Abstract:
:In this paper dot maps are used as an epidemiological tool to describe the spatial patterns of cases, non-cases and some relevant risk factors associated with the occurrence of Schistosoma mansoni infection in an urban environment. The study was carried out in Santo Antonio de Jesus, a town in north-east Brazil with a population of around 45,000 inhabitants. The survey was targeted at all children aged between 12 years 8 months and 14 years 11 months who were living in the town at the time of the survey. An extensive questionnaire was used to collect information on each child and on family and household conditions; stool samples were also taken for quantitative examination. A computerized digitizer was used on a map (scale 1:4000) to create x and y coordinates for each child's household. The result was matched with individual data from the questionnaires and the stool examination. From this data base it was possible, by using a statistical package, to make epidemiological analyses and by using the statistical package associated with a geocartographic system package it was possible to dot plot selected values of defined variables. These techniques substantiated the findings on the risk factors at a local level and, as a consequence, improve our ability to define targeted actions towards local control of schistosomiasis.
journal_name
Int J Epidemioljournal_title
International journal of epidemiologyauthors
Barreto MLdoi
10.1093/ije/22.4.731subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1993-08-01 00:00:00pages
731-41issue
4eissn
0300-5771issn
1464-3685journal_volume
22pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:In spite of an improving trend, childhood mortality in rural sub-Saharan Africa remains high and has recently risen in some countries. The factors associated with the long-term decline in childhood mortality are poorly known, due to a lack of data. METHODS:A Senegalese rural population has been under demogr...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/30.6.1286
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Increases in measles antibodies without rash-illnesses have been documented in previously vaccinated children exposed to measles cases. The phenomenon has been incompletely evaluated in young unvaccinated infants with immunity of maternal origin. METHODS:Monthly cohorts of newborns were prospectively random...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1093/ije/28.1.147
更新日期:1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In recent years, the residential exposure to radon daughters has become a cause for concern as a contributing factor for lung cancer. In order to evaluate the population's risk consequences of different interpretations of the results of epidemiological studies in cohorts of uranium miners, a simulation model has been ...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/19.supplement_1.s73
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:To assess the predictive value of biological and clinical events for progression to AIDS (1993 European classification) when the CD4+ cell count falls below 200/microL (CD4 threshold) in different exposure groups. To investigate whether such markers remain predictive independently of the serum HIV-1 RNA leve...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/27.5.897
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Most HIV infections originate from individuals who are undiagnosed and unaware of their infection. Estimation of this quantity from surveillance data is hard because there is incomplete knowledge about (i) the time between infection and diagnosis (TI) for the general population, and (ii) the time between imm...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyz100
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cost effective use of new vaccines against pneumococcal disease in children requires detailed information about the local epidemiology of pneumococcal infections. METHODS:Data on 393 culture-confirmed cases of invasive pneumococcal infection in children (<17 years) hospitalized in Swiss paediatric clinics w...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1093/ije/27.6.1101
更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:To describe the seroepidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection in a population of Egyptian children under 3 years. METHODS:A cohort of children under 36 months, residing in Abu Homos, Egypt, were visited at home twice weekly. Information regarding the child's breastfeeding status was obtained, and period...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/29.5.928
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Previous evidence from the Alameda County Study indicated that residential area has an independent effect on risk for mortality, adjusting for a variety of important individual characteristics. The current research examined the effect of poverty area residence on risk for developing depressive symptoms and d...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/28.1.90
更新日期:1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In Switzerland, assisted suicide is legal but there is concern that vulnerable or disadvantaged groups are more likely to die in this way than other people. We examined socio-economic factors associated with assisted suicide. METHODS:We linked the suicides assisted by right-to-die associations during 2003-0...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyu010
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mild analgesics are freely available, widely used, and generally safe. Nevertheless a proportion of the population takes excessive quantities, of whom some develop chronic renal failure in consequence. A syndrome of analgesic abuse has been proposed, definable by characteristics other than analgesic intake. To examine...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/7.2.139
更新日期:1978-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Spontaneous losses between the 5th and 27th weeks of pregnancy were measured in a prospective study of 32 123 women whose contraceptive history around the time of conception was known. Diaphragm use prior to conception was associated with a significant reduction in second-trimester losses, after taking into account th...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/9.1.49
更新日期:1980-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Seemingly contradictory data support controversies concerning the relationships between food intake and illnesses. The present study of 1035 adults, aged 30-39 years, shows that (1) daily energy intake is not higher in obese than in non-obese people, (2) obesity is more prevalent in social groups where energy intake i...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/19.3.571
更新日期:1990-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Ready-made spectacles (RMS) have advantages; however, visual performance and satisfaction has not been evaluated. METHODS:A 1-month, double-masked, randomized clinical trial comparing planned continued use and visual performance of RMS to Custom Spectacles (CS) in adults aged 18-45 years with > or =1 diopte...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1093/ije/dyp384
