Abstract：
:Thyroid status is known to have an important bearing on the ability of a woman to conceive, and to bring a normal infant to term. Thyroid status has changed in a number of previously iodine deficient countries as a result of recent iodization programmes. In this study, examination has been made of changes in the rates of two pregnancy outcomes in Tasmania, a State of Australia, namely, stillbirth and infant death due to congenital anomalies. Tasmania began iodine supplementation in 1950. Stillbirth rates declined more rapidly than in Australia as a whole, but show a peak associated with the peak of iodine-induced thyrotoxicosis in 1966. Congenital anomalies causing death show an initial rise in the early 1950s. It is suggested that this is due to persistence of iodine deficiency in the foetus after maternal iodine status improved sufficiently to allow term delivery of a live infant. The later fall coincides with the reaching of reproductive age by the first cohort of Tasmanian women who had been iodine sufficient since childhood, who would therefore not deprive their own foetus of iodine. Examination of trends in New Zealand, Switzerland and Finland, which have each introduced iodization programmes, confirms the largely beneficial effect of iodine supplementation on the rate of infant death due to congenital anomalies.
journal_name
Int J Epidemioljournal_title
International journal of epidemiologyauthors
Potter JD,McMichael AJ,Hetzel BSdoi
10.1093/ije/8.2.137subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1979-06-01 00:00:00pages
137-44issue
2eissn
0300-5771issn
1464-3685journal_volume
8pub_type
杂志文章abstract：BACKGROUND:We assessed the risk of tubal pregnancy among women who (1) were currently using an intrauterine device (IUD) and (2) had discontinued IUD use while still sexually active and at risk of pregnancy using data from a multicentre case-control study of married women conducted in Indonesia. METHODS:Cases were 560...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1093/ije/23.5.1000
更新日期：1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The incidence of hepatitis C (HCV) infection among injecting drug users (IDUs) in Dublin is particularly high by international standards. The most robust predictor of an IDU's HCV status is his or her total number of lifetime injecting episodes. It has been proposed that participation in specific unsafe inje...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/dyh347
更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Non-medical factors may be important determinants for granting disability pension (DP) even though disability is medically defined, as in Norway. The aim of this analysis was to identify determinants of DP in a total county population in a 10-year follow-up study. METHODS:Participants were people without DP...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/31.6.1183
更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:To assess the impact of water sanitation and sewage disposal, part of a major environmental control programme in Rio de Janeiro, we carried out sero-prevalence studies for Hepatitis A virus (HAV) in three micro-regions in Rio de Janeiro. Each region varied with regard to level of sanitation. We are intereste...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/28.4.776
更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of household exposure to cigarette smoke on hospitalization and incidence of respiratory illness were examined among 2227 children at Chang-Ning District, Shanghai Municipality, People's Republic of China. The passive smoking quantity was estimated by total daily cigarette consumption of family members and...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/17.2.348
更新日期：1988-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Rochester Epidemiology Project (REP) medical records-linkage system was established in 1966 to capture health care information for the entire population of Olmsted County, MN, USA. The REP includes a dynamic cohort of 502 820 unique individuals who resided in Olmsted County at some point between 1966 and 2010, and...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/dys195
更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:So far, no randomized controlled trials with a mean mammographic screening interval of > or = 2 years has demonstrated statistically significant mortality reduction for women younger than age 50. The issue of screening frequency is vital in detection of primary breast cancer. METHODS:The study group consist...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/29.5.803
更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To examine whether educational attainment and intelligence have causal effects on risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD), independently of each other. DESIGN:Two-sample univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization (MR) to estimate the causal effects of education on intelligence and vice versa, and the to...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/dyz280
更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This case-control study was designed to determine whether males who were exposed to diethylstilboestrol (DES) in utero are at increased risk of testicular cancer. Questionnaires were completed for 79 residents of Connecticut, who were diagnosed with primary cancer of the testes between 1945 and approximately six month...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/17.4.738
更新日期：1988-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper examines methods for estimating the efficiency of measles and pertussis notification with particular reference to England and Wales. Crude estimates are obtained from a comparison of annual numbers of births and notifications, and this approach is modified to include detailed age-specific data. Other source...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/14.1.153
更新日期：1985-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:End-stage renal disease (ESRD) incidence and prevalence are increasing in many countries worldwide. Due to the high cost of therapy, predicting future numbers of patients requiring dialysis and transplantation is necessary for health care planners. Projecting therapy-specific chronic disease prevalence is in...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/27.2.274
更新日期：1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Shahroud Eye Cohort Study was set up to determine the prevalence and incidence of visual impairment and major eye conditions in the 40-64-year-old population of Shahroud as a Middle Eastern population. The first phase of the study was conducted in 2009-10. Using random cluster sampling, 6311 Shahroud inhabitants w...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/dys161
更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The male:female (M:F) mortality ratio for under-five mortality varies considerably across and within societies. Maternal education has been linked to better outcomes for girls, but the evidence is mixed. We examined how the M:F ratio for under-five mortality varies by maternal education in sub-Saharan Africa...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/dys201
