abstract：:Interrupted time series designs are a valuable quasi-experimental approach for evaluating public health interventions. Interrupted time series extends a single group pre-post comparison by using multiple time points to control for underlying trends. But history bias-confounding by unexpected events occurring at the sa...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Degli Esposti M,Spreckelsen T,Gasparrini A,Wiebe DJ,Bonander C,Yakubovich AR,Humphreys DK

更新日期：2021-01-23 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The substantial disease burden attributed to heat waves, and their increasing frequency and intensity due to climate change, highlight the importance of understanding the health consequences of heat waves. We explore the mortality risk due to heat wave characteristics, including the timing in the seasons, th...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Sun Z,Chen C,Yan M,Shi W,Wang J,Ban J,Sun Q,He MZ,Li T

更新日期：2021-01-23 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Despite reporting lower levels of alcohol consumption, people with lower socio-economic status (SES) experience greater alcohol-related harm. Whether differential biases in the measurement of alcohol use could explain this apparent paradox is unknown. Using alcohol biomarkers to account for measurement error...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Peña S,Mäkelä P,Härkänen T,Heliövaara M,Gunnar T,Männistö S,Laatikainen T,Vartiainen E,Koskinen S

更新日期：2021-01-23 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Exposure to respirable crystalline silica is suggested to increase the risk of autoimmune rheumatic diseases. We examined the association between respirable crystalline silica exposure and systemic sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and small vessel vasculitis. METHODS:In a cohort...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Boudigaard SH,Schlünssen V,Vestergaard JM,Søndergaard K,Torén K,Peters S,Kromhout H,Kolstad HA

更新日期：2021-01-18 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Lower maternal serum vitamin B12 (B12) and folate levels have been associated with lower offspring birthweight, in observational studies. The aim of this study was to investigate whether this relationship is causal. METHODS:We performed two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) using summary data on associati...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Moen GH,Beaumont RN,Grarup N,Sommer C,Shields BM,Lawlor DA,Freathy RM,Evans DM,Warrington NM

更新日期：2020-12-21 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Predictions of primary liver cancer (PLC) incidence rates and case numbers are critical to understand and plan for PLC disease burden. METHODS:Data on PLC incidence rates and case numbers from 1990 to 2017 were retrieved from the Global Burden of Disease database. The estimated average percentage change (EA...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Liu Z,Xu K,Jiang Y,Cai N,Fan J,Mao X,Suo C,Jin L,Zhang T,Chen X

更新日期：2020-12-08 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) are of great help when researchers try to understand the nature of causal relationships and the consequences of conditioning on different variables. One fundamental feature of causal relations that has not been incorporated into the standard DAG framework is interaction, i.e. w...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Nilsson A,Bonander C,Strömberg U,Björk J

更新日期：2020-11-22 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Increasing physical activity (PA) and reducing sedentary behaviour (SB) have been associated with healthy ageing, but their effects when adjusted for reverse causation and selection bias remain unclear. METHODS:A deficits accumulation (DA) index based on the number and severity of 51 health deficits (0-100%...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： García-Esquinas E,Ortolá R,Martínez-Gómez D,Damián J,Prina M,Rodríguez-Artalejo F,Pastor-Barriuso R

更新日期：2020-11-05 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The scale of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection among health care workers (HCWs), particularly in resource-limited settings, remains unclear. To address this concern, universal (non-symptom-based) screening of HCWs was piloted to determine the proportion of SARS-CoV-2 infe...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Mostafa A,Kandil S,El-Sayed MH,Girgis S,Hafez H,Yosef M,Saber S,Ezzelarab H,Ramadan M,Afifi I,Hassan F,Elsayed S,Reda A,Fattuh D,Mahmoud A,Mansour A,Sabry M,Habeb P,Ebeid FS,Saleh A,Mansour O,Omar A,El-Meteini

更新日期：2020-10-23 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Associations between soy, dairy intakes and breast cancer risk are inconsistent. No studies exist with large numbers of dairy consumers and soy consumers to assess mutual confounding. METHODS:The study cohort contains 52 795 North American women, initially free of cancer, followed for 7.9 years (29.7% were ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Fraser GE,Jaceldo-Siegl K,Orlich M,Mashchak A,Sirirat R,Knutsen S

更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Life expectancy is most commonly measured for a period (corresponding to mortality within a given year) or for a specific birth cohort. Although widely used, period and cohort life expectancy have limitations as their time-trends often show disparities and can mask the historical mortality experience of all cohorts pr...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Canudas-Romo V,Adair T,Mazzuco S

更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:While the COVID-19 outbreak in China now appears suppressed, Europe and the USA have become the epicentres, both reporting many more deaths than China. Responding to the pandemic, Sweden has taken a different approach aiming to mitigate, not suppress, community transmission, by using physical distancing with...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Sjödin H,Johansson AF,Brännström Å,Farooq Z,Kriit HK,Wilder-Smith A,Åström C,Thunberg J,Söderquist M,Rocklöv J

更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) is commonly used for assessing the discriminative ability of prediction models even though the measure is criticized for being clinically irrelevant and lacking an intuitive interpretation. Every tutorial explains how the coordinates of the ROC cur...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Janssens ACJW,Martens FK

