Modelling the annual risk of tuberculosis infection.

abstract：BACKGROUND:To investigate variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) incubation period, transmission barrier, and short-term vCJD predictions for methionine homozygotes in 1940-1969 and post-1969 birth cohorts by use of gender- and age-specific exposure intensities to bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), based on cons...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Cooper JD,Bird SM

更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Smoking increases the risk of squamous-cell carcinoma of the cervix, but it is not clear whether smoking increases the risk of acquisition or persistence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. METHODS:Information on smoking was collected from 10 areas in four continents among population-based, age-stratif...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Vaccarella S,Herrero R,Snijders PJ,Dai M,Thomas JO,Hieu NT,Ferreccio C,Matos E,Posso H,de Sanjosé S,Shin HR,Sukvirach S,Lazcano-Ponce E,Muñoz N,Meijer CJ,Franceschi S,IARC HPV Prevalence Surveys (IHPS) Study Group.

更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：Background:To assess the worldwide variation of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) incidence, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based data published to date. Methods:We reviewed Medline and Embase up to June 2015 and included all population-based studies of newly diagnosed ALS cases, us...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Marin B,Boumédiene F,Logroscino G,Couratier P,Babron MC,Leutenegger AL,Copetti M,Preux PM,Beghi E

更新日期：2017-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We present two enhancements to existing methods for visualizing vital statistics data. Data from the Human Mortality Database were used and vital statistics from England and Wales are used for illustration. The simpler of these methods involves coplotting mean age of death with its variance, and the more complex of th...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Minton J,Vanderbloemen L,Dorling D

更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:To explore whether causes of maternal death can be investigated using the sisterhood method, an indirect method for providing a community-based estimate of the level of maternal mortality, this study compares the sisterhood causes of maternal death with the Matlab Demographic Surveillance System's (DSS) caus...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Shahidullah M

更新日期：1995-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Syndromes for which no physical or pathological changes can be found tend to be researched and managed in isolation although hypotheses suggest that they may be one entity. The objectives of our study were to investigate the co-occurrence, in the general population, of syndromes that are frequently unexplain...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Aggarwal VR,McBeth J,Zakrzewska JM,Lunt M,Macfarlane GJ

更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An outbreak of typhoid fever occurred in Chu-Tung township, Taiwan, with dates of onset from 6 July to 8 August, 1983. Fifty-four cases were hospitalized, of which 52 were laboratory confirmed. A chloramphenicol-resistant strain of Salmonella typhi was isolated from patients' blood samples. A community survey of 2772 ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： King CC,Chen CJ,You SL,Chuang YC,Huang HH,Tsai WC

更新日期：1989-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Prospective data from the Matlab surveillance area in rural Bangladesh, 1974-1982, were used in this study to show that divorced and never-married adults (aged 15-44 years) had significantly higher mortality than their currently married peers with differences in disability status accounting for some of this excess ris...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Rahman O

更新日期：1993-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:There is considerable interest in the possible role of nitrate in gastric carcinogenesis, but little information on nitrate intake around the world. This is the first study to give comprehensive standardised data on nitrate excretion as a marker of intake, using 48 worldwide population samples. METHODS:Urin...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Hill MJ,Elliott P,Joossens JV,Packer PJ,Kesteloot H,Nichols R,Leach S,Dyer A,Stamler R,Stamler J

更新日期：1996-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This report gives the results of a health interview survey using a recall interval of one month, in Rural Cameroon carried out between 5 November 1973 and 7 March 1974 on a random selection of 1886 families with 9362 individuals. The disease prevalence in the study area (a positive illness rate of 27.8 percent for a f...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Nchinda TC

更新日期：1977-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Birthweight distributions among second-born infants depend on the birthweights of older siblings, with implications for weight-specific perinatal mortality. We wanted to study whether these relations were explained by socioeconomic levels, and to study time trends in a situation with decreasing perinatal mor...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Melve KK,Skjaerven R

更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To examine the effects, by income group, of targeted food taxes and subsidies on nutrition, health and expenditure in the UK. METHODS:A model based on consumption data and demand elasticity was constructed to predict the effects of four food taxation-subsidy regimens. Resulting changes in demand, expenditure...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Nnoaham KE,Sacks G,Rayner M,Mytton O,Gray A

更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The tuberculin skin test (TST) is the most commonly used tool to detect infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We sought to determine whether tuberculin skin testing is useful to detect latent infection by M. tuberculosis in a population that was vaccinated with the Bacille Calmette Guérin (BCG) vaccine....

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： García-Sancho F MC,García-García L,Jiménez-Corona ME,Palacios-Martínez M,Ferreyra-Reyes LD,Canizales-Quintero S,Cano-Arellano B,Ponce-de-León A,Sifuentes-Osornio J,Small P,DeRiemer K

更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Methodological issues concerning the collection and analysis of daily morbidity data in community studies in developing countries are discussed. The effects of recall period and inter-observer variation on symptom prevalence are considered in the context of a longitudinal study in The Gambia, in which prevalence fell ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Byass P,Hanlon PW

更新日期：1994-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Previous studies have assessed the relative importance of material, psychosocial and behavioural factors in the explanation of relative socio-economic inequalities in mortality, but research into the contribution of biomedical factors has been limited. Our study examines the relative contribution of (i) mate...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Skalická V,van Lenthe F,Bambra C,Krokstad S,Mackenbach J

