Combined effects of smoking and HPV16 in oropharyngeal cancer.

abstract：BACKGROUND:The protective effect of a vaccine following an outbreak is often measured by the vaccine efficacy statistic, namely one minus the ratio of attack rates in vaccinees and non-vaccinees. This quantity is not an adequate measure of the population-level benefits of the vaccine. METHODS:We discuss two measures o...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Haber M,Watelet L,Halloran ME

更新日期：1995-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There are certain health risks associated with recreational exposure to bacteriologically polluted water. In this study, 27% (21/77) of swimmers who took part in a snorkel swimming event, experienced gastrointestinal symptoms within 48 hours of entering the untreated water. The incidence of these symptoms was statisti...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Philipp R,Evans EJ,Hughes AO,Grisdale SK,Enticott RG,Jephcott AE

更新日期：1985-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:In 2002, a poster alerted the French health authorities to the possibility that the risk of childhood leukaemia might be increased by hepatitis B vaccination. Elucidating the role of vaccination in the aetiology of childhood acute leukaemia (AL) was therefore included in the objectives of an ongoing national...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Mallol-Mesnard N,Menegaux F,Auvrignon A,Auclerc MF,Bertrand Y,Nelken B,Robert A,Michel G,Margueritte G,Perel Y,Méchinaud F,Bordigoni P,Leverger G,Baruchel A,Hémon D,Clavel J

更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Despite abundant evidence that lower education is associated with a higher risk of smoking, whether the association is causal has not been convincingly established. METHODS:We investigated the association between education and lifetime smoking patterns in a birth cohort established in 1959 and followed thro...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Gilman SE,Martin LT,Abrams DB,Kawachi I,Kubzansky L,Loucks EB,Rende R,Rudd R,Buka SL

更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:To investigate the relative contributions of prenatal complications, perinatal characteristics, neonatal morbidities and socio-economic conditions on the occurrence of motor, sensory, cognitive, language and psychological disorders in a large longitudinal preterm infant population during the first 7 years af...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Müller JB,Hanf M,Flamant C,Olivier M,Rouger V,Gascoin G,Basset H,Rozé JC,Nusinovici S

更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Exercise can suppress androgen production and may thus decrease the risk of prostate cancer. However, findings from epidemiological studies assessing physical activity and risk of prostate cancer are inconsistent. METHODS:We prospectively examined the association between physical activity and prostate cance...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Liu S,Lee IM,Linson P,Ajani U,Buring JE,Hennekens CH

更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In recent years, the residential exposure to radon daughters has become a cause for concern as a contributing factor for lung cancer. In order to evaluate the population's risk consequences of different interpretations of the results of epidemiological studies in cohorts of uranium miners, a simulation model has been ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Stolwijk JA,Canny PF

更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A comparative study of the effects of combined oral contraceptives (OC) on coagulation and fibrinolytic variables using standardized laboratory technique and methodology has been performed in Dublin (Ireland), Salvador (Brazil), Santiago (Chile) and Singapore. Of 777 entrants to the study, 622 were randomly allocated ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Leck I,Thomson JM,Bocaz JA,Barja P,Bonnar J,Daly L,Carrol A,Coutinho E,Goncalves M,Tsakok M

更新日期：1991-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) is usually based on trials where patients are randomized individually into two different, parallel, treatment groups. This paper concentrates on RCTs of a different design-two-period, two-treatment cross-over trials. METHODS:The characteristics of these t...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Elbourne DR,Altman DG,Higgins JP,Curtin F,Worthington HV,Vail A

更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:There are several existing systematic reviews of prevalence of dementia for mainland China, Hong Kong and Taiwan, but several studies have been newly reported. The aim of this study is to update prevalence data in this region and test for variation across geographical areas and time periods using the new dat...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Wu YT,Ali GC,Guerchet M,Prina AM,Chan KY,Prince M,Brayne C

更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The European Atherosclerosis Research Study--EARS--is a multicentre collaborative project sponsored by the European Community. Its main objective is to study, in young people, the biological expression of a paternal history of premature acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and the relative share of heredity and environme...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors：

更新日期：1994-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone and pivmecillinam are the antibiotics currently recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for the treatment of dysentery in children; yet there have been no reviews of the clinical effectiveness of these antibiotics in recent years. METHODS:We reviewed all literature repo...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Traa BS,Walker CL,Munos M,Black RE

更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Undernutrition is associated with an increased risk of death among young children in developing countries. Infant and child nutritional status and mortality were monitored in a rural area of Casamance, Senegal. METHODS:Analysis of weight measurements taken at 3-24 months of age during routine growth monitor...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Pinchinat S,Enel C,Pison G,Duthé G,Lagarde E,Simondon F,Simondon KB

更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Previous studies have reported an increased risk of death in those who report their health is poor, however, the role of underlying and subclinical disease in this association has not been carefully studied. METHODS:The associations between perceived health status and mortality from all causes and cardiovas...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Kaplan GA,Goldberg DE,Everson SA,Cohen RD,Salonen R,Tuomilehto J,Salonen J

更新日期：1996-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B and C, viral infections with shared percutaneous, mucosal and perinatal routes of transmission, are responsible for serious morbidity and mortality globally. In Bangladesh there is a dearth of research on prevalence and risk factors for these diseases. This ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Gibney L,Saquib N,Metzger J,Choudhury P,Siddiqui M,Hassan M