更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To examine whether educational attainment and intelligence have causal effects on risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD), independently of each other. DESIGN:Two-sample univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization (MR) to estimate the causal effects of education on intelligence and vice versa, and the to...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Anderson EL,Howe LD,Wade KH,Ben-Shlomo Y,Hill WD,Deary IJ,Sanderson EC,Zheng J,Korologou-Linden R,Stergiakouli E,Davey Smith G,Davies NM,Hemani G

更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:This study investigated whether patients with a history of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection are at increased risk of developing psoriasis. METHODS:We enrolled 66 274 patients with HPV infection between 1997 and 2013 from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, and compared them with cont...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Chen ML,Kao WM,Huang JY,Hung YM,Wei JC

更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The prediction of future obesity patterns is crucial for effective strategic planning. However, disproportionally changing body mass index (BMI) distributions pose particular challenges. Flexible modelling of the shape of BMI distributions may improve prediction performance. METHODS:We used data from repeat...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Yamada G,Castillo-Salgado C,Jones-Smith JC,Moulton LH

更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The majority of tuberculosis (TB) cases in low-incidence countries occur in migrants. Only few studies have assessed the long-term TB risk in migrants after immigration, and datasets have not considered this across a range of diverse migrant groups. This nationwide study aimed to investigate long-term TB ris...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Kristensen KL,Ravn P,Petersen JH,Hargreaves S,Nellums LB,Friedland JS,Andersen PH,Norredam M,Lillebaek T

更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Perinatal characteristics are associated with subsequent risk of several chronic diseases. Previous studies regarding endometriosis were based on small samples and retrospective data and were limited by unmeasured confounding bias, leading to conflicting and inconclusive findings. We investigated the associa...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Gao M,Scott K,Koupil I

更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Accumulating evidence suggests that aspirin use may improve survival in cancer patients, however, for endometrial cancer, epidemiological evidence is limited and results are equivocal. In a nationwide cohort study, we examined the association between post-diagnostic low-dose aspirin use and endometrial cance...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Sperling CD,Verdoodt F,Aalborg GL,Dehlendorff C,Friis S,Kjaer SK

更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Potential benefits of preventing continued alcohol intake in individuals presenting at the hospital with an alcohol problem can be highlighted by studying their excess risk of subsequent morbidity and mortality. METHODS:All Danish residents with a first-time hospital contact with alcohol problems (intoxicat...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Askgaard G,Leon DA,Deleuran T,Tolstrup JS

更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Most HIV infections originate from individuals who are undiagnosed and unaware of their infection. Estimation of this quantity from surveillance data is hard because there is incomplete knowledge about (i) the time between infection and diagnosis (TI) for the general population, and (ii) the time between imm...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Giardina F,Romero-Severson EO,Axelsson M,Svedhem V,Leitner T,Britton T,Albert J

更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:Live vaccines may have beneficial non-specific effects. We tested whether the live measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine compared with the non-live diphtheria-tetanus-acellular-pertussis-inactivated-polio-Haemophilus influenzae type b (DTaP-IPV-Hib) vaccine as the most recent vaccine was ass...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Rieckmann A,Hærskjold A,Benn CS,Aaby P,Lange T,Sørup S

更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Estimating the number of people in hidden populations is needed for public health research, yet available methods produce highly variable and uncertain results. The Anchored Multiplier calculator uses a Bayesian framework to synthesize multiple population size estimates to generate a consensus estimate. Users submit p...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Wesson PD,McFarland W,Qin CC,Mirzazadeh A

更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Immunocompromised patients are at increased risk of acquiring healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and often require specialized models of care. Surveillance of HAIs is essential for effective infection-prevention programmes. However, little is known regarding standardized or specific surveillance methods...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Valentine JC,Hall L,Verspoor KM,Worth LJ

更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Mobile phone use and exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) from it have been associated with symptoms in some studies, but the studies have shortcomings and their findings are inconsistent. We conducted a prospective cohort study to assess the association between amount of mobile phone u...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Auvinen A,Feychting M,Ahlbom A,Hillert L,Elliott P,Schüz J,Kromhout H,Toledano MB,Johansen C,Poulsen AH,Vermeulen R,Heinävaara S,Kojo K,Tettamanti G,COSMOS Study Group.

更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Urbanization in developing countries is usually accompanied by migration to cities, making it a challenge to unpack the independent relationships between migration, urbanization and health, particularly in the presence of health-selective migration. Since 1978, unprecedented planned urbanization has taken pl...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Hou B,Nazroo J,Banks J,Marshall A

更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Recently, using a counterfactual framework, a causal mediation analysis has been formalized to decompose the total effect of a time-fixed exposure on an outcome into four components that can be loosely defined as being components due to mediation only, interaction only, mediated interaction and neither. The ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Mutlu U,Ikram MA,Ikram MK

更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The purpose of a negative control is to reproduce a condition that cannot involve the hypothesized causal mechanism, but does involve the same sources of bias and confounding that may distort the primary association of interest. Observational studies suggest physical inactivity is a major risk factor for car...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Hamer M,Bauman A,Bell JA,Stamatakis E

