当前位置： SCI文献检索 > INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY期刊下所有文献 > Trends in antenatal human immunodeficiency virus prevalence in Western Kenya and Eastern Uganda: evidence of differences in health policies?

Trends in antenatal human immunodeficiency virus prevalence in Western Kenya and Eastern Uganda: evidence of differences in health policies?

Abstract：

OBJECTIVE:To observe recent trends in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence in antenatal clinic attendees to determine if previously noted falls in HIV prevalence are occurring on both sides of the Kenyan-Ugandan border. Design An ecologic study was conducted at the district level comparing HIV prevalence rates over time using data available through reports published by the Kenyan and Ugandan Ministries of Health and UNAIDS. METHODS:Sentinel sites were compared with respect to population, ethnicity, language group, and the prevalence of circumcision practice. The prevalence of HIV found at each sentinel site was recorded for the years 1990-2000 and analysed visually and by conducting bivariate correlations. RESULTS:Ethnographic analysis revealed a wide mix of ethnic and language groups and circumcision rates on both sides of the border. All sentinel surveillance sites in Uganda showed trends towards decreasing HIV prevalence, with three of five sites showing statistically significant declines (r = -0.87, -0.85, -0.86, P < 0.05). In contrast, all of the surveillance sites in Kenya showed trends toward increasing HIV prevalence, with two of the five sites showing statistically significant increases (r = 0.62, 0.84, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS:The declines in HIV prevalence occurring in Uganda are not being seen in geographically proximal districts of Kenya. No obvious differences in ethnic groupings or their associated prevalence of circumcision appeared to explain these differences. This suggests that decreasing HIV prevalence in Uganda is not due to the natural course of the epidemic but reflects real success in terms of HIV control policies.

journal_name

Int J Epidemiol

journal_title

International journal of epidemiology

authors

Moore DM,Hogg RS

doi

10.1093/ije/dyh127

keywords:

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2004-06-01 00:00:00

pages

542-8

issue

3

eissn

0300-5771

issn

1464-3685

pii

dyh127

journal_volume

33

pub_type

杂志文章

相关文献

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY文献大全
  • Socioeconomic differentials in misclassification of height, weight and body mass index based on questionnaire data.

    abstract：BACKGROUND:The purpose of this study was to analyse misclassification of height, weight and body mass index (BMI), derived from mail questionnaires, and its dependency on socioeconomic factors. METHODS:A random sample of 4442 adults aged 18-84 years, living in Stockholm county, Sweden, were in 1984-1985 asked about th...

    journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1093/ije/26.4.860

    authors： Boström G,Diderichsen F

    更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00

  • A randomized clinical trial to evaluate ready-made spectacles in an adult population in India.

    abstract：BACKGROUND:Ready-made spectacles (RMS) have advantages; however, visual performance and satisfaction has not been evaluated. METHODS:A 1-month, double-masked, randomized clinical trial comparing planned continued use and visual performance of RMS to Custom Spectacles (CS) in adults aged 18-45 years with > or =1 diopte...

    journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

    pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi：10.1093/ije/dyp384

    authors： Keay L,Gandhi M,Brady C,Ali FS,Mathur U,Munoz B,Friedman DS

    更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00

  • Polymorphisms of the CRP gene inhibit inflammatory response and increase susceptibility to depression: the Health in Men Study.

    abstract：BACKGROUND:Depression has been associated with chronic changes in the serum concentration of C-reactive protein (CRP) in observational studies, but it is unclear if this association is causal or is due to confounding and bias. Genetic studies are less subject to this type of error and offer an opportunity to investigat...

    journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1093/ije/dyp199

    authors： Almeida OP,Norman PE,Allcock R,van Bockxmeer F,Hankey GJ,Jamrozik K,Flicker L

    更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00

  • Chlamydia pneumoniae antibodies in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

    abstract：BACKGROUND:The significance of persistent or recurrent respiratory infections in adult life for the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is still to a large extent unknown. A few clinical and experimental animal studies suggest that peripheral airways diseases may be due to the cumulative effects...

    journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1093/ije/25.3.658

    authors： von Hertzen L,Isoaho R,Leinonen M,Koskinen R,Laippala P,Töyrylä M,Kivelä SL,Saikku P

    更新日期：1996-06-01 00:00:00

  • Screening of the thyroid function of newborns in Southern Belgium.

    abstract：:Data on T4 and TSH values derived from a voluntary screening programme of thyroid function in Belgium are presented. Significant differences in T4 values according to sex, maturity and birthplace are shown. ...

    journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1093/ije/7.3.249

    authors： Bouckaert A,Beckers C,Francois B

    更新日期：1978-09-01 00:00:00

  • Birthweight and perinatal mortality: paradoxes, social class, and sibling dependencies.

    abstract：BACKGROUND:Birthweight distributions among second-born infants depend on the birthweights of older siblings, with implications for weight-specific perinatal mortality. We wanted to study whether these relations were explained by socioeconomic levels, and to study time trends in a situation with decreasing perinatal mor...

    journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1093/ije/dyg163

    authors： Melve KK,Skjaerven R

    更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00

  • Association between polygenic risk scores for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and educational and cognitive outcomes in the general population.

    abstract：Background:Children with a diagnosis of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder ADHD) have lower cognitive ability and are at risk of adverse educational outcomes; ADHD genetic risks have been found to predict childhood cognitive ability and other neurodevelopmental traits in the general population; thus genetic risks...

    journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1093/ije/dyw216

    authors： Stergiakouli E,Martin J,Hamshere ML,Heron J,St Pourcain B,Timpson NJ,Thapar A,Davey Smith G

    更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00

  • Lactation and breast cancer risk.

    abstract：BACKGROUND:Data from the Carolina Breast Cancer Study, a population-based, case-control study of breast cancer in African-American and white women residents of North Carolina, were evaluated to determine whether specific aspects of lactation are associated with a reduction in the risk of breast cancer. METHODS:Analyse...

    journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1093/ije/28.3.396

    authors： Furberg H,Newman B,Moorman P,Millikan R

    更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00

  • Application of Markov process modelling to health status switching behaviour of infants.

    abstract：BACKGROUND:This study is an attempt to apply Markov process modelling to health status switching behaviour of infants. The data for the study consist of monthly records of diagnosed illnesses for 1152 children, each observed from the month of first contact with Kasangati Health Centre, Kampala, Uganda, until age 18 mon...

    journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1093/ije/24.1.177

    authors： Biritwum RB,Odoom SI

    更新日期：1995-02-01 00:00:00

  • A person to person hepatitis A outbreak.

    abstract：:A person to person outbreak of hepatitis A is described: 90 cases of hepatitis A occurred in a small town in Calabria, southern Italy; all cases were under 18 years of age with the highest age-specific incidence rate in the 6-10 year age group. Transmission was identified by tracing close contacts with other incubatin...

    journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1093/ije/15.1.108

    authors： Greco D,De Giacomi G,Piersante GP,Bibby L,Nicastro M,Cavalcanti P

    更新日期：1986-03-01 00:00:00

  • Seroepidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection in a population of Egyptian children.

    abstract：BACKGROUND:To describe the seroepidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection in a population of Egyptian children under 3 years. METHODS:A cohort of children under 36 months, residing in Abu Homos, Egypt, were visited at home twice weekly. Information regarding the child's breastfeeding status was obtained, and period...

    journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1093/ije/29.5.928

    authors： Naficy AB,Frenck RW,Abu-Elyazeed R,Kim Y,Rao MR,Savarino SJ,Wierzba TF,Hall E,Clemens JD

    更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00

  • Childhood and adolescent leukaemia in a North American population.

    abstract：OBJECTIVE:This was to describe and analyse incidence and survival data on childhood leukaemias. SAMPLE:Incident leukaemia cases aged 0-19 from the cancer registry holdings of the province of Saskatchewan for the 60-year period 1932-1991 are the subject of this descriptive report. METHODS:Age-adjusted, age-specific, h...

    journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1093/ije/24.6.1100

    authors： Wang PP,Haines CS

    更新日期：1995-12-01 00:00:00

  • Mortality in women and men in relation to smoking.

    abstract：BACKGROUND:Mortality from smoking-related diseases in women is increasing worldwide. Studies comparing hazards associated with smoking in women and men based on a sufficient number of heavy smokers of both genders are lacking. METHODS:We used pooled data from three prospective population studies conducted in Copenhage...

    journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1093/ije/27.1.27

    authors： Prescott E,Osler M,Andersen PK,Hein HO,Borch-Johnsen K,Lange P,Schnohr P,Vestbo J

    更新日期：1998-02-01 00:00:00

  • Epidemiological and aetiological evidence for transmission of Lyme disease by adult Ixodes persulcatus in an endemic area in China.

