Abstract:
:A multidisciplinary approach to research has been one of the hallmarks of Walter Holland's outstanding career in medical research. Studies arising from evaluation of the Cancer Research Campaign's health education programme for the early detection of cutaneous malignant melanoma were reviewed at Walter's Festschrift because they illustrate the importance of the multidisciplinary approach and raise issues about medical screening which has been a special interest of Walter's The programme took place in 1987 in seven areas of England and Scotland with a target population of 3.6 million. The main aim of the evaluation study is to investigate the effect of the programme on mortality from melanoma. Interim effects on awareness about melanoma, workload and incidence rates of melanoma by stage are reviewed. The importance of collaboration between dermatologists, epidemiologists, histopathologists and health education specialists has been essential. However, the effectiveness of high profile campaigns alone to promote early detection of melanoma is uncertain and future initiatives should be evaluated in randomized controlled trials.
journal_name
Int J Epidemioljournal_title
International journal of epidemiologyauthors
Melia Jdoi
10.1093/ije/24.supplement_1.s39subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1995-01-01 00:00:00pages
S39-44eissn
0300-5771issn
1464-3685journal_volume
24 Suppl 1pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:The significance of persistent or recurrent respiratory infections in adult life for the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is still to a large extent unknown. A few clinical and experimental animal studies suggest that peripheral airways diseases may be due to the cumulative effects...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/25.3.658
更新日期:1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Carcinogenesis, at least for some types of cancer, can be interpreted as the consequence of selection of mutated cells similar to what, in the theory of evolution, occurs at the population level. Instead of considering a population of organisms, we can refer to a population of cells belonging to multicellular organism...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/ije/dyl185
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Mobile phone use and exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) from it have been associated with symptoms in some studies, but the studies have shortcomings and their findings are inconsistent. We conducted a prospective cohort study to assess the association between amount of mobile phone u...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyz127
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article takes up the history of North American psychiatric epidemiology with reference to production of knowledge concerning sociopathic or antisocial personality disorder and drug dependence, abuse, and/or addiction. These overlapping arenas provide a microcosm within which to explore the larger shift of postwar...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 传,历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyt223
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Minnesota Heart Survey (MHS) assessed population trends in coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality, morbidity and risk factor levels in the Twin Cities metropolitan area to explain the decline in CHD deaths. Age-adjusted CHD mortality rates declined in Twin Cities residents aged 30 to 74 from 1968 to 1986 by 52% in...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several conditions, whose timely and appropriate therapy should decrease case fatality, have been proposed as indicators of medical care quality for the National Health Service. Mortality rates for these diseases vary widely within the UK. To evaluate the contribution of varying incidence rates to these mortality diff...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/15.3.408
更新日期:1986-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Acute respiratory infection (ARI) is a major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Community surveys are used to determine the proportion of children with ARI for whom care is sought by questioning mothers about the signs and symptoms of illness episodes. The validity of this ap...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/24.5.1058
更新日期:1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cardiovascular disease risk factor and mortality data collected since the 1978 Conference on the Decline in Coronary Heart Disease Mortality were reviewed. Risk factor and disease trends were generally parallel and compatible with current hypotheses of cause and prevention. A few discrepancies between risk factors and...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There are several existing systematic reviews of prevalence of dementia for mainland China, Hong Kong and Taiwan, but several studies have been newly reported. The aim of this study is to update prevalence data in this region and test for variation across geographical areas and time periods using the new dat...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyy007
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis of perinatal variables in relation to testicular cancer risk, with a specific focus upon characteristics of the son. METHODS:Literature databases Scopus, EMBASE, PubMed and Web of Science were searched using highly sensitive search strategies. Of 5865 refer...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1093/ije/dyq120
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The proportion of births to women of New Commonwealth origin in different Area Health Authorities (AHAs) varies widely. The influence of this varying proportion in contributing to differences in perinatal mortality rate (PNMR) between authorities is examined. Firstly, it is shown that the two main 'immigrant' groups h...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/9.3.255
更新日期:1980-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The male:female (M:F) mortality ratio for under-five mortality varies considerably across and within societies. Maternal education has been linked to better outcomes for girls, but the evidence is mixed. We examined how the M:F ratio for under-five mortality varies by maternal education in sub-Saharan Africa...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dys201
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:MOTIVATION:RVPedigree (Rare Variant association tests in Pedigrees) implements a suite of programs facilitating genome-wide analysis of association between a quantitative trait and autosomal region-based genetic variation. The main features here are the ability to appropriately test for association of rare variants wit...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyw047
