees of embedded motion. Subjects reported seeing rotary motion during ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Crowe DA,Leuthold AC,Georgopoulos AP

更新日期：2010-12-28 00:00:00

abstract：:To study the similarity between a putative cloned mammalian release factor (RF) and tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase (TRS), a recombinant rabbit RF fusion protein was expressed from prokaryotic expression vectors. Purified fractions of the fusion proteins were tested for TRS and RF activities. Addition of the fusion prote...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Timchenko L,Caskey CT

更新日期：1994-03-29 00:00:00

abstract：:The sustainability of irrigated agriculture in many arid and semiarid areas of the world is at risk because of a combination of several interrelated factors, including lack of fresh water, lack of drainage, the presence of high water tables, and salinization of soil and groundwater resources. Nowhere in the United Sta...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Schoups G,Hopmans JW,Young CA,Vrugt JA,Wallender WW,Tanji KK,Panday S

更新日期：2005-10-25 00:00:00

abstract：:The protein kinase Chk2, the mammalian homolog of the budding yeast Rad53 and fission yeast Cds1 checkpoint kinases, is phosphorylated and activated in response to DNA damage by ionizing radiation (IR), UV irradiation, and replication blocks by hydroxyurea (HU). Phosphorylation and activation of Chk2 are ataxia telang...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Matsuoka S,Rotman G,Ogawa A,Shiloh Y,Tamai K,Elledge SJ

更新日期：2000-09-12 00:00:00

abstract：:In enteric bacteria, the cellular response to oxidative stress is activated by oxidation of the iron-sulfur clusters in SoxR, which then induces transcription of soxS, turning on a battery of defense genes. Here we demonstrate both in vitro and in cells that activation of SoxR can occur in a DNA-mediated reaction with...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lee PE,Demple B,Barton JK

更新日期：2009-08-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Sulfonated gallium(III) corroles are intensely fluorescent macrocyclic compounds that spontaneously assemble with carrier proteins to undergo cell entry. We report in vivo imaging and therapeutic efficacy of a tumor-targeted corrole noncovalently assembled with a heregulin-modified protein directed at the human epider...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Agadjanian H,Ma J,Rentsendorj A,Valluripalli V,Hwang JY,Mahammed A,Farkas DL,Gray HB,Gross Z,Medina-Kauwe LK

更新日期：2009-04-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Sulfur assimilation is an evolutionarily conserved pathway that plays an essential role in cellular and metabolic processes, including sulfation, amino acid biosynthesis, and organismal development. We report that loss of a key enzymatic component of the pathway, bisphosphate 3'-nucleotidase (Bpnt1), in mice, both who...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hudson BH,Hale AT,Irving RP,Li S,York JD

更新日期：2018-03-20 00:00:00

abstract：:The S region of the murine major histocompatibility complex contains two structurally related genes (21-OHase A and 21-OHase B) that encode 21-hydroxylase (21-OHase), an enzyme essential for the synthesis of adrenal steroids. Expression of these two genes has been analyzed by using oligonucleotide probes specific for ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Parker KL,Chaplin DD,Wong M,Seidman JG,Smith JA,Schimmer BP

更新日期：1985-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Regulatory T (Treg) cells expressing the transcription factor Foxp3 play an important role in maintaining immune homeostasis. Chronic inflammation is associated with reduced Foxp3 expression, function, and loss of phenotypic stability. Previous studies have established the importance of TNF receptor 2 (TNFR2) in the g...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tseng WY,Huang YS,Clanchy F,McNamee K,Perocheau D,Ogbechi J,Luo SF,Feldmann M,McCann FE,Williams RO

更新日期：2019-10-22 00:00:00

abstract：:New important applications of copper metal, e.g., in the areas of hydrogen production, fuel cell operation, and spent nuclear fuel disposal, require accurate knowledge of the physical and chemical properties of stable and metastable copper compounds. Among the copper(I) compounds with oxygen and hydrogen, cuprous oxid...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Korzhavyi PA,Soroka IL,Isaev EI,Lilja C,Johansson B

更新日期：2012-01-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent demonstrations of correlated low-frequency MRI signal variations between subregions of the spinal cord at rest in humans, similar to those found in the brain, suggest that such resting-state functional connectivity constitutes a common feature of the intrinsic organization of the entire central nervous system. ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chen LM,Mishra A,Yang PF,Wang F,Gore JC

更新日期：2015-05-12 00:00:00

abstract：:The switch from fetal to adult hemoglobin expression is regulated in many mammalian species by a developmental clock-like mechanism and determined by the gestational age of the fetus. Prolonging fetal globin gene expression is of considerable interest for therapeutic potential in diseases caused by abnormal beta-globi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Perrine SP,Rudolph A,Faller DV,Roman C,Cohen RA,Chen SJ,Kan YW

更新日期：1988-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The U.S. case against Iran is based on Iran's deceptions regarding nuclear weapons development. This case is buttressed by assertions that a state so petroleum-rich cannot need nuclear power to preserve exports, as Iran claims. The U.S. infers, therefore, that Iran's entire nuclear technology program must pertain to w...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Stern R

