Abstract:
:Mortality and cancer incidence were analysed in follow-up of a cohort of 3327 Vietnamese refugees who came to Britain after the end of the Vietnam war. Overall mortality of the refugees was very low compared to expectations based on England and Wales national rates: the all-cause standardized mortality ratio for males was 64 (95% confidence interval 52-77) and for females was 56 (95% confidence interval 44-71). This resulted particularly from very low mortality from ischaemic heart disease and colorectal cancer in each sex, and breast cancer in women. Mortality in the refugees was greatly increased for tuberculosis, cancer of the stomach in both sexes, cancers of the nasopharynx and liver in males, and peptic ulcer in females. Cancer incidence data showed in addition an excess of cancer of the penis. Despite the great trauma and stress of their flight, the only indication of a possible effect of the migration on the mortality of the refugees who survived to reach Britain was the excess of peptic ulcer deaths in women.
journal_name
Int J Epidemioljournal_title
International journal of epidemiologyauthors
Swerdlow Ajdoi
10.1093/ije/20.1.13subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1991-03-01 00:00:00pages
13-9issue
1eissn
0300-5771issn
1464-3685journal_volume
20pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:Being a zoonosis, the transmission of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is influenced by climatic, reservoir and occupational factors. This paper has quantified the incidence and potential risk factors of HFRS in Yingshang County, a low-lying epidemic focus of the disease in China. METHODS:Corre...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/31.1.189
更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In the mid 1980s European governments committed themselves to the WHO goal 'reduced inequality in health by year 2000' according to which inequality in health should be reduced by 25% by the year 2000. The study aim is to estimate the time trend in relative risk due to ischaemic heart disease (IHD) morbidity...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/28.4.640
更新日期:1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors studied how the introduction of several modifications to a basic food frequency questionnaire can influence the results of dietary surveys. Modifications covered eight combinations based on three levels: increasing versus decreasing order of frequency categories; questionnaires without versus with question...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1093/ije/21.6.1144
更新日期:1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The predisposing and precipitating causes of acute myocardial infarction (MI) are multiple; furthermore, different individuals may have different susceptibility, to a large extent genetically determined, to each of them. In spite of the complex aetiology of MI and of our limited knowledge of the causes responsible for...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/ije/30.suppl_1.s41
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:It is widely believed that children of high socioeconomic status (SES) are more likely than those of low SES to develop acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). Such observations have led to wide-ranging speculations about the potential aetiological role of factors associated with affluence and modernization. M...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyl193
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Maternal mortality from complications of unsafe abortion constitutes a serious problem in several developing countries. There is, however, a paucity of well-designed and implemented studies in this area, especially in Latin America. The aim of this paper is to present the findings on the determinants and med...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/27.5.833
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cholesterol levels in many Asian countries are rising. Predictions of the likely effects of this on the incidence of cardiovascular diseases have mostly relied on data from Western populations. Whether the associations between total cholesterol and cardiovascular diseases are similar in Asia is not establish...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1093/ije/dyg106
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The incidence of hepatitis C (HCV) infection among injecting drug users (IDUs) in Dublin is particularly high by international standards. The most robust predictor of an IDU's HCV status is his or her total number of lifetime injecting episodes. It has been proposed that participation in specific unsafe inje...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyh347
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Early-life social environment has been suggested to play an important role during the development of Helicobacter pylori-related gastric diseases. We aimed to assess the association of sibship size with H. pylori infection and chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) in a population-based study from Germany. METHOD...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyp250
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Violent criminality is at least moderately heritable, but the mechanisms behind this remain largely unexplained. Height, a highly heritable trait, may be involved but no study has estimated the effect of height on crime while simultaneously accounting for important demographic, biological and other heritable...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyt274
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Coronary heart disease (CHD) is regarded as a disease of developed 'western' societies. Within developed societies, however, CHD is typically a disease of the less affluent socioeconomic classes. This has not always been the case. Forty years ago. CHD was reported to be more common among the upper social classes. In N...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/20.2.393
更新日期:1991-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is usually necessary to estimate repeatability of a self-administered questionnaire from responses by subjects on just two occasions. It is shown that it is not possible to estimate false positive and false negative classification rates separately, but that an average correct classification can be calculated. This ...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/16.1.121
更新日期:1987-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Despite positive changes in most maternal risk factors in Brazil, previous studies did not show reductions in preterm birth and low birthweight. We analysed trends and inequalities in these outcomes over a 33-year period in a Brazilian city. METHODS:Four population-based birth cohort studies were carried ou...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyy106
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relationship of parents' cigarette smoking to outcome of pregnancy-implications as to the problem of inferring causation from observed associations. Amer J Epidem 1971;93:443-456. Nearly 10,000 white and more than 3000 black women were interviewed early in pregnancy on a variety of medical, genetic, environmental,...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyu160