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In an extensive health survey 115 male viscose rayon workers exposed to carbon disulphide (CS2) and 76 referents not exposed to this chemical were interviewed using the WHO cardiovascular questionnaire and responded to a self-administered questionnaire. A 12-lead ECG was taken and coded using the Minnesota code. Blood...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/21.4.745
更新日期:1992-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent developments in statistics have produced powerful methods that facilitate the analysis of longitudinal studies. These methods are illustrated by an analysis of a longitudinal study of blood pressure in children. The results of the study show a clear tendency for blood pressure to increase with age, and Asian ch...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/8.1.15
更新日期:1979-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In the absence of planned efforts to target the poor, child survival programs often favour the rich. Further evidence is needed urgently about which interventions and programme approaches are most effective in addressing inequities. The Lives Saved Tool (LiST) is available and can be used to model mortality ...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyq034
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Data from the Seven Countries Study are analysed to examine the relationship between the observed incidence of Coronary Heart Disease in the second 5-year period of follow-up and the major entry risk factors and their changes over the first 5 years. The analysis, using the Multiple Logistic Function model, shows that ...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/10.1.31
更新日期:1981-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Serum triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroid autoantibodies (TAA) to either microsome or thyroglobulin were measured in 1251 samples from the general population, 546 males and 705 females, aged 40 or over in Hisayama, a Japanese rural town. TAA was positive in 7.7% of men ...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/16.4.545
更新日期:1987-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In July 2004 a strain-specific vaccine was introduced to combat an epidemic of group B meningococcal disease in New Zealand. We estimated the effectiveness of this vaccine in pre-school-aged children. METHODS:We conducted a cohort analysis of all children in New Zealand who were aged 6 months to <5 years at...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyn228
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Smoking during pregnancy has been shown to increase the risks of several adverse birth outcomes. Associations with overweight and/or obesity in the offspring have also been suggested. We aim to investigate whether familial factors confound the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and overwei...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyq064
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In designing prevention strategies, it may be useful to understand how early and midlife cardiovascular disease risk factor (CVDRF) exposures affect outcomes that primarily occur in mid to late life. Few single US cohorts have followed participants from early adulthood to late life. METHODS:We pooled four p...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyy264
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a questionnaire administered to a general population sample of 1673 adults, a 14-item scale of social desirability was divided into two groups of questions, almost evenly divided between desirable and undesirable behaviour, the percentage answering 'true' was higher when the question was asked early than when it wa...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/5.2.125
更新日期:1976-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:Background:The genetic architecture of birth size may differ geographically and over time. We examined differences in the genetic and environmental contributions to birthweight, length and ponderal index (PI) across geographical-cultural regions (Europe, North America and Australia, and East Asia) and across birth coho...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyy081
更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Human herpes virus 8 (HHV8) appears to be the primary aetiologic agent of Kaposi sarcoma (KS). To study the distribution of HHV8, a seroepidemiological study was carried out in western Sicily, where a high incidence rate of classical KS is well documented. METHODS:A total of 970 sera of healthy human immuno...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/29.1.175
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence of gonorrhoea and chlamydial infections and to determine sexual and demographic correlates for these sexually transmitted diseases (STD) among visitors of an STD clinic. METHODS:In 1994, a cross-sectional study was carried out among 2984 consecutive ...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/26.6.1373
更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Uncontrolled confounding by personal exposures like smoking can limit the inferential power of occupational cohort studies. We developed and demonstrate a refinement of an existing type of sensitivity analysis, indirect adjustment, for evaluating the potential magnitude of confounding by alcohol and tobacco....
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyh151
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To observe recent trends in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence in antenatal clinic attendees to determine if previously noted falls in HIV prevalence are occurring on both sides of the Kenyan-Ugandan border. Design An ecologic study was conducted at the district level comparing HIV prevalence rates...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyh127
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Meningococcal meningitis epidemics are frequent in the Sahel zone of Africa but there is little information on the frequency of long-term sequelae. We analysed excess mortality in the two years following the 1997 epidemic in northern Ghana and carried out a case-control study to assess sequelae in the surviv...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/30.6.1440
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The substantial disease burden attributed to heat waves, and their increasing frequency and intensity due to climate change, highlight the importance of understanding the health consequences of heat waves. We explore the mortality risk due to heat wave characteristics, including the timing in the seasons, th...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyaa104
更新日期:2021-01-23 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:It is widely believed that children of high socioeconomic status (SES) are more likely than those of low SES to develop acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). Such observations have led to wide-ranging speculations about the potential aetiological role of factors associated with affluence and modernization. M...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyl193
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00