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Predictions of primary liver cancer (PLC) incidence rates and case numbers are critical to understand and plan for PLC disease burden. METHODS:Data on PLC incidence rates and case numbers from 1990 to 2017 were retrieved from the Global Burden of Disease database. The estimated average percentage change (EA...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyaa196
更新日期:2020-12-08 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The prediction of future obesity patterns is crucial for effective strategic planning. However, disproportionally changing body mass index (BMI) distributions pose particular challenges. Flexible modelling of the shape of BMI distributions may improve prediction performance. METHODS:We used data from repeat...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyz195
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:If several risk factors for disease are considered in a regression model and these factors are affected by measurement errors, the observed relative risk will be attenuated. In nutritional epidemiology, several nutrient variables show strong correlation, described as collinearity. The observed relative risk ...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/26.5.1071
更新日期:1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:A recent monograph by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has identified indoor air pollution from coal usage as a known human carcinogen, while that from biomass as a probable human carcinogen. Although as much as 74% of the Indian population relies on solid fuels for cooking, very little...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1093/ije/dym261
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although smoking and HPV infection are recognized as important risk factors for oropharyngeal cancer, how their joint exposure impacts on oropharyngeal cancer risk is unclear. Specifically, whether smoking confers any additional risk to HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer is not understood. METHODS:Using HPV ...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1093/ije/dyw069
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The significance of persistent or recurrent respiratory infections in adult life for the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is still to a large extent unknown. A few clinical and experimental animal studies suggest that peripheral airways diseases may be due to the cumulative effects...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/25.3.658
更新日期:1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The impact and cost-effectiveness of couples' voluntary HIV counselling and testing (CVCT) has not been quantified in real-world settings. We quantify cost-per-HIV-infection averted by CVCT in Zambia from the donor's perspective. METHODS:From 2010 to 2016, CVCT was established in 73 Zambian government clini...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1093/ije/dyy203
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Samples of East African tribesmen from two separate locations were compared with respect to a number of anthropometric, cardiovascular and biochemical variables. The major finding was a large, significant difference in mean triglyceride levels between the groups (0.97 vs. 0.67 mmol/l; p less than 0.001), the mean plas...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/15.2.183
更新日期:1986-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The familial aggregation of chronic bronchitis and obstructive airways disease was investigated in a propositus population of 430 persons aged 45-54 years and 1340 of their first (1 degree), second (2degrees) and third (3 degrees ) order relatives. All subjects were screened in their homes using a modified British MRC...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/7.1.55
更新日期:1978-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Tuberculosis has been declining in developed countries for a long time, as a result of the intrinsic epidemiological characteristics of this disease, combined with improvement in the standard of living and more recently the use of antibiotics. In these low prevalence countries, decisions concerning the objec...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/26.1.190
更新日期:1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Carcinogenesis, at least for some types of cancer, can be interpreted as the consequence of selection of mutated cells similar to what, in the theory of evolution, occurs at the population level. Instead of considering a population of organisms, we can refer to a population of cells belonging to multicellular organism...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/ije/dyl185
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The tuberculin skin test (TST) is the most commonly used tool to detect infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We sought to determine whether tuberculin skin testing is useful to detect latent infection by M. tuberculosis in a population that was vaccinated with the Bacille Calmette Guérin (BCG) vaccine....
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyl213
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:Background:We previously showed that low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening in asbestos-exposed workers is effective in detecting lung cancer (LC) at an early stage. Here, we evaluate whether LDCT screening could reduce mortality from LC in such a high-risk population. Methods:Within a cohort of 2433 asbestos-e...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyy212
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Infectious disease interventions are increasingly tested using cluster-randomized trials (CRTs). These trial settings tend to involve a set of sampling units, such as villages, whose geographic arrangement may present a contamination risk in treatment exposure. The most widely used approach for reducing cont...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyy213
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Experimental studies show that some compounds in tobacco smoke are transplacental carcinogens, but epidemiological data on maternal smoking and childhood cancer are inconclusive. Using the national Swedish Medical Birth and Cancer Registries, the incidence of cancer was followed through 1987 in a cohort of 497,051 chi...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/21.1.1
更新日期:1992-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors studied how the introduction of several modifications to a basic food frequency questionnaire can influence the results of dietary surveys. Modifications covered eight combinations based on three levels: increasing versus decreasing order of frequency categories; questionnaires without versus with question...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1093/ije/21.6.1144
更新日期:1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relationship between risk of cervical neoplasia and various sociodemographic, reproductive and sexual characteristics was studied in 126 women (cases) with an abnormal Papanicolaou test finding and 1914 controls seen at the same clinic in which cases were detected but showing no evidence of cervical neoplasia. All...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/15.4.477
更新日期:1986-12-01 00:00:00