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Operational research (OR) analysis provides information and systems to support decision making. In health care there are examples of OR being used to support decisions surrounding both the organization of health services and the treatment of individual patients. However, its uptake is currently low in spite of the inc...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/24.supplement_1.s90
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The attributable risk for invasive cervical cancer in the US and Italian populations has been estimated in relation to main 'aetiological' factors (number of sexual partners, age at first intercourse, parity, oral contraceptive use and smoking) and history of Pap smear using data from two case-control studies conducte...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/19.3.539
更新日期:1990-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cost effective use of new vaccines against pneumococcal disease in children requires detailed information about the local epidemiology of pneumococcal infections. METHODS:Data on 393 culture-confirmed cases of invasive pneumococcal infection in children (<17 years) hospitalized in Swiss paediatric clinics w...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1093/ije/27.6.1101
更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In the absence of planned efforts to target the poor, child survival programs often favour the rich. Further evidence is needed urgently about which interventions and programme approaches are most effective in addressing inequities. The Lives Saved Tool (LiST) is available and can be used to model mortality ...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyq034
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::To determine whether mortality from asthma in Japan has increased, and to examine the age-, sex-, and race-specific mortality rates from this disease and their secular trends in both Japan and the US, vital statistics from 1979 through 1988 were studied. Overall, rates were highest among Japanese and decreased from 19...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/23.1.143
更新日期:1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The immune adherence haemagglutination assay (IAHA), widely used for human viral disease diagnosis, has been adapted for detection of rabies virus antibodies in dog sera. Rabies virus antibody titres obtained by the IAHA correlated well with those obtained by the currently accepted test for rabies antibody determinati...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/16.3.472
更新日期:1987-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examine the resource implications of two potential health services aimed at preventing congenital toxoplasmosis: a screening service involving serological surveillance for toxoplasma infection in pregnant women and its prophylactic treatment; and a health education campaign to help pregnant women avoid acquiring to...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/13.1.65
更新日期:1984-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Present understanding of increased risk of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-related infectious mononucleosis among children of low birth order or small sibships is mainly based on old and indirect evidence. Societal changes and methodological limitations of previous studies call for new data. METHODS:We used data f...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyu118
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:Background:To assess the worldwide variation of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) incidence, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based data published to date. Methods:We reviewed Medline and Embase up to June 2015 and included all population-based studies of newly diagnosed ALS cases, us...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1093/ije/dyw061
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Samples of East African tribesmen from two separate locations were compared with respect to a number of anthropometric, cardiovascular and biochemical variables. The major finding was a large, significant difference in mean triglyceride levels between the groups (0.97 vs. 0.67 mmol/l; p less than 0.001), the mean plas...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/15.2.183
更新日期:1986-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:This article examines whether the neighbourhood environment influences intermediate cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, such as obesity (body mass index [BMI]), and lifestyle factors, such as no physical activity and smoking, when adjusted for the individual socioeconomic status (SES). METHODS:The st...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/28.5.841
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of behaviour on health is a major area of contemporary epidemiological enquiry. Most epidemiological studies of the effect of behaviour on health assume that the levels of the behaviour-related variables are determined by factors other than those under study. However, in many instances, obvious examples are...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/19.1.147
更新日期:1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The BED assay was developed to estimate the proportion of recent HIV infections in a population. We used the BED assay as a proxy for acute infection to quantify the associated risk of mother-to-child-transmission (MTCT) during pregnancy and delivery. Design A total of 3773 HIV-1 sero-positive women were test...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyr055
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In this paper we investigated whether the capture-recapture method is useful for a cancer registry to monitor its completeness of case ascertainment on a routine basis. METHODS:The capture-recapture method was used to estimate the completeness of case ascertainment in three regional cancer registries in the...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/23.6.1111
更新日期:1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mortalities from selected causes from 1973 to 1982 among Koreans, Chinese, and Americans residing in Japan were compared with those of Japanese. In the Korean population, besides the well-documented excess in mortalities from liver cancer, lung cancer, liver cirrhosis and male tuberculosis, a rather prominent elevatio...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/16.3.415
更新日期:1987-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Telomere length and DNA methylation have been proposed as biological clock measures that track chronological age. Whether they change in tandem, or contribute independently to the prediction of chronological age, is not known. METHODS:We address these points using data from two Scottish cohorts: the Lothian...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyw041
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00