Lactation and breast cancer risk.

abstract：:Corporate influences on epidemiology have become stronger and more pervasive in the last few decades, particularly in the contentious fields of pharmacoepidemiology and occupational epidemiology. For every independent epidemiologist studying the side effects of medicines and the hazardous effects of industrial chemica...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Pearce N

更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:We reported in a recent study that parity was inversely related to the incidence of Hodgkin's disease (HD) in Norwegian women younger than 56. In this study, another data set was used to estimate the parity effects on incidence at higher ages, and two different data sets were used to assess how parity influe...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Kravdal O,Hansen S

更新日期：1996-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A multidisciplinary approach to research has been one of the hallmarks of Walter Holland's outstanding career in medical research. Studies arising from evaluation of the Cancer Research Campaign's health education programme for the early detection of cutaneous malignant melanoma were reviewed at Walter's Festschrift b...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Melia J

更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Until recently, botulism was not recognized as an important public health problem in Taiwan. In 1986, an outbreak of type A foodborne botulism resulted in nine cases, two of them fatal. The vehicle in this outbreak was commercially preserved peanuts processed by an improperly equipped, unlicensed cannery. A single bat...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Chou JH,Hwang PH,Malison MD

更新日期：1988-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:An ideological climate has persisted in Korea that has discouraged public discussion of social inequalities. Thus studies on inequalities in mortality remain undeveloped. This study is to examine age- and cause-specific socioeconomic mortality differentials for both men and women representative of the Korean...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Khang YH,Lynch JW,Kaplan GA

更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:This is a study of the associations of adult leg and trunk length with early life height and weight, diet, socioeconomic circumstances, and health, and parental height, divorce and death. METHOD:The data used were collected in a longitudinal study of the health, development and ageing of a British national ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Wadsworth ME,Hardy RJ,Paul AA,Marshall SF,Cole TJ

更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Second-hand smoke is associated with adverse health effects. Many countries have extended smoke-free policies to public buildings and workplaces such as hospitals, but mental health units have usually been exempted from complete smoke-free bans. The objective of this study was to evaluate second-hand smoke l...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Ballbè M,Sureda X,Martínez-Sánchez JM,Saltó E,Gual A,Fernández E

更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:To investigate the relative contributions of prenatal complications, perinatal characteristics, neonatal morbidities and socio-economic conditions on the occurrence of motor, sensory, cognitive, language and psychological disorders in a large longitudinal preterm infant population during the first 7 years af...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Müller JB,Hanf M,Flamant C,Olivier M,Rouger V,Gascoin G,Basset H,Rozé JC,Nusinovici S

更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Life history theory and resource dilution models of the family suggest that siblings may present a threat to healthy development because they compete for resources that parents have available to invest in individual offspring. Using data from a large cohort study of contemporary British families (ALSPAC), we...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Lawson DW,Mace R

更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Geoffrey Rose's 1985 paper, Sick individuals and sick populations, continues to spark debate and discussion. Since this original publication, there have been two notable challenges to Rose's population strategy of prevention. First, identification of high-risk individuals has improved considerably in accuracy, which s...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： McLaren L,McIntyre L,Kirkpatrick S

更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In Papua New Guinea a 15-year mortality follow-up was carried out among 2026 highlanders and 1734 coastal dwellers on whom data on respiratory symptoms and signs, and lung function had been obtained by prevalence surveys in 1970/71. Survival status was established in 99%, of whom 9.8% had died, the rate being higher i...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Anderson HR,Vallance P,Bland JM,Nohl F,Ebrahim S

更新日期：1988-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The infant mortality rate is not a good indicator of overall mortality or health status. Based on new empirical life tables from the UN Population Division, it can only predict life expectancy with 95% confidence to within a 14-year range. Two infant mortality rates must be nearly 80 units apart to be 95% confident th...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Murray CJ

更新日期：1988-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We present two enhancements to existing methods for visualizing vital statistics data. Data from the Human Mortality Database were used and vital statistics from England and Wales are used for illustration. The simpler of these methods involves coplotting mean age of death with its variance, and the more complex of th...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Minton J,Vanderbloemen L,Dorling D

更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Samples of East African tribesmen from two separate locations were compared with respect to a number of anthropometric, cardiovascular and biochemical variables. The major finding was a large, significant difference in mean triglyceride levels between the groups (0.97 vs. 0.67 mmol/l; p less than 0.001), the mean plas...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Robinson D,Day J

更新日期：1986-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Acute respiratory infection (ARI) is a major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Community surveys are used to determine the proportion of children with ARI for whom care is sought by questioning mothers about the signs and symptoms of illness episodes. The validity of this ap...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Harrison LH,Moursi S,Guinena AH,Gadomski AM,el-Ansary KS,Khallaf N,Black RE

