Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Previous studies do not provide a clear picture of the relationship between nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)) exposure and asthma. METHODS:Eighteen schools using unflued gas heating in winter were randomly allocated to either retain their heaters (10 control schools) or to have replacement flued gas or electric heaters installed at the beginning of winter (8 intervention schools). Fortnightly telephone interviews were used to record daily individual asthma symptoms that occurred over 12 weeks (including winter). Lung function and histamine challenge tests were performed at baseline and the end of the study. NO(2) was measured in each school classroom on 9 days and in each household on 3 days spread over the study period. RESULTS:From 199 primary school children that met the eligibility criteria, 45 intervention and 73 control children agreed to participate. Baseline characteristics were similar between groups. Difficulty breathing during the day (Relative Risk [RR] = 0.41; 95% CI: 0.07, 0.98) and night (RR = 0.32; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.69), chest tightness during the day (RR = 0.45; 95% CI: 0.25, 0.81), and daytime asthma attacks (RR = 0.39; 95% CI: 0.17, 0.93) were significantly reduced in the intervention group. Percentage predicted forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV(1)), the concentration of histamine inducing a 20% fall in FEV(1) (PD(20)), and the dose-response slope (DRS) were similar between groups at follow-up. Mean (standard deviation) NO(2) levels were 15.5 (6.6) parts per billion (ppb) and 47.0 (26.8) ppb in the intervention and control schools respectively (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS:Asthma symptoms were reduced following a replacement intervention that removed high exposure to NO(2). Such replacement should be considered a public health priority for schools using unflued gas heating during winter.
journal_name
Int J Epidemioljournal_title
International journal of epidemiologyauthors
Pilotto LS,Nitschke M,Smith BJ,Pisaniello D,Ruffin RE,McElroy HJ,Martin J,Hiller JEdoi
10.1093/ije/dyh018keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-02-01 00:00:00pages
208-14issue
1eissn
0300-5771issn
1464-3685pii
33/1/208journal_volume
33pub_type
临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验abstract::In tropical Africa, parasitic and infective diseases remain the predominant causes of mortality and morbidity, and health and epidemiological services are poorly developed. Experience elsewhere has shown the value of surveillance in the control of communicable diseases and this paper contains a brief review of the use...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/5.1.39
更新日期:1976-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The reproducibility and validity of self-administered questionnaires on physical activity and inactivity were examined in a random (representative) sample of the Nurses' Health Study II cohort and a random sample of African-American women in that cohort. METHODS:Repeat questionnaires were administered 2 yea...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/23.5.991
更新日期:1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A study was made in five rural districts of Kwara State, Nigeria to assess the possible use of 'leopard skin' (Ls) as a rapid diagnostic technique for estimating the endemicity of African onchocerciasis. The findings revealed that there is a positive association between the percentage of subjects with skin microfilari...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/16.4.590
更新日期:1987-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To develop a profile of non-biochemical coronary risks for the South Asian population (predominantly Punjabi with origins in the Indian subcontinent) and the general population in Glasgow, with a focus on dietary patterns, and potential causes of stress. DESIGN:Cross-sectional survey of South Asian men and ...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/23.1.28
更新日期:1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Smoking increases the risk of squamous-cell carcinoma of the cervix, but it is not clear whether smoking increases the risk of acquisition or persistence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. METHODS:Information on smoking was collected from 10 areas in four continents among population-based, age-stratif...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyn033
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have studied cytosolic low molecular weight phosphotyrosine phosphatase (cLMWPTP or ACP1) in 364 healthy puerperae from the population of Penne, in 155 diabetic puerperae from the population of Rome and in 349 consecutive normal newborn infants from the population of Rome. The data from these independent samples po...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1093/ije/30.2.400
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::This two-year controlled study was conducted to define the mode of transmission of hepatitis B infection in Ethiopia. Twenty-five of 500 (5%) expectant mothers were identified as HbsAg positive (Group A). A control group of 29 mothers negative for HBsAg (Group B) was randomly selected. These 54 mothers and their famil...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/17.4.874
更新日期:1988-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mortalities from selected causes from 1973 to 1982 among Koreans, Chinese, and Americans residing in Japan were compared with those of Japanese. In the Korean population, besides the well-documented excess in mortalities from liver cancer, lung cancer, liver cirrhosis and male tuberculosis, a rather prominent elevatio...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/16.3.415
更新日期:1987-09-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/19.1.147
更新日期:1990-03-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyi265
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
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更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/4.4.331
更新日期:1975-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyt055
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/18.3.498
更新日期:1989-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1093/ije/15.4.519
更新日期:1986-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/9.4.355
更新日期:1980-12-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/27.4.713
更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
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更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1981-12-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1984-03-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A total of 5211 schoolchildren aged 10-15 years participated in an Australia-wide sample survey conducted in 1985 and completed dietary and demographic assessment, and the measurement of body mass index: 1017 children aged 12 and 15 years gave blood for serum lipid analysis. Group mean differences in serum lipids and ...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1993-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prospective data from the Matlab surveillance area in rural Bangladesh, 1974-1982, were used in this study to show that divorced and never-married adults (aged 15-44 years) had significantly higher mortality than their currently married peers with differences in disability status accounting for some of this excess ris...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/22.3.445
更新日期:1993-06-01 00:00:00