更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：Background:Most existing research on the association of parental education with childhood undernutrition focuses on maternal education and often ignores paternal education. We systematically investigate differences in maternal and paternal education and their association with childhood undernutrition. Methods:One hund...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/dyw133
更新日期：2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:This study is an attempt to apply Markov process modelling to health status switching behaviour of infants. The data for the study consist of monthly records of diagnosed illnesses for 1152 children, each observed from the month of first contact with Kasangati Health Centre, Kampala, Uganda, until age 18 mon...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/24.1.177
更新日期：1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The immune adherence haemagglutination assay (IAHA), widely used for human viral disease diagnosis, has been adapted for detection of rabies virus antibodies in dog sera. Rabies virus antibody titres obtained by the IAHA correlated well with those obtained by the currently accepted test for rabies antibody determinati...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/16.3.472
更新日期：1987-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The familial aggregation of chronic bronchitis and obstructive airways disease was investigated in a propositus population of 430 persons aged 45-54 years and 1340 of their first (1 degree), second (2degrees) and third (3 degrees ) order relatives. All subjects were screened in their homes using a modified British MRC...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/7.1.55
更新日期：1978-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The role of trigger factors in acute cardiovascular events has been much studied in the past few years. A recent study analysed changes in the rates of cardiac emergencies in Bavaria (Germany) during the last Football World Cup. The authors reported a 2.7-fold increase in the incidence of cardiac emergencies...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/dyq007
更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper discusses the application of Popper's philosophy to epidemiological research, examining in particular the problems of replication without risk of refutation, of mistaking statistical sophistication for deductive inference, and of dealing with causality at a general level. An example is given of a Popperian ...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/4.3.159
更新日期：1975-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The risk of cancer was evaluated among 77,952 asthma patients with bronchial asthma. The series was obtained through linkage of two registers: the Finnish Social Insurance Institution's file of asthma patients and the Finnish Cancer Registry. There was a significant excess risk of lung cancer in both sexes, the standa...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/22.6.976
更新日期：1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The prevalence of human T-lymphotropic retrovirus (HTLV) was examined in Taiwan's indigenous populations. In all, 797 healthy subjects in Taiwan including Han Chinese and nine indigenous populations (Ami, Atayal, Bunun, Saisiat, Paiwan, Puyuma, Rukai, Tsuo, and Yami) were examined for the presence of antibodies to HTL...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/22.5.927
更新日期：1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The study examines whether self-rated health forms a continuum from poor through average to good health in terms of two groups of health-related variables. METHODS:The data come from the 1994 Finnish Survey on Living Conditions, a representative sample of Finnish men and women aged 25 years or older (n = 72...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/27.2.208
更新日期：1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To examine whether chlorination of drinking water was associated with cancer of the digestive or other organs, an ecological epidemiological study using nationwide incidence data from the Cancer Registry of Norway was carried out. On two geographical levels (counties and municipalities), both for men and women, chlori...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/21.1.6
更新日期：1992-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：UNLABELLED:An analysis of the associations between dietary and non-dietary variables and serum total cholesterol (Total-C) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was performed using data from the Scottish Heart Health Study--a cross-sectional survey of men (n = 5123) and women (n = 5236), aged 40-59. Subjects...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/20.1.95
更新日期：1991-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：Background:To assess the worldwide variation of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) incidence, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based data published to date. Methods:We reviewed Medline and Embase up to June 2015 and included all population-based studies of newly diagnosed ALS cases, us...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1093/ije/dyw061
更新日期：2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The aims of this study were to examine the prevalence of drug use, and how morbidity, use of health services, self-evaluated health, demographic pattern and lifestyle characteristics influence drug use in a general population. METHODS:The study was carried out in the municipality of Tromsø, Norway. A sample...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/23.6.1262
更新日期：1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:In many western countries an increase in incidence of adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus and/or gastric cardia have been reported. The aim of this study was to describe and compare trends in incidence of adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus and gastric cardia in several areas of Europe, 1968-1995, using Eurocim (a...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1093/ije/29.4.645
更新日期：2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this paper dot maps are used as an epidemiological tool to describe the spatial patterns of cases, non-cases and some relevant risk factors associated with the occurrence of Schistosoma mansoni infection in an urban environment. The study was carried out in Santo Antonio de Jesus, a town in north-east Brazil with a...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/22.4.731
更新日期：1993-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:In sub-Saharan Africa, the prevalence of orphanhood among children has been greatly exacerbated by the HIV/AIDS pandemic. If orphanhood harms a child's development and these effects perpetuate into adult life, then the African orphan crisis could seriously jeopardize the continent's future generations. Wheth...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/dyn197
更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Debates exist over whether health inequities are bound to rise as population health improves, due to health improving more quickly among the better off, with most analyses focused on mortality data. METHODS:We analysed 50 years of socioeconomic inequities in measured health status among US-born Black and Wh...
journal_title：International journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ije/dyu047
更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00