更新日期：1995-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：Background:Most existing research on the association of parental education with childhood undernutrition focuses on maternal education and often ignores paternal education. We systematically investigate differences in maternal and paternal education and their association with childhood undernutrition. Methods:One hund...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Vollmer S,Bommer C,Krishna A,Harttgen K,Subramanian SV

更新日期：2017-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Recent studies suggest that small newborns who present rapid postnatal growth may have an increased risk of chronic diseases in adulthood. On the other hand, it is widely assumed that catch-up growth is desirable for low birthweight children, but the literature on this subject is limited. METHODS:Population...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Victora CG,Barros FC,Horta BL,Martorell R

更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Increases in measles antibodies without rash-illnesses have been documented in previously vaccinated children exposed to measles cases. The phenomenon has been incompletely evaluated in young unvaccinated infants with immunity of maternal origin. METHODS:Monthly cohorts of newborns were prospectively random...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Bennett J,Whittle H,Samb B,Cisse B,Simondon F,Aaby P

更新日期：1999-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Computer stimulations have been used to estimate the efficiency, as measured by the statistical power, of various combinations of design and analysis strategies for case-control studies. Conditions under which the various forms of analysis yield consistent relative risk estimators are derived for the general model. Th...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Howe GR,Choi BC

更新日期：1983-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Selection bias remains a more difficult bias to understand than confounding or measurement error. Past definitions have not always been illuminating and a simple method (such as the change-in-estimate method for confounding) has not been available to determine its presence and magnitude in the study sample. A better u...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Infante-Rivard C,Cusson A

更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Recent studies have found that cotinine is a better predictor of birthweight than the number of cigarettes smoked in pregnancy. In this paper we test this hypothesis and use cotinine to explore the effect of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) on birthweight. METHODS:In all, 1254 white women were interviewed ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Peacock JL,Cook DG,Carey IM,Jarvis MJ,Bryant AE,Anderson HR,Bland JM

更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article investigates the interrelationship of socioeconemic status, anthropometric status and mortality of young children in rural Bangladesh. Data for this study come from Matlab, the vital registration area of the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, where anthropometric and socioec...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Bairagi R,Chowdhury MK

更新日期：1994-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:During pregnancy, woman and fetus exchange small quantities of cells, and their persistence at later times is termed microchimerism. Microchimerism is known to substantially impact on women's later health. This study examined the survival of women according to male microchimerism status. METHODS:Male microc...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Kamper-Jørgensen M,Hjalgrim H,Andersen AM,Gadi VK,Tjønneland A

更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Increasing evidence links chronic infections, especially burden of several infections, with increased risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). We studied joint immune response against two major periodontal pathogens and herpes simplex virus (HSV) in relation to established risk factors of CVD. METHODS:Serum ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Vilkuna-Rautiainen T,Pussinen PJ,Roivainen M,Petäys T,Jousilahti P,Hovi T,Vartiainen E,Asikainen S

更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：Background:This paper investigates trends in suicide rate, the reasons for and means of suicide and the occupation of deceased, to prioritize suicide prevention activities in India and to highlight the limitations to data quality for surveillance. Methods:Data available in the public domain from the National Crimes Re...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Dandona R,Bertozzi-Villa A,Kumar GA,Dandona L

更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone and pivmecillinam are the antibiotics currently recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for the treatment of dysentery in children; yet there have been no reviews of the clinical effectiveness of these antibiotics in recent years. METHODS:We reviewed all literature repo...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Traa BS,Walker CL,Munos M,Black RE

更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There are certain health risks associated with recreational exposure to bacteriologically polluted water. In this study, 27% (21/77) of swimmers who took part in a snorkel swimming event, experienced gastrointestinal symptoms within 48 hours of entering the untreated water. The incidence of these symptoms was statisti...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Philipp R,Evans EJ,Hughes AO,Grisdale SK,Enticott RG,Jephcott AE

更新日期：1985-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The proportion of births to women of New Commonwealth origin in different Area Health Authorities (AHAs) varies widely. The influence of this varying proportion in contributing to differences in perinatal mortality rate (PNMR) between authorities is examined. Firstly, it is shown that the two main 'immigrant' groups h...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Marshall T,Mallett R

更新日期：1980-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:We examined the effect of a large reduction in the price of alcohol that occurred in Finland in 2004 on alcohol-related and all-cause mortality, and mortality due to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) from which alcohol-attributable cases were excluded. METHODS:Time series intervention analysis modelling was ap...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Herttua K,Mäkelä P,Martikainen P

更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Ballabgarh Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS), also known as the Comprehensive Rural Health Services Project (CRHSP) Ballabgarh, is located in north India and was established in 1961 to develop a model for rural health-care practice in India. In addition to demographic surveillance and community-bas...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Kant S,Misra P,Gupta S,Goswami K,Krishnan A,Nongkynrih B,Rai SK,Srivastava R,Pandav CS

更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00