更新日期：2007-01-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations provide essential information about the thermodynamics and dynamics of proteins. To construct the free-energy surface from equilibrium trajectories, it is necessary to group the individual snapshots in a meaningful way. The inherent structures (IS) are shown to provide an appropriat...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rao F,Karplus M

更新日期：2010-05-18 00:00:00

abstract：:A longstanding problem in the social, biological, and computational sciences is to determine how groups of distributed individuals can form intelligent collective judgments. Since Galton's discovery of the "wisdom of crowds" [Galton F (1907) Nature 75:450-451], theories of collective intelligence have suggested that t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Becker J,Brackbill D,Centola D

更新日期：2017-06-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Triose-phosphate isomerase (TPI; D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate ketol-isomerase, EC 5.3.1.1) deficiency is a recessive disorder that results in hemolytic anemia and neuromuscular dysfunction. To determine the molecular basis of this disorder, a TPI allele from two unrelated patients homozygous for TPI deficiency was com...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Daar IO,Artymiuk PJ,Phillips DC,Maquat LE

更新日期：1986-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The growth of 3T3 and SV101 3T3 cells in a lipid-depleted medium is enhanced by the addition of biotin or some fatty acids. The extent of enhancement depends on the fatty acid(s) supplied. The presence of linoleate is unique, since it induces a morphological alteration in 3T3 cells resulting in a cell similar to an SV...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Horwitz AF,Hatten ME,Burger MM

更新日期：1974-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The live cold-adapted (ca) A/AA/6/60 influenza vaccine is being commercially developed for worldwide use in children and is being used as a model for other live vaccines. Although it has been proven safe and immunogenic, the molecular basis of cold adaptation has never been determined. To identify sequence changes res...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Herlocher ML,Maassab HF,Webster RG

更新日期：1993-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The structure of the adeno-associated virus (AAV-2) has been determined to 3-A resolution by x-ray crystallography. AAV is being developed as a vector for gene therapy to treat diseases including hemophilia, cancer, and cystic fibrosis. As in the distantly related autonomous parvoviruses, the capsid protein has a beta...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Xie Q,Bu W,Bhatia S,Hare J,Somasundaram T,Azzi A,Chapman MS

更新日期：2002-08-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Nonhuman primates possess a highly developed capacity for face recognition, which resembles the human capacity both cognitively and neurologically. Face recognition is typically tested by having subjects compare facial images, whereas there has been virtually no attention to how they connect these images to reality. C...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pokorny JJ,de Waal FB

更新日期：2009-12-22 00:00:00

abstract：:To scrutinize how a protein folds at atomic resolution, we performed 200 molecular dynamics simulations (each of 50 ns) of the miniprotein Trp-cage on the computational grid. Within the trajectories, 58 folding and 31 unfolding events were identified and subjected to extensive comparison and classification. Based on a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ota M,Ikeguchi M,Kidera A

更新日期：2004-12-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Molecular adaptation is typically assumed to proceed by sequential fixation of beneficial mutations. In diploids, this picture presupposes that for most adaptive mutations, the homozygotes have a higher fitness than the heterozygotes. Here, we show that contrary to this expectation, a substantial proportion of adaptiv...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sellis D,Callahan BJ,Petrov DA,Messer PW

更新日期：2011-12-20 00:00:00

abstract：:The formation of heparan sulfate occurs within the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi complex-trans-Golgi network by the concerted action of several glycosyltransferases, an epimerase, and multiple sulfotransferases. In this report, we have examined the location and interaction of tagged forms of five of the bio...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pinhal MA,Smith B,Olson S,Aikawa J,Kimata K,Esko JD

更新日期：2001-11-06 00:00:00

abstract：:HUMAN LIVER ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE (ALCOHOL: NAD(+) oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.1), homogeneous by physicochemical criteria, has been available in quantity only recently [Lange, L. G. & Vallee, B. L. (1976) Biochemistry 15, 4681-4686]. Until now, the biochemical basis of human alcohol metabolism had to be extrapolated fro...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Li TK,Bosron WF,Dafeldecker WP,Lange LG,Vallee BL

更新日期：1977-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A small number of facial expressions may be universal in that they are produced by the same basic affective states and recognized as such throughout the world. However, other aspects of emotionally expressive behavior vary widely across culture. Just why do they vary? We propose that some cultural differences in expre...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rychlowska M,Miyamoto Y,Matsumoto D,Hess U,Gilboa-Schechtman E,Kamble S,Muluk H,Masuda T,Niedenthal PM

更新日期：2015-05-12 00:00:00

abstract：:The Escherichia coli RuvA and RuvB protein complex promotes branch migration of Holliday junctions during recombinational repair and homologous recombination and at stalled replication forks. The RuvB protein belongs to the AAA(+) (ATPase associated with various cellular activities) ATPase family and forms a hexameric...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hishida T,Han YW,Fujimoto S,Iwasaki H,Shinagawa H

更新日期：2004-06-29 00:00:00