更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Vital statistics underestimate the prevalence of perinatal and infant deaths. This is particularly significant when these parameters affect eligibility for international assistance for newly emerging nations. OBJECTIVE:To determine the level of registration of livebirths, stillbirths and infant deaths in Ja...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： McCaw-Binns AM,Fox K,Foster-Williams KE,Ashley DE,Irons B

更新日期：1996-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Geographical variations in the declining rates of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) mortality may provide clues about various environmental risk factors responsible as a mass influence on the population IHD rate. The rate of IHD decline in 18 of 21 NJ counties was 2 to 45% less than the USA national rate of decline. The o...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Najem GR,Hutcheon DE,Feuerman M

更新日期：1990-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The prevalence of human T-lymphotropic retrovirus (HTLV) was examined in Taiwan's indigenous populations. In all, 797 healthy subjects in Taiwan including Han Chinese and nine indigenous populations (Ami, Atayal, Bunun, Saisiat, Paiwan, Puyuma, Rukai, Tsuo, and Yami) were examined for the presence of antibodies to HTL...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Ishida T,Pan IH,Horai S,Saitou N,Sun CS

更新日期：1993-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Rochester Epidemiology Project (REP) medical records-linkage system was established in 1966 to capture health care information for the entire population of Olmsted County, MN, USA. The REP includes a dynamic cohort of 502 820 unique individuals who resided in Olmsted County at some point between 1966 and 2010, and...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： St Sauver JL,Grossardt BR,Yawn BP,Melton LJ 3rd,Pankratz JJ,Brue SM,Rocca WA

更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Recent economic growth in Papua New Guinea (PNG) would suggest that the country may be experiencing an epidemiological transition, characterized by a reduction in infectious diseases and a growing burden from non-communicable diseases (NCDs). However, data on cause-specific mortality in PNG are very sparse, ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Gouda HN,Hazard RH,Maraga S,Flaxman AD,Stewart A,Joseph JC,Rarau P,Wangnapi R,Poka H,Serina P,Phuanukoonnon S,Pham BN,Vano M,Lupiwa S,Sie A,Kave H,Lehmann D,Siba P,Lopez AD,Riley ID

更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To examine whether the reduction in childhood mortality after immunization can be explained by the prevention of measles and its long-term effects. METHODS:and Data We re-analysed an existing data set from Matlab, Bangladesh. During 1982-1985, measles immunization was used from 9 months of age in half of the...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Aaby P,Bhuiya A,Nahar L,Knudsen K,de Francisco A,Strong M

更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:While dietary patterns that are both predictive of chronic disease and mortality have been identified, the confounding effects of cardiorespiratory fitness have not been properly addressed. The primary objective was to assess the relation between dietary patterns with all-cause mortality, while controlling f...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Héroux M,Janssen I,Lam M,Lee DC,Hebert JR,Sui X,Blair SN

更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:To examine whether induced abortion increases the risk of low birthweight in subsequent singleton live births. METHODS:Cohort study using the Danish Medical Birth Registry (MBR), the Hospital Discharge Registry (HDR), and the Induced Abortion Registry (IAR). All women who had their first pregnancy during 19...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Zhou W,Sørensen HT,Olsen J

更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:In 2009, there were 8273 local screening laboratories, 254 confirmatory laboratories, 35 provincial confirmatory central laboratories and 1 National AIDS Reference Laboratory (NARL) in China. These laboratories were located in Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) facilities, hospitals, blood donat...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Jiang Y,Qiu M,Zhang G,Xing W,Xiao Y,Pan P,Yao J,Ou CY,Su X

更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Social inequities and their relation to health form a topic of growing concern in the Netherlands. The present investigation on educational level and mortality was carried out in a cohort of men born in 1932, examined for military service in 1950/1951 and for whom vital statistics could be obtained. In the group of 78...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Doornbos G,Kromhout D

更新日期：1990-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：Background:Maternal short stature has been observed to increase the risk of preterm birth; however, the aetiology behind this phenomenon is unknown. We investigated whether preeclampsia, an obstetric complication that often leads to preterm delivery and is reported to have an inverse association with women's height, me...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Morisaki N,Ogawa K,Urayama KY,Sago H,Sato S,Saito S

更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Genital herpes infection is life-long and may result in painful and recurrent genital lesions, systemic complications, serious psychosocial morbidity, and rare but serious outcomes in neonates born to infected women, including permanent neurological handicap and death. Herpes simplex virus (HSV)-2 is the principal cau...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Brugha R,Keersmaekers K,Renton A,Meheus A

更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In a population-based cohort study in Southern Brazil, 87.3% of 5914 liveborn infants were followed for over 12 months. The 215 infant deaths occurring in this cohort were studied in relation to birthweight, gestational age and socioeconomic status. Causes of death were ascertained through the review of case notes and...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Victora CG,Barros FC,Vaughan JP,Teixeira AM

更新日期：1987-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mortality and cancer incidence were analysed in follow-up of a cohort of 3327 Vietnamese refugees who came to Britain after the end of the Vietnam war. Overall mortality of the refugees was very low compared to expectations based on England and Wales national rates: the all-cause standardized mortality ratio for males...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Swerdlow Aj

更新日期：1991-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The European Prospective Investigation of Cancer (EPIC) is a 10-country collaborative study in which EPIC-Norfolk is one of the UK centres. EPIC-Norfolk examined 25 639 men and women resident in East Anglia (aged 40-79 years), between 1993 and 1997. The EPIC collaboration was set up to examine the dietary determinants...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Hayat SA,Luben R,Keevil VL,Moore S,Dalzell N,Bhaniani A,Khawaja AP,Foster P,Brayne C,Wareham NJ,Khaw KT

更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00