    abstract：:Involvement of adult Ixodes persulcatus ticks in the transmission of Lyme disease in Hailin County, Heilongjiang Province, China, is reported. In 1986 from April through August adult I. persulcatus was the dominant tick in this endemic area with an infection rate of 43% for the Lyme disease spirochaete, Borrelia burgd...

    journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1093/ije/19.4.1061

    authors： Ai CX,Hu RJ,Hyland KE,Wen YX,Zhang YG,Qiu QC,Li DY,Liu XD,Shi ZX,Zhao JH

    更新日期：1990-12-01 00:00:00

  • The infant mortality rate, life expectancy at birth, and a linear index of mortality as measures of general health status.

    abstract：:The infant mortality rate is not a good indicator of overall mortality or health status. Based on new empirical life tables from the UN Population Division, it can only predict life expectancy with 95% confidence to within a 14-year range. Two infant mortality rates must be nearly 80 units apart to be 95% confident th...

    journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1093/ije/17.1.122

    authors： Murray CJ

    更新日期：1988-03-01 00:00:00

  • Dietary patterns and the risk of mortality: impact of cardiorespiratory fitness.

    abstract：BACKGROUND:While dietary patterns that are both predictive of chronic disease and mortality have been identified, the confounding effects of cardiorespiratory fitness have not been properly addressed. The primary objective was to assess the relation between dietary patterns with all-cause mortality, while controlling f...

    journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1093/ije/dyp191

    authors： Héroux M,Janssen I,Lam M,Lee DC,Hebert JR,Sui X,Blair SN

    更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00

  • Inter-mediating risk factors in the relation between socioeconomic status and 25-year mortality (the Zutphen Study).

    abstract：:In the Zutphen Study data were collected on occupation, smoking habits, blood pressure, serum cholesterol, height and weight of 856 men who were 40-59 years old in 1960. Between 1960 and 1985 detailed information was collected on mortality. The effect of socioeconomic status as indicated by occupation on 25-year morta...

    journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1093/ije/18.3.658

    authors： Duijkers TJ,Kromhout D,Spruit IP,Doornbos G

    更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00

  • Childhood nervous system tumours: an assessment of risk associated with paternal occupations involving use, repair or manufacture of electrical and electronic equipment.

    abstract：:Parental occupational exposures to chemical carcinogens have been associated with malignancies in offspring. Recent studies have raised the issue that electromagnetic fields may play a role in carcinogenesis. We conducted a population-based case-control study testing for an association between the occurrence of a nerv...

    journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1093/ije/18.4.756

    authors： Johnson CC,Spitz MR

    更新日期：1989-12-01 00:00:00

  • The use of Baye's theorem and other indices of agreement in evaluating the use of reagent strips in screening rural schoolchildren for Schistosoma haematobium in Zambia.

    abstract：:The diagnosis of Schistosoma haematobium disease on the basis of history and physical examination alone is often difficult. Tests have thus been developed to allow an early and more accurate diagnosis. However these tests have substantial imperfections and many different results obtained from these tests must be integ...

    journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1093/ije/17.1.202

    authors： Ng'andu NH

    更新日期：1988-03-01 00:00:00

  • Iodization and thyroid status in relation to stillbirths and congenital anomalies.

    abstract：:Thyroid status is known to have an important bearing on the ability of a woman to conceive, and to bring a normal infant to term. Thyroid status has changed in a number of previously iodine deficient countries as a result of recent iodization programmes. In this study, examination has been made of changes in the rates...

    journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1093/ije/8.2.137

    authors： Potter JD,McMichael AJ,Hetzel BS

    更新日期：1979-06-01 00:00:00

  • Ethnic differences in blood pressure level between Japanese school children in Bolivia and native Bolivians.

    abstract：:Blood pressure levels were measured in 626 children (138 Japanese, 477 Bolivian and 11 of mixed blood) in a Japanese agricultural settlement in Bolivia. Systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure was higher in Japanese children than in Bolivian children at each measured age by 4.09 mmHg (P = 0.0001) and 2.25 mm...

    journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1093/ije/18.1.100

    authors： Tsugane S,Kitagawa Y,Kondo H

    更新日期：1989-03-01 00:00:00

  • Trends in incidence of adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus and gastric cardia in ten European countries.

    abstract：BACKGROUND:In many western countries an increase in incidence of adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus and/or gastric cardia have been reported. The aim of this study was to describe and compare trends in incidence of adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus and gastric cardia in several areas of Europe, 1968-1995, using Eurocim (a...

    journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

    pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究

    doi：10.1093/ije/29.4.645

    authors： Botterweck AA,Schouten LJ,Volovics A,Dorant E,van Den Brandt PA

    更新日期：2000-08-01 00:00:00

  • HDSS Profile: The Kersa Health and Demographic Surveillance System.

    abstract：:Kersa HDSS was established in 12 sub-districts of Kersa district, Eastern Hararge, Oromia Region, Ethiopia. The site is principally rural with two small towns (Kersa and Weter). The baseline census was conducted in 2007 and since then has been updated every 6 months, with registration of demographic and health events....

    journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1093/ije/dyv284

    authors： Assefa N,Oljira L,Baraki N,Demena M,Zelalem D,Ashenafi W,Dedefo M

    更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00

  • A systematic review and meta-analysis of perinatal variables in relation to the risk of testicular cancer--experiences of the son.

    abstract：BACKGROUND:We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis of perinatal variables in relation to testicular cancer risk, with a specific focus upon characteristics of the son. METHODS:Literature databases Scopus, EMBASE, PubMed and Web of Science were searched using highly sensitive search strategies. Of 5865 refer...

    journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

    pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审

    doi：10.1093/ije/dyq120

    authors： Cook MB,Akre O,Forman D,Madigan MP,Richiardi L,McGlynn KA

    更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00

  • Epidemiology for prevention.

    abstract：:This paper illustrates the basis of, expectations for and evaluation of prevention from an epidemiological perspective. Specifically, the extent to which epidemiologists could and should be involved in designing and evaluating public health interventions is addressed. Changes in the view on disease causation and epide...

    journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

    pub_type： 杂志文章,评审

    doi：10.1093/ije/24.4.655

    authors： Wall S

    更新日期：1995-08-01 00:00:00

  • The population dynamics of cancer: a Darwinian perspective.

    abstract：:Carcinogenesis, at least for some types of cancer, can be interpreted as the consequence of selection of mutated cells similar to what, in the theory of evolution, occurs at the population level. Instead of considering a population of organisms, we can refer to a population of cells belonging to multicellular organism...

    journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

    pub_type： 杂志文章,评审

    doi：10.1093/ije/dyl185

    authors： Vineis P,Berwick M

    更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00

  • Proportionate mortality among male corn wet-milling workers.

    abstract：:Workers in the corn wet-milling industry are exposed to grain dusts, pesticides and fumigants, acids, solvents, sulphur dioxide, and other chemicals used in the manufacture of starch, oil, syrup, and dextrins. In a preliminary investigation of the long-term health effects of occupational exposures in this industry, de...

    journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1093/ije/14.3.432

    authors： Thomas TL,Krekel S,Heid M

    更新日期：1985-09-01 00:00:00

  • Rotavirus diarrhoea in Apache children: a case-control study.

    abstract：:A case-control study of rotavirus diarrhoea in Apache children up to two years old was conducted at the White Mountain Apache reservation from 1 May through 15 December 1985 to identify risk factors for rotavirus diarrhoea. The mothers of fifty cases, forty-five hospital controls and twenty-five neighbourhood controls...

    journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1093/ije/19.3.715

    authors： Menon S,Santosham M,Reid R,Almeido-Hill J,Sack RB,Comstock GW

    更新日期：1990-09-01 00:00:00

  • Patterns of body mass index milestones in early life and cardiometabolic risk in early adolescence.

    abstract：BACKGROUND:Few studies have examined the independent and combined relationships of body mass index (BMI) peak and rebound with adiposity, insulin resistance and metabolic risk later in life. We used data from Project Viva, a well-characterized birth cohort from Boston with repeated measures of BMI, to help fill this ga...

    journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1093/ije/dyy286

    authors： Aris IM,Rifas-Shiman SL,Li LJ,Kleinman KP,Coull BA,Gold DR,Hivert MF,Kramer MS,Oken E

    更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00

  • Measuring effectiveness in community randomized trials of HIV prevention.

    abstract：BACKGROUND:Complicated HIV transmission dynamics make it unclear how to design and interpret results from community-randomized controlled trials (CRCT) of interventions to prevent infection. METHODS:Mathematical modelling was used to investigate the effectiveness of interventions to prevent HIV transmission aimed at h...

    journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

    pub_type： 杂志文章

    doi：10.1093/ije/dym232

    authors： Hallett TB,Garnett GP,Mupamberiyi Z,Gregson S

    更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00