更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Several studies have shown that inactivated, whole-cell oral cholera vaccines (OCVs) confer both direct protection on vaccinees and herd protection on populations. Because our earlier cluster-randomized effectiveness trial (CRT) in urban Bangladesh failed to detect OCV herd protection, we reanalysed the tria...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Ali M,Qadri F,Kim DR,Islam T,Im J,Ahmmed F,Chon Y,Islam Khan A,Zaman K,Marks F,Clemens JD

更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:There is considerable interest in estimating the causal effect of a range of maternal environmental exposures on offspring health-related outcomes. Previous attempts to do this using Mendelian randomization methodologies have been hampered by the paucity of epidemiological cohorts with large numbers of genot...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Evans DM,Moen GH,Hwang LD,Lawlor DA,Warrington NM

更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Recent economic growth in Papua New Guinea (PNG) would suggest that the country may be experiencing an epidemiological transition, characterized by a reduction in infectious diseases and a growing burden from non-communicable diseases (NCDs). However, data on cause-specific mortality in PNG are very sparse, ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Gouda HN,Hazard RH,Maraga S,Flaxman AD,Stewart A,Joseph JC,Rarau P,Wangnapi R,Poka H,Serina P,Phuanukoonnon S,Pham BN,Vano M,Lupiwa S,Sie A,Kave H,Lehmann D,Siba P,Lopez AD,Riley ID

更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:In designing prevention strategies, it may be useful to understand how early and midlife cardiovascular disease risk factor (CVDRF) exposures affect outcomes that primarily occur in mid to late life. Few single US cohorts have followed participants from early adulthood to late life. METHODS:We pooled four p...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Zeki Al Hazzouri A,Vittinghoff E,Zhang Y,Pletcher MJ,Moran AE,Bibbins-Domingo K,Golden SH,Yaffe K

更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Despite positive changes in most maternal risk factors in Brazil, previous studies did not show reductions in preterm birth and low birthweight. We analysed trends and inequalities in these outcomes over a 33-year period in a Brazilian city. METHODS:Four population-based birth cohort studies were carried ou...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Silveira MF,Victora CG,Horta BL,da Silva BGC,Matijasevich A,Barros FC,Pelotas Cohorts Study Group.

更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We describe our experience in several settings, following a suggestion in 1983 to add questions on the smoking status of the deceased on the UK death certificate as an effective way to monitor the evolution of the smoking epidemic. In South Africa in 1997 and in Tianjin Municipality, China, in 2010, questions about th...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Sitas F,Bradshaw D,Egger S,Jiang G,Peto R

更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:High-income countries are experiencing an obesity epidemic that follows a socioeconomic gradient, affecting groups of lower socioeconomic status disproportionately. Recent clinical findings have suggested new perspectives for the prevention and treatment of obesity, using personalized dietary approaches. Precision nut...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Chatelan A,Bochud M,Frohlich KL

更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Hospital admissions in infancy are declining in several countries. We describe admissions to neonatal intensive care units (NICU) and other hospitalizations over a 33-year period in the Brazilian city of Pelotas. METHODS:We analysed data from four population-based birth cohorts launched in 1982, 1993, 2004 ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Wehrmeister FC,Victora CG,Horta BL,Menezes AMB,Santos IS,Bertoldi AD,da Silva BGC,Barros FC,Pelotas Cohorts Study Group.

更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Type 2 diabetes (T2D) results from a complex interplay between genetics and the environment. Several epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) have found DNA methylation loci associated with T2D in European populations. However, data from African populations are lacking. We undertook the first EWAS for T2D a...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Meeks KAC,Henneman P,Venema A,Addo J,Bahendeka S,Burr T,Danquah I,Galbete C,Mannens MMAM,Mockenhaupt FP,Owusu-Dabo E,Rotimi CN,Schulze MB,Smeeth L,Spranger J,Zafarmand MH,Adeyemo A,Agyemang C

更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:To investigate the relative contributions of prenatal complications, perinatal characteristics, neonatal morbidities and socio-economic conditions on the occurrence of motor, sensory, cognitive, language and psychological disorders in a large longitudinal preterm infant population during the first 7 years af...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Müller JB,Hanf M,Flamant C,Olivier M,Rouger V,Gascoin G,Basset H,Rozé JC,Nusinovici S

更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Few studies have examined the independent and combined relationships of body mass index (BMI) peak and rebound with adiposity, insulin resistance and metabolic risk later in life. We used data from Project Viva, a well-characterized birth cohort from Boston with repeated measures of BMI, to help fill this ga...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Aris IM,Rifas-Shiman SL,Li LJ,Kleinman KP,Coull BA,Gold DR,Hivert MF,Kramer MS,Oken E

更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Small-for-gestational-age (SGA) birth is commonly used as a proxy for fetal growth restriction, but also includes constitutionally small infants. Genetic factors account for almost half of the risk of SGA birth. We estimated perinatal risks of SGA birth using both population-based and within-sibling analyses...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Cnattingius S,Kramer MS,Norman M,Ludvigsson JF,Fang F,Lu D

更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00