Using operational research modelling to improve the provision of health services: the case of DNA technology.

abstract：BACKGROUND:If several risk factors for disease are considered in a regression model and these factors are affected by measurement errors, the observed relative risk will be attenuated. In nutritional epidemiology, several nutrient variables show strong correlation, described as collinearity. The observed relative risk ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Elmståhl S,Gullberg B

更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We examine the resource implications of two potential health services aimed at preventing congenital toxoplasmosis: a screening service involving serological surveillance for toxoplasma infection in pregnant women and its prophylactic treatment; and a health education campaign to help pregnant women avoid acquiring to...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Henderson JB,Beattie CP,Hale EG,Wright T

更新日期：1984-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Increases in measles antibodies without rash-illnesses have been documented in previously vaccinated children exposed to measles cases. The phenomenon has been incompletely evaluated in young unvaccinated infants with immunity of maternal origin. METHODS:Monthly cohorts of newborns were prospectively random...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Bennett J,Whittle H,Samb B,Cisse B,Simondon F,Aaby P

更新日期：1999-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An outbreak of typhoid fever occurred in Chu-Tung township, Taiwan, with dates of onset from 6 July to 8 August, 1983. Fifty-four cases were hospitalized, of which 52 were laboratory confirmed. A chloramphenicol-resistant strain of Salmonella typhi was isolated from patients' blood samples. A community survey of 2772 ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： King CC,Chen CJ,You SL,Chuang YC,Huang HH,Tsai WC

更新日期：1989-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Aetiology confronts two distinct issues: the determinants of individual cases, and the determinants of incidence rate. If exposure to a necessary agent is homogeneous within a population, then case/control and cohort methods will fail to detect it: they will only identify markers of susceptibility. The corresponding s...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Rose G

更新日期：1985-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of smoking habits, socio-occupational factors and respiratory symptoms in the development of airflow obstruction have been studied in a working population of 575 men aged 30-54 in 1960 and surveyed in 1960 and 1972. On average, FEV1 decreased by 47 ml/annum. Apart from FEV1 level, which reflects loss since...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Kauffmann F,Drouet D,Lellouch J,Brille D

更新日期：1979-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:International rankings of infant mortality rates have been consistently lower for the US than other industrialized countries, and this ranking has been falling. This study examines the influence of birth registrations among very low birthweight infants on these international rankings. METHODS:Birth rates of...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Sepkowitz S

更新日期：1995-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Maternal co-infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been implicated as a potentially important co-factor for enhanced vertical transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV). In previous reports, however, methodological issues (notably small sample sizes) have limited accurate evaluation of the contri...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Pappalardo BL

更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent developments in statistics have produced powerful methods that facilitate the analysis of longitudinal studies. These methods are illustrated by an analysis of a longitudinal study of blood pressure in children. The results of the study show a clear tendency for blood pressure to increase with age, and Asian ch...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Darby SC,Fearn T

更新日期：1979-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Few epidemiological investigations of invasive cervical cancer have been conducted in Sub-Saharan African populations. METHODS:Using information collected as part of the hospital-based World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborative Study of Neoplasia and Steroid Contraceptives, we examined potential risk fac...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Williams MA,Kenya PR,Mati JK,Thomas DB

更新日期：1994-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：Background:Most Chinese people over 55 years old today have experienced the Great Leap Forward Famine of 1959-61. Many reports suggested that the famine could have profound long-term health effects for exposed birth cohorts. A systematic review and meta-analysis was carried out to summarize reported famine effects on l...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Li C,Lumey LH

更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Recent studies indicate that cancers of the salivary gland are increasing, and the factors responsible for the increase are unknown. Artefactual changes, such as shift in classifying cancers of the floor of the mouth to cancers of the salivary gland, could affect the time trend for salivary gland cancer. ME...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Zheng T,Holford TR,Chen Y,Ward B,Liu W,Flannery J,Boyle P

更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Immunocompromised patients are at increased risk of acquiring healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and often require specialized models of care. Surveillance of HAIs is essential for effective infection-prevention programmes. However, little is known regarding standardized or specific surveillance methods...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Valentine JC,Hall L,Verspoor KM,Worth LJ

更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Tuberculosis has been declining in developed countries for a long time, as a result of the intrinsic epidemiological characteristics of this disease, combined with improvement in the standard of living and more recently the use of antibiotics. In these low prevalence countries, decisions concerning the objec...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Garcia A,Maccario J,Richardson S

更新日期：1997-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The aim of this research was to determine the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carrier prevalence among cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and the population attributable risk of HBsAg carriage for HCC, by ethnicity in New Zealand. METHODS:The hospital notes of HCC cases registered with the New Zea...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Blakely TA,Bates MN,Baker MG,Tobias M

