Trends and determinants of ischaemic heart disease mortality in Finland: with special reference to a possible levelling off in the early 1980s.

abstract：:The ratio of test statistics has been used to compare the efficiency of matched and unmatched designs, and stratified and pooled analyses for case-control studies. The index has been computed for a wide range of population conditions and it is concluded that (a) pooled analysis is always more efficient than stratified...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Choi BC,Howe GR

更新日期：1984-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This case-control study was designed to determine whether males who were exposed to diethylstilboestrol (DES) in utero are at increased risk of testicular cancer. Questionnaires were completed for 79 residents of Connecticut, who were diagnosed with primary cancer of the testes between 1945 and approximately six month...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Gershman ST,Stolley PD

更新日期：1988-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Meningococcal meningitis epidemics are frequent in the Sahel zone of Africa but there is little information on the frequency of long-term sequelae. We analysed excess mortality in the two years following the 1997 epidemic in northern Ghana and carried out a case-control study to assess sequelae in the surviv...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Hodgson A,Smith T,Gagneux S,Akumah I,Adjuik M,Pluschke G,Binka F,Genton B

更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the use of the case-study or problem-solving method of teaching epidemiology, the technique of the 'blind' problem, namely the withholding of the diagnosis of the disease until the end, presents many advantages. The student is forced to confront the purely epidemiological data without being prejudiced by his precon...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Langmuir AD

更新日期：1975-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Maternal mortality from complications of unsafe abortion constitutes a serious problem in several developing countries. There is, however, a paucity of well-designed and implemented studies in this area, especially in Latin America. The aim of this paper is to present the findings on the determinants and med...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Misago C,Fonseca W,Correia L,Fernandes LM,Campbell O

更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Not every leprosy patient is equally effective in transmitting Mycobacterium leprae. We studied the spatial distribution of infection (using seropositivity as a marker) in the population to identify which disease characteristics of leprosy patients are important in transmission. METHODS:Clinical data and bl...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Bakker MI,Hatta M,Kwenang A,Faber WR,van Beers SM,Klatser PR,Oskam L

更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:In the clinic, the combination of obesity and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been increasing. However, whether high body mass index (BMI) affects the risk of exacerbations and pneumonias in individuals with COPD is presently unknown. Genetics can be used to assess the causal role of high BM...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Çolak Y,Afzal S,Lange P,Nordestgaard BG

更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The majority of tuberculosis (TB) cases in low-incidence countries occur in migrants. Only few studies have assessed the long-term TB risk in migrants after immigration, and datasets have not considered this across a range of diverse migrant groups. This nationwide study aimed to investigate long-term TB ris...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Kristensen KL,Ravn P,Petersen JH,Hargreaves S,Nellums LB,Friedland JS,Andersen PH,Norredam M,Lillebaek T

更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Aetiology confronts two distinct issues: the determinants of individual cases, and the determinants of incidence rate. If exposure to a necessary agent is homogeneous within a population, then case/control and cohort methods will fail to detect it: they will only identify markers of susceptibility. The corresponding s...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Rose G

更新日期：1985-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Increasing life expectancy has brought public health concern about the increase in prevalence of disability in old age. Reducing the prevalence of disability in older age requires the identification of preventable or modifiable risk factors earlier in life. We have examined the relationship between lifestyle...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Ebrahim S,Wannamethee SG,Whincup P,Walker M,Shaper AG

更新日期：2000-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Estimating the number of people in hidden populations is needed for public health research, yet available methods produce highly variable and uncertain results. The Anchored Multiplier calculator uses a Bayesian framework to synthesize multiple population size estimates to generate a consensus estimate. Users submit p...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Wesson PD,McFarland W,Qin CC,Mirzazadeh A

更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The prevalence of human T-lymphotropic retrovirus (HTLV) was examined in Taiwan's indigenous populations. In all, 797 healthy subjects in Taiwan including Han Chinese and nine indigenous populations (Ami, Atayal, Bunun, Saisiat, Paiwan, Puyuma, Rukai, Tsuo, and Yami) were examined for the presence of antibodies to HTL...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Ishida T,Pan IH,Horai S,Saitou N,Sun CS

更新日期：1993-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Although smoking and HPV infection are recognized as important risk factors for oropharyngeal cancer, how their joint exposure impacts on oropharyngeal cancer risk is unclear. Specifically, whether smoking confers any additional risk to HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer is not understood. METHODS:Using HPV ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Anantharaman D,Muller DC,Lagiou P,Ahrens W,Holcátová I,Merletti F,Kjærheim K,Polesel J,Simonato L,Canova C,Castellsague X,Macfarlane TV,Znaor A,Thomson P,Robinson M,Conway DI,Healy CM,Tjønneland A,Westin U,Ekström J

更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The paper reports on the trends of induced abortion in Italy since its legalization in 1978. Data collected through the national surveillance system show that the abortion rates and ratios in Italy, after an initial increase, have been stable in the last four years, and are comparable to those of other European countr...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Figà-Talamanca I,Grandolfo ME,Spinelli A

更新日期：1986-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It has been postulated that experiences early in life influence cardiovascular risk in later adult life. This article considers 15 longitudinal and four case-control studies which, directly or indirectly, have examined the hypothesis concerning the prenatal and childhood origins of adult cardiovascular disease. Criter...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Elford J,Whincup P,Shaper AG

