Sick individuals and sick populations.

abstract：BACKGROUND:In designing prevention strategies, it may be useful to understand how early and midlife cardiovascular disease risk factor (CVDRF) exposures affect outcomes that primarily occur in mid to late life. Few single US cohorts have followed participants from early adulthood to late life. METHODS:We pooled four p...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Zeki Al Hazzouri A,Vittinghoff E,Zhang Y,Pletcher MJ,Moran AE,Bibbins-Domingo K,Golden SH,Yaffe K

更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Predictions of primary liver cancer (PLC) incidence rates and case numbers are critical to understand and plan for PLC disease burden. METHODS:Data on PLC incidence rates and case numbers from 1990 to 2017 were retrieved from the Global Burden of Disease database. The estimated average percentage change (EA...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Liu Z,Xu K,Jiang Y,Cai N,Fan J,Mao X,Suo C,Jin L,Zhang T,Chen X

更新日期：2020-12-08 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:This study evaluated whether food insecurity and obesity were associated in a population sample in Trinidad. METHODS:A sample was drawn of 15 clusters of households, in north central Trinidad. Resident adults were enumerated. A questionnaire was administered including the short form Household Food Security ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Gulliford MC,Mahabir D,Rocke B

更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Aetiological profiles of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) may differ depending upon whether the disease is inheritance-related or sporadic. Because familial risk (a probable surrogate of inheritance-relatedness) of NHL is influenced by haematolymphoproliferative malignancies (HLPM), we evaluated whether non-fami...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Zhu K,Levine RS,Brann EA,Gu Y,Caplan LS,Hall I,Baum MK

更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Operational research (OR) analysis provides information and systems to support decision making. In health care there are examples of OR being used to support decisions surrounding both the organization of health services and the treatment of individual patients. However, its uptake is currently low in spite of the inc...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Beech R

更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Women in developing countries often continue their agricultural work during late pregnancy. Whether this adversely affects birthweight is not clear from previous studies as few controlled for confounding factors. This study seeks to clarify this issue. METHODS:This retrospective cohort study investigated 95...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Lima M,Ismail S,Ashworth A,Morris SS

更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Recent studies indicate that cancers of the salivary gland are increasing, and the factors responsible for the increase are unknown. Artefactual changes, such as shift in classifying cancers of the floor of the mouth to cancers of the salivary gland, could affect the time trend for salivary gland cancer. ME...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Zheng T,Holford TR,Chen Y,Ward B,Liu W,Flannery J,Boyle P

更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We examine the resource implications of two potential health services aimed at preventing congenital toxoplasmosis: a screening service involving serological surveillance for toxoplasma infection in pregnant women and its prophylactic treatment; and a health education campaign to help pregnant women avoid acquiring to...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Henderson JB,Beattie CP,Hale EG,Wright T

更新日期：1984-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To observe recent trends in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence in antenatal clinic attendees to determine if previously noted falls in HIV prevalence are occurring on both sides of the Kenyan-Ugandan border. Design An ecologic study was conducted at the district level comparing HIV prevalence rates...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Moore DM,Hogg RS

更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Results from some retrospective studies suggest a possible increased risk of glioma and acoustic neuroma in users of mobile phones. METHODS:The relation between mobile phone use and incidence of intracranial central nervous system (CNS) tumours and other cancers was examined in 791,710 middle-aged women in ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Benson VS,Pirie K,Schüz J,Reeves GK,Beral V,Green J,Million Women Study Collaborators.

更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article investigates the interrelationship of socioeconemic status, anthropometric status and mortality of young children in rural Bangladesh. Data for this study come from Matlab, the vital registration area of the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, where anthropometric and socioec...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Bairagi R,Chowdhury MK

更新日期：1994-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In Papua New Guinea a 15-year mortality follow-up was carried out among 2026 highlanders and 1734 coastal dwellers on whom data on respiratory symptoms and signs, and lung function had been obtained by prevalence surveys in 1970/71. Survival status was established in 99%, of whom 9.8% had died, the rate being higher i...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Anderson HR,Vallance P,Bland JM,Nohl F,Ebrahim S

更新日期：1988-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) is endemic in many rural areas of Brazil where different transmission patterns of the disease have been described. This ecological study was carried out in a municipality located in Southeast Brazil and aimed to investigate the space-temporal patterns of the disease and...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Machado-Coelho GL,Assunção R,Mayrink W,Caiaffa WT

更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this study, we derive national estimates of the prevalence of children's exposure to parental smoking in West Germany. The estimates are based on a national health survey conducted in 1987 and refer to those parents living in the same household as the child. Estimated prevalences of maternal smoking range from 18.9...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Brenner H,Mielck A

更新日期：1993-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Birth-cohort analysis is of particular importance for gastric cancer since migrant studies have indicated that early life experiences play a dominant role in the occurrence of the disease. However, none of the birth-cohort analyses conducted in various countries have provided information on variation in the birth-coho...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Lee WC,Lin RS

更新日期：1994-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Estimating the number of people in hidden populations is needed for public health research, yet available methods produce highly variable and uncertain results. The Anchored Multiplier calculator uses a Bayesian framework to synthesize multiple population size estimates to generate a consensus estimate. Users submit p...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Wesson PD,McFarland W,Qin CC,Mirzazadeh A