更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Each of three consecutive cold seasons (November-March) in the town of Tiberias, Israel, was dominated by one particular rotavirus serotype causing acute diarrhoea in the community: the 1987/88 season by serotype-2; 1988/89 by serotype-1 and 1989/90 by serotype-4. Each season was also characterized by a particular pat...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Shif I,Silberstein I,Aboudy Y,Mendelson E,Mates A,Gotlieb-Stematsky T

更新日期：1992-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The proportional relationships of the four numbers in a 2 x 2 table can be displayed using two types of box graphs. In one approach, a 'unitary square' is first divided according to the denominator proportions of the two groups formed in a cohort or case-control study, and then re-divided according to the numerator pr...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Feinstein AR,Kwoh CK

更新日期：1988-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper provides a brief overview to four major types of causal models for health-sciences research: Graphical models (causal diagrams), potential-outcome (counterfactual) models, sufficient-component cause models, and structural-equations models. The paper focuses on the logical connections among the different typ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Greenland S,Brumback B

更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Cholesterol levels in many Asian countries are rising. Predictions of the likely effects of this on the incidence of cardiovascular diseases have mostly relied on data from Western populations. Whether the associations between total cholesterol and cardiovascular diseases are similar in Asia is not establish...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Zhang X,Patel A,Horibe H,Wu Z,Barzi F,Rodgers A,MacMahon S,Woodward M,Asia Pacific Cohort Studies Collaboration.

更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The increased odds of stomach cancer among subjects with blood type A have been reported in epidemiological studies. AIM:To study the relation of family history of gastric cancer and ABO blood type with precancerous gastric lesions in a high-risk area for stomach cancer. Subjects and setting We examined 340...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： You WC,Ma JL,Liu W,Gail MH,Chang YS,Zhang L,Hu YR,Fraumeni JF Jr,Xu GW

更新日期：2000-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality has more than halved in England since the 1980s, but there are few data on small-area trends. We estimated CVD mortality by ward in 5-year intervals between 1982 and 2006, and examined trends in relation to starting mortality, region and community deprivation. METHODS:...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Asaria P,Fortunato L,Fecht D,Tzoulaki I,Abellan JJ,Hambly P,de Hoogh K,Ezzati M,Elliott P

更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:We explored methods to develop uncorrelated variables for epidemiological analysis models. They were used to examine associations between respiratory health outcomes and multiple household risk factors. METHODS:We analysed data collected in the Four Chinese Cities Study (FCCS) to examine health effects on p...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Qian Z,Zhang J,Korn LR,Wei F,Chapman RS

更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Life expectancy is most commonly measured for a period (corresponding to mortality within a given year) or for a specific birth cohort. Although widely used, period and cohort life expectancy have limitations as their time-trends often show disparities and can mask the historical mortality experience of all cohorts pr...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Canudas-Romo V,Adair T,Mazzuco S

更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：Background:In order to support health service organizations in arranging a system for prevention of road traffic collisions (RTC), it is important to study the usefulness of sleep assessment tools. A cohort study was used to evaluate the effectiveness of subjective and objective sleep assessment tools to assess for the...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Wu WT,Tsai SS,Liao HY,Lin YJ,Lin MH,Wu TN,Shih TS,Liou SH

更新日期：2017-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The clustering of xerophthalmia in villages and in households was assessed among preschool children surveyed in the Lower Shire Valley, Malawi, and in Aceh province, Indonesia. Trachoma clustering was similarly assessed among the same children in Malawi. Trachoma clustered much more than xerophthalmia among villages a...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Katz J,Zeger SL,Tielsch JM

更新日期：1988-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Potential benefits of preventing continued alcohol intake in individuals presenting at the hospital with an alcohol problem can be highlighted by studying their excess risk of subsequent morbidity and mortality. METHODS:All Danish residents with a first-time hospital contact with alcohol problems (intoxicat...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Askgaard G,Leon DA,Deleuran T,Tolstrup JS

更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The relationship between risk of cervical neoplasia and various sociodemographic, reproductive and sexual characteristics was studied in 126 women (cases) with an abnormal Papanicolaou test finding and 1914 controls seen at the same clinic in which cases were detected but showing no evidence of cervical neoplasia. All...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Zaninetti P,Franceschi S,Baccolo M,Bonazzi B,Gottardi G,Serraino D

更新日期：1986-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Data from several studies indicate that children of mothers who smoked during pregnancy may be at a risk of overweight compared with children of non-smoking mothers. The size of this relation, however, is unclear, as is the age at which it becomes detectable. METHODS:Prospective data for 34 866 children enr...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Chen A,Pennell ML,Klebanoff MA,Rogan WJ,Longnecker MP

更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Although individual studies have been inconsistent, meta-analyses of epidemiological data suggest that high folate and vitamin B12 levels may be associated with increased prostate cancer risk. METHODS:Within JANUS, a prospective cohort in Norway (n = 317 000) with baseline serum samples, we conducted a nest...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： de Vogel S,Meyer K,Fredriksen Å,Ulvik A,Ueland PM,Nygård O,Vollset SE,Tell GS,Tretli S,Bjørge T

更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Few studies have examined the independent and combined relationships of body mass index (BMI) peak and rebound with adiposity, insulin resistance and metabolic risk later in life. We used data from Project Viva, a well-characterized birth cohort from Boston with repeated measures of BMI, to help fill this ga...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Aris IM,Rifas-Shiman SL,Li LJ,Kleinman KP,Coull BA,Gold DR,Hivert MF,Kramer MS,Oken E

更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00