更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The purpose of this study was to analyse both cross-sectional associations and how longitudinal changes in lifestyle factors from one state in 1980-1981 to another in 1988-1989 influence self-reported health status. Another aim was to estimate the hazard ratios for all-cause mortality for the changes in life...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Johansson SE,Sundquist J

更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Two hundred and ninety-nine of 428 patients diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in Kuwait during 1978 were matched with hospitalized controls by sex, nationality, and same year of age. Patients were almost six times as likely as controls to be smokers (odds ratio [OR] = 5.6; 95% confidence limits [CL] = 2...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Al-Owaish RA,Zack M

更新日期：1982-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is usually necessary to estimate repeatability of a self-administered questionnaire from responses by subjects on just two occasions. It is shown that it is not possible to estimate false positive and false negative classification rates separately, but that an average correct classification can be calculated. This ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Chinn S,Burney PG

更新日期：1987-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：Background:Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal. Most countries have exhibited a stable or decreasing incidence over time. The aim of this study was to provide updated French temporal trends in pancreatic cancer incidence and mortality over the past three decades. Methods:Incidence was estimated using the Frenc...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Bouvier AM,Uhry Z,Jooste V,Drouillard A,Remontet L,Launoy G,Leone N,French Network of Cancer Registries (FRANCIM).

更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:There is considerable interest in estimating the causal effect of a range of maternal environmental exposures on offspring health-related outcomes. Previous attempts to do this using Mendelian randomization methodologies have been hampered by the paucity of epidemiological cohorts with large numbers of genot...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Evans DM,Moen GH,Hwang LD,Lawlor DA,Warrington NM

更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:This article examines whether the neighbourhood environment influences intermediate cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, such as obesity (body mass index [BMI]), and lifestyle factors, such as no physical activity and smoking, when adjusted for the individual socioeconomic status (SES). METHODS:The st...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Sundquist J,Malmström M,Johansson SE

更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A serological survey of a random sample of 541 of the population of St Lucia was undertaken. The prevalence of antibodies to dengue, herpes virus, VZ, rotavirus, rubella and syphilis is described and compared with other communities. ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Evans AS,Cook JA,Kapikian AZ,Nankervis G,Smith AL,West B

更新日期：1979-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Most HIV infections originate from individuals who are undiagnosed and unaware of their infection. Estimation of this quantity from surveillance data is hard because there is incomplete knowledge about (i) the time between infection and diagnosis (TI) for the general population, and (ii) the time between imm...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Giardina F,Romero-Severson EO,Axelsson M,Svedhem V,Leitner T,Britton T,Albert J

更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Quantitative bias analysis serves several objectives in epidemiological research. First, it provides a quantitative estimate of the direction, magnitude and uncertainty arising from systematic errors. Second, the acts of identifying sources of systematic error, writing down models to quantify them, assigning values to...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Lash TL,Fox MP,MacLehose RF,Maldonado G,McCandless LC,Greenland S

更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Perinatal characteristics are associated with subsequent risk of several chronic diseases. Previous studies regarding endometriosis were based on small samples and retrospective data and were limited by unmeasured confounding bias, leading to conflicting and inconclusive findings. We investigated the associa...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Gao M,Scott K,Koupil I

更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B and C, viral infections with shared percutaneous, mucosal and perinatal routes of transmission, are responsible for serious morbidity and mortality globally. In Bangladesh there is a dearth of research on prevalence and risk factors for these diseases. This ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Gibney L,Saquib N,Metzger J,Choudhury P,Siddiqui M,Hassan M

更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Life history theory and resource dilution models of the family suggest that siblings may present a threat to healthy development because they compete for resources that parents have available to invest in individual offspring. Using data from a large cohort study of contemporary British families (ALSPAC), we...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Lawson DW,Mace R

更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To describe secular trends in pneumonia hospitalizations in the Bronx, New York City from 1982-1986, we analysed all cases with a discharge diagnosis of pneumonia, excluding Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), for Bronx residents by age, sex, neighbourhood, and length of stay (N = 21,822). Hospital deaths from PCP a...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Drucker E,Webber MP,McMaster P,Vermund SH

更新日期：1989-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To assess whether the offspring of UK veterans of the first Gulf war are at increased risk of fetal death or congenital malformation. METHOD:This was a retrospective reproductive cohort study of UK Gulf war veterans and a demographically similar comparison group who were in service at the time but were not ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Doyle P,Maconochie N,Davies G,Maconochie I,Pelerin M,Prior S,Lewis S

更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Not every leprosy patient is equally effective in transmitting Mycobacterium leprae. We studied the spatial distribution of infection (using seropositivity as a marker) in the population to identify which disease characteristics of leprosy patients are important in transmission. METHODS:Clinical data and bl...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Bakker MI,Hatta M,Kwenang A,Faber WR,van Beers SM,Klatser PR,Oskam L

更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00