更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The familial aggregation of chronic bronchitis and obstructive airways disease was investigated in a propositus population of 430 persons aged 45-54 years and 1340 of their first (1 degree), second (2degrees) and third (3 degrees ) order relatives. All subjects were screened in their homes using a modified British MRC...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Tager I,Tishler PV,Rosner B,Speizer FE,Litt M

更新日期：1978-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Genetic and maternal prenatal environmental factors as well as the post-natal rearing environment may contribute to the association between childhood socioeconomic circumstances and later mortality. In order to disentangle these influences, we studied all-cause and cause-specific mortality in a cohort of ado...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Osler M,Petersen L,Prescott E,Teasdale TW,Sørensen TI

更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：Background:Mendelian randomization (MR) is being increasingly used to strengthen causal inference in observational studies. Availability of summary data of genetic associations for a variety of phenotypes from large genome-wide association studies (GWAS) allows straightforward application of MR using summary data metho...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Hartwig FP,Davey Smith G,Bowden J

更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The role of rotavirus in non-bacterial gastroenteritis in Kuwait was investigated. Employing electronmicroscopy (EM) and enzyme-linked-immuno-sorbent-assay (ELISA) techniques, the virus was detected in the stools of 42 of 274 (15.3%) infants with the disease. A statistically significant association (P less than 0.05) ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Al-Nakib W,Chrystie IL,Banatvala JE,Al-Sayegh F

更新日期：1980-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this paper, a new non-parametric competing-risk model is proposed. This model takes relative susceptibility into account, and is thus free from the usual assumption of independence between competing causes of death. Another feature of the model is the adjustments of survivors and deaths as a results of the eliminat...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Wong O

更新日期：1977-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Evidence suggests that in utero exposure to undernutrition and overnutrition might affect adiposity in later life. Epigenetic modification is suggested as a plausible mediating mechanism. METHODS:We used multivariable linear regression and a negative control design to examine offspring epigenome-wide DNA me...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Sharp GC,Lawlor DA,Richmond RC,Fraser A,Simpkin A,Suderman M,Shihab HA,Lyttleton O,McArdle W,Ring SM,Gaunt TR,Davey Smith G,Relton CL

更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent criticism of epidemiologic methods has focused on the limitations of 'black box' epidemiology, a pejorative label given to the simple identification of exposure-disease relationships. The assessment of mediation is an important tool for addressing this criticism. By using mediation analysis to open the black bo...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Hafeman DM,Schwartz S

更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Themba Lethu Clinical Cohort was established in 2004 to allow large patient-level analyses from a single HIV treatment site to evaluate National Treatment Guidelines, answer questions of national and international policy relevance and to combine an economic and epidemiologic focus on HIV research. The current obje...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Fox MP,Maskew M,MacPhail AP,Long L,Brennan AT,Westreich D,MacLeod WB,Majuba P,Sanne IM

更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Telomere length and DNA methylation have been proposed as biological clock measures that track chronological age. Whether they change in tandem, or contribute independently to the prediction of chronological age, is not known. METHODS:We address these points using data from two Scottish cohorts: the Lothian...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Marioni RE,Harris SE,Shah S,McRae AF,von Zglinicki T,Martin-Ruiz C,Wray NR,Visscher PM,Deary IJ

更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Recent communications have argued that often it may not be appropriate to analyse cross-sectional studies of prevalent outcomes with logistic regression models. The purpose of this communication is to compare three methods that have been proposed for application to cross sectional studies: (1) a multiplicati...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Skov T,Deddens J,Petersen MR,Endahl L

更新日期：1998-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The risk of cancer was evaluated among 77,952 asthma patients with bronchial asthma. The series was obtained through linkage of two registers: the Finnish Social Insurance Institution's file of asthma patients and the Finnish Cancer Registry. There was a significant excess risk of lung cancer in both sexes, the standa...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Vesterinen E,Pukkala E,Timonen T,Aromaa A

更新日期：1993-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Some, but not all, observational studies have suggested that taller stature is associated with a significant increased risk of glioma. In a pooled analysis of observational studies, we investigated the strength and consistency of this association, overall and for major sub-types, and investigated effect modi...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Kitahara CM,Wang SS,Melin BS,Wang Z,Braganza M,Inskip PD,Albanes D,Andersson U,Beane Freeman LE,Buring JE,Carreón T,Feychting M,Gapstur SM,Gaziano JM,Giles GG,Hallmans G,Hankinson SE,Henriksson R,Hsing AW,Johansen C

更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is usually necessary to estimate repeatability of a self-administered questionnaire from responses by subjects on just two occasions. It is shown that it is not possible to estimate false positive and false negative classification rates separately, but that an average correct classification can be calculated. This ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Chinn S,Burney PG

更新日期：1987-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Debates exist over whether health inequities are bound to rise as population health improves, due to health improving more quickly among the better off, with most analyses focused on mortality data. METHODS:We analysed 50 years of socioeconomic inequities in measured health status among US-born Black and Wh...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Krieger N,Kosheleva A,Waterman PD,Chen JT,Beckfield J,Kiang MV

更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00