更新日期：1991-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Despite reporting lower levels of alcohol consumption, people with lower socio-economic status (SES) experience greater alcohol-related harm. Whether differential biases in the measurement of alcohol use could explain this apparent paradox is unknown. Using alcohol biomarkers to account for measurement error...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Peña S,Mäkelä P,Härkänen T,Heliövaara M,Gunnar T,Männistö S,Laatikainen T,Vartiainen E,Koskinen S

更新日期：2021-01-23 00:00:00

abstract：:The distribution of death certification rates from various cancers or groups of cancers in broad Italian geographical areas (north/centre/south) was analysed. In both sexes, total cancer mortality was considerably elevated in the north of the country compared to southern regions (around 70% for males and 30% for femal...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Facchini U,Camnasio M,Cantaboni A,Decarli A,La Vecchia C

更新日期：1985-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：Background:We previously showed that low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening in asbestos-exposed workers is effective in detecting lung cancer (LC) at an early stage. Here, we evaluate whether LDCT screening could reduce mortality from LC in such a high-risk population. Methods:Within a cohort of 2433 asbestos-e...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Barbone F,Barbiero F,Belvedere O,Rosolen V,Giangreco M,Zanin T,Pisa FE,Meduri S,Follador A,Grossi F,Fasola G

更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The role of the major identified risk factors for breast cancer was assessed using data from a hospital-based case-control study conducted in Northern Italy on 1108 women with histologically confirmed breast cancer and 1281 control subjects with a spectrum of acute conditions unrelated to any of the established or pot...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： La Vecchia C,Decarli A,Parazzini F,Gentile A,Negri E,Cecchetti G,Franceschi S

更新日期：1987-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Exposure to a pre-natal famine environment has been associated with a persistent decrease in DNA methylation of the IGF2 gene, although study findings on other loci have been highly variable. There have been no studies to date of the relation between pre-natal famine and overall global DNA methylation in adu...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Lumey LH,Terry MB,Delgado-Cruzata L,Liao Y,Wang Q,Susser E,McKeague I,Santella RM

更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Previous studies do not provide a clear picture of the relationship between nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)) exposure and asthma. METHODS:Eighteen schools using unflued gas heating in winter were randomly allocated to either retain their heaters (10 control schools) or to have replacement flued gas or electric heat...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Pilotto LS,Nitschke M,Smith BJ,Pisaniello D,Ruffin RE,McElroy HJ,Martin J,Hiller JE

更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To examine the effects, by income group, of targeted food taxes and subsidies on nutrition, health and expenditure in the UK. METHODS:A model based on consumption data and demand elasticity was constructed to predict the effects of four food taxation-subsidy regimens. Resulting changes in demand, expenditure...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Nnoaham KE,Sacks G,Rayner M,Mytton O,Gray A

更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The effect of antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplementation on health is one of the most controversial issues in human nutrition. Our objective was to investigate the effect of nutritional doses of a combination of antioxidant vitamins and minerals on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in a sample of h...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Briançon S,Boini S,Bertrais S,Guillemin F,Galan P,Hercberg S

更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Although individual studies have been inconsistent, meta-analyses of epidemiological data suggest that high folate and vitamin B12 levels may be associated with increased prostate cancer risk. METHODS:Within JANUS, a prospective cohort in Norway (n = 317 000) with baseline serum samples, we conducted a nest...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： de Vogel S,Meyer K,Fredriksen Å,Ulvik A,Ueland PM,Nygård O,Vollset SE,Tell GS,Tretli S,Bjørge T

更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is a long-standing belief that the size of the difference between the poor (lower social groups) and the rich (higher social groups) in health outcomes will vary according to the characteristics of the area. However typical approaches to analyses of this kind of question violate standard statistical assumption. The...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Humphreys K,Carr-Hill R

更新日期：1991-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Educational attainment is associated with many life outcomes, including income, occupation and many health and lifestyle variables. Many researchers use it as a control variable in epidemiological and other social scientific studies, often without specifying exactly what environmental effects or set of perso...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Deary IJ,Johnson W

更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The immune adherence haemagglutination assay (IAHA), widely used for human viral disease diagnosis, has been adapted for detection of rabies virus antibodies in dog sera. Rabies virus antibody titres obtained by the IAHA correlated well with those obtained by the currently accepted test for rabies antibody determinati...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Bota CN,Anderson RK,Goyal SM,Charamella LJ,Howard DR,Briggs DJ

更新日期：1987-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To examine educational gradients in overall and cause-specific mortality among elderly married men and women and their spouses. METHODS:Using the census-based Israel Longitudinal Mortality Study (1983-92), 13 573 married men and 6563 married women were identified who were aged 70-89 years at baseline. Cox p...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Jaffe DH,Eisenbach Z,Neumark YD,Manor O

更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:In the past, upward shifts of the so-called Preston curve, which relates life expectancy to national income, have contributed importantly to worldwide increases in life expectancy. These shifts were due to rapid diffusion of knowledge and technology for infectious disease control from high-income to low-inco...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Mackenbach JP,Looman CW

更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Specificity of association between putative risk factor and disease under study is important to inference on causality. Nevertheless many studies investigate mortality of a single disease without comparison with a control. Age-standardized proportional mortality ratios make single disease studies into case-control stu...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： West RR

更新日期：1991